保持泊松噪声图像细节的快速变分去噪算法

去除医学、天文图像中的泊松噪声一直是人们关注的热点问题之一。在充分分析泊松去噪[α]-Le模型的基础上结合交替方向乘子（ADMM）算法,给出该模型一基于框式约束的快速求解算法,并证明了该算法的收敛性。数值实验结果表明,该算法在去噪的同时,不仅能很好地保留图像中的边缘及小细节特征,还能大幅提高运算效率。     

基于分数阶变分的图像泊松去噪模型

为了进一步提高图像去噪的效果,针对图像泊松噪声的特点,提出了一种有效的基于分数阶导数的图像泊松去噪的变分模型。该模型继承了全变分模型去噪效果良好的优点,并且很好地利用分数阶微分特有的幅频特性优势,在处理图像细节和纹理特征方面很好的保留了图像的“弱信息”。数值实验结果表明,该分数阶变分方法的去噪效果优于传统的整数阶变分方法,能很好地保留图像的边缘细节特征。     

一种PDE图像分解去噪模型及算法

通过分析ROF(Rudin,Osher and Fatemi)模型和LLT（lysaker,lundervold and Tai)模型在处理噪声图像时存在的缺陷,以及纹理部分和噪声部分之间的差异,将图像分解思想和ROF模型与LLT模型相结合,提出了一种新的分解去噪模型：DD(decomposition and denoising)模型。该模型在处理噪声图像时,将噪声图像分解为结构、纹理和噪声3部分,从而达到既去噪又能分解的目的。进一步通过仿真试验,验证了DD模型和算法的合理性及有效性。     

自适应广义全变差的图像泊松去噪算法

针对医学、天文图像中的泊松噪声,基于广义全变差的图像泊松去噪模型,结合交替迭代极小化方法,提出一种自适应广义全变差的图像去噪算法。该算法利用广义交叉验证技术,使得模型中的正则化参数在算法迭代过程中可以自动更新。数值实验结果验证了该算法的有效性与可行性。     

基于偏微分方程的肉品图像去噪对比研究

肉品中含有水分,或者切割过程中产生的脂肪碎屑或结缔组织,其可见光图像容易产生噪声。基于偏微分方程模型的算法去噪同时能够保持图像的某些特征,常见的有Perona-Malik模型、全变差ROF模型、Y-K四阶模型。通过对Lena图像加入高斯噪声和椒盐噪声,对比了三种模型的信噪比、方法噪声及运算时间。在此基础上,以猪肉图像为去噪对象,比较三种算法的性能。结果表明:ROF模型在去除噪声的同时,保持细节的能力强于其他两种模型,YK四阶偏微分方程模型能够去除噪声,但是图像模糊。去噪效果最差的是P-M模型。     

改进的曲率滤波强噪声图像去噪方法

目的 医学影像获取和视频监控过程中会出现一些恶劣环境,导致图像有许多强噪声斑点,质量较差。在处理强噪声图像时,传统的基于变分模型的算法,因需要计算高阶偏微分方程,计算复杂且收敛较慢;而隐式使用图像曲率信息的曲率滤波模型,在处理强噪声图像时,又存在去噪不完全的缺陷。为了克服这些缺陷,在保持图像边缘和细节特征的同时去除图像的强噪声,实现快速去噪,提出了一种改进的曲率滤波算法。方法 本文算法在隐式计算曲率时,通过半窗三角切平面和最小三角切平面的组合,用投影算子代替传统曲率滤波的最小三角切平面投影算子,并根据强噪声图像存在强噪声斑点的特征,修正正则能量函数,增添局部方差的正则能量,使得正则项的约束更加合理,提高了算法的去噪性能,从而达到增强去噪能力和保护图像边缘与细节的目的。结果 针对多种不同强度的混合噪声图像对本文算法性能进行测试,并与传统的基于变分法的去噪算法（ROF）和曲率滤波去噪等算法进行去噪效果对比,同时使用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）作为滤波算法性能的客观评价指标。本文算法在对强噪声图像去噪处理时,能够有效地保持图像的边缘和细节特征,具备较好的PSNR和SSIM,在PSNR上比ROF模型和曲率滤波算法分别平均提高1.67 dB和2.93 dB,SSIM分别平均提高0.29和0.26。由于采用了隐式计算图像曲率,算法的处理速度与曲率滤波算法相近。结论 根据强噪声图像噪声特征对曲率滤波算法进行优化,改进投影算子和能量函数正则项,使得曲率滤波算法能够更好地适用于强噪声图像,实验结果表明,该方法与传统的变分法相比,对强噪声图像去噪效果显著。     

