共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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运载火箭液氢液氧低温推进剂加注技术 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了运载火箭低温推进剂加注系统的特点,对加注技术中的主要问题作了回顾与评述,这些问题是,液氢系统的气体置换,预冷过程及控制,加注流量调节,加注过程中的两相流,加注过程中推进剂的温升和过冷推进剂,射前补加及控制。 相似文献
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日本运载火箭液氢地面贮存加注系统综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
阐述日本H-1和H-2火箭的液氢地面贮存加注系统。详细说明H-2吉信发射场上的发射和试车共用液氢贮存加注系统。着重介绍系统的组成、贮罐、氢再液化装置等的性能;对氢危险区的划分和对氢危险区各类设备及人员所采取的防爆、防火措施。 相似文献
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液氢加注系统的气体置换方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
液氢加注系统在加注前必须置换合格,可采用的置换方法有三种:抽真空、吹除、增压置换。结合液氢加注系统比较了三种方法的优缺点,并给出了气体置换的计算方法。对水分置换的方法进行了探讨,认为加热置换和抽真空是行之有效的方法。 相似文献
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基于液氢高效储运对低温绝热的需求,将液氢温区复合多层绝热材料(包含泡沫材料与多层绝热材料)作为研究对象,通过Layer-by-Layer模型构建复合多层绝热材料层间温度分布数值模型,分析了热通量随热边界温度、真空度与总层数变化规律。结果表明,热通量随着热边界温度的升高而增大,靠近冷边界区域的多层绝热材料承担了主要的绝热功能。随后对不同组合模式改变真空度下传热特性进行分析,发现相较于多层绝热材料,添加泡沫材料热通量减少20.76%。此外,复合多层绝热材料中多层绝热材料总层数的增加可以有效抑制热通量增加,综合考虑性能成本,在总层数为50层时抑制效果达到最佳,此时热通量为0.537 7 W/m2。 相似文献
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《低温学》2015
A cryogenic liquid turbine expander is developed as a replacement for traditional Joule–Thomson valves used in the cryogenic systems for the purpose of energy saving. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the turbine expander and is the subject of this paper. The test rig comprises a closed-loop liquefied nitrogen system, cryogenic liquid turbine expander unit, and its auxiliary and measuring systems. The test operating parameters of the turbine expander are determined on the basis of flow similarity rules. Pre-cooling of the liquid nitrogen system is first performed, and then the tests are conducted at different flow rates and speed ratios. The turbine expander flow rate, inlet and outlet pressure and temperature, rotational speed and shaft torque were measured. Experimental results and their uncertainties were analyzed and discussed. The following are demonstrated: (1) For both test cases, turbine expander peak isentropic efficiency is respectively 78.8% and 68.4% obtained at 89.6% and 92% of the design flow rate. The large uncertainties in isentropic efficiency are caused by the large enthalpy variations subjected to small measurement uncertainties in temperature and pressure. (2) Total efficiency and hydraulic efficiency of the turbine expander are obtained. They are essentially the same, since both include flow-related effects and also bearing losses. Comparisons of total efficiency and hydraulic efficiency were used to justify measurement uncertainties of different quantities, since the former involves the measured mass flow rate and enthalpy drop (being dependant on inlet and outlet temperature and pressure), while the latter involves the actual shaft power, volume flow rate, and inlet and outlet pressure. (3) Losses in flow passages and the shaft-bearing system have been inferred based on the measured turbine expander total efficiency, isentropic efficiency, and mechanical efficiency, which are respectively 57.6–74.8%, 62.1–78.8% and 89.5–96.4%. Uncertainty analysis is conducted for experimental isentropic efficiency, hydraulic efficiency, and total efficiency. The hydraulic efficiency seems to be the best measure for assessing the performance of cryogenic liquid turbine expander. (4) Isentropic efficiency versus speed ratio is obtained from the experimental data. The experimental isentropic efficiency increases with the speed ratio, and it reaches 78.8% at the largest experimental speed ratio. A higher efficiency would be achieved if the speed ratio could reach a larger value. This provides some guidance for an optimal operation of the turbine expander in the future. 相似文献