融合[L2]和KL保真项的图像恢复算法

为了有效抑制高斯-泊松混合噪声,针对调和模型不能有效保存图像的边缘细节信息和Kullback-Leibler散度作为保真项（KL保真项）的全变差图像恢复模型对光滑的区域部分去噪会产生“阶梯效应”的不足,提出一种针对高斯-泊松混合噪声去噪的图像恢复变分模型。该模型利用增广拉格朗日算法进行数值实现,将调和模型和全变分模型按照比例进行融合,结合两种模型的优点,增强模型的去噪性能;Kullback-Leibler散度作为保真项和[L2]保真项按照比例进行混合,能有效去除高斯-泊松混合噪声的同时,保护图像的边缘细节;使用多幅含不同混合噪声的图像进行对比实验,采用峰值信噪比、结构相似度指标评定图像的恢复效果。实验结果表明,该模型的峰值信噪比和结构相似度大于使用Kullback-Leibler散度作为保真项的全变差图像恢复（TV-KL）模型、改进MS模型（MRT）,以及保真项混合模型（MFT）这三个模型,并且计算的CPU时间更短,去噪效果得到明显改善。所提模型具有更好的去噪性能,有效地保持了图像细节和纹理特征方面的信息,获得了更理想的视觉效果,不仅能提高了图像质量,而且在客观上得到了有效的证实,可以应用于X射线图像去噪。     

一种基于变分模型的泊松-高斯噪声图像复原算法

为了改善已恢复图像的图像质量,提出一种基于变分模型的图像复原算法.首先通过多曝光图像成像算法重建出对于光照具有线性响应的亮度图像,并采用泊松-高斯噪声模型对图像退化过程进行建模;然后通过分析亮度图像的同态子块,将泊松-高斯噪声模型的未知参数估计问题转化为求解一个线性方程组;再根据贝叶斯公式和最大后验概率准则推导出一个具有严格凸函数性质的变分模型,其最优解即为对于无噪图像的最优估计;最后利用最小二乘法以及最速下降法分别对噪声的参数以及无噪图像进行估计.实验结果表明,本文算法能够在抑制噪声的同时保证图像的细节与图像质量.     

一种求解带有冲击噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题的变步长分裂Bregman算法

分裂Bregman算法是一种有效的求解L1正则化问题的算法,Chen等人结合线性化、变步长、非单调等技术,改进了固定步长的分裂Bregman算法,提出了变步长分裂Bregman算法(BOSVS),并将该算法用于求解带有高斯噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题,其数值实验结果令人满意.但是它不能求解带有冲击噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题,我们在BOSVS算法基础上,提出了一种新的变步长分裂Bregman算法,用于求解带有冲击噪声的图像去模糊去噪问题.该算法一方面保留了BOSVS算法的线性化、变步长、非单调等特点;另一方面通过在原模型目标函数上增加一个L1正则项,使得模型不仅可以处理高斯噪声,还可以处理冲击噪声,因而适用范围比BOSVS算法更为广泛.初步数值实验结果表明,新算法得到结果的质量明显优于FTVd,且计算时间、算法效率也较有竞争力.     

一种基于偏微分方程变分去噪模型

近年来,国内外学者对于泊松噪声的研究越来越多,在TV模型的基础上提出了不少二阶去噪模型,它们在有效去除噪声的同时,很好地保护了图像边缘细节,但是共同的缺点是产生了“块效应”。针对这一不足,文中提出了一种四阶去噪模型,运用变分原理得到了其相应的欧拉拉格朗日方程,并用梯度下降法求解拉格朗日方程。文中运用差分法对该模型进行了数值求解与仿真,实验结果表明,提出的方法不仅去噪效果良好,而且有效改善了二阶去噪模型中出现的“块效应”,同时有效保护了边缘细节。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.