基于内部热耦合精馏塔非线性wave模型的高纯控制

首先建立内部热耦合精馏塔（ITCDIC）的非线性波动降阶模型,并将非线性波动理论（wave）应用到ITCDIC控制问题中,实现一般模型控制（GMC）方案.与传统控制方案相比,基于波动理论的一般模型控制（waveGMC）不再采用ITCDIC的近似线性模型,更好地解决了高纯控制过程中的非线性问题,通过对波形的速度和位置控制能够在短时间内使系统达到稳定.苯-甲苯物系的实例研究表明,ITCDIC波动模型在高纯控制过程中能够精确反映ITCDIC的动态特征,waveGMC控制方案较传统控制方案更加稳定可靠.     

基于内模控制的内部热耦合精馏策略

精馏过程约占工业总能耗的1/3,其节能控制潜力很大。内部热耦合精馏(ITCDIC)是迄今为止所提出的节能效果最好(比常规精馏节能40%以上)却没有商业化的节能技术。主要原因在于该过程具有较强的非线性、复杂的动态特性以及耦合性,给控制方案的设计带来了极大的困难。通过建立更为精确的二阶内部模型,提出了一种有效的ITCDIC内模控制方案。实例研究结果表明,与传统控制方案PID相比,控制品质更加稳定可靠;同时,与目前国际上公开报道的最好结果相比,该控制方案有更广泛的操作域,鲁棒性更强。     

内部热耦合精馏塔的传热及优化

为研究同轴式内部热耦合精馏塔（HIDiC）在不同压缩比下的传热量和传热系数,以乙醇-水为分离物系,在自制中试装置中进行了实验研究。建立了同轴式HIDiC的传热模型即利用闪蒸罐代替塔板,计算进出闪蒸罐物流的焓值差,从而得到精馏段与提馏段板间换热量,并通过划分区域的方法计算了传热系数。以年度总费用（TAC）作为优化指标研究了实现外回流为零时所需的外部换热器的个数。结果表明：当压缩比为2.2时,塔间传热量最大,冷凝器和再沸器的负荷最低,且压缩比与传热系数的关系为负相关;随着精馏段与提馏段板间最小换热温差的增大,所需外部换热器个数不断减少,TAC呈现降低的趋势,当外部换热器个数为1,即热量耦合位置为精馏段第一块板与提馏段第一块板时,TAC最低。     

内部热耦合精馏塔的初步设计(I) 模型化和操作分析

引　言将热量从精馏段传到提馏段来实现节能是精馏过程节能的一种有效方法 ,即二次回流和蒸发[1](ＳＲＶ) .内部热耦合精馏塔 (ＩＴＣＤＩＣ)的热耦合机理仍是ＳＲＶ方法 ,但去掉了再沸器和冷凝器 ,具有较大的节能潜力 .它的研究只有近 1 0年的历史[2 ,3],目前 ,还没有见到详细的操作分析和设计优化的文献报道 ,只有一些较为相关的文献[4 ,5 ].本文对理想热耦合精馏塔进行了建模和操作分析 .1　模型化图 1是ＩＴＣＤＩＣ的示意图 .精馏段和提馏段被分为两个塔 .热耦合通过两段之间的热交换器来实现 .为了提供传热必须的推动力 ,精馏段将在较…     

内部热耦合精馏塔基于非理想物系的最优评价

Internal thermally coupled distillation column(ITCDIC) is a frontier in energy saving distillation research. In this paper, the optimal assessment on the energy saving and the operating cost for ITCDIC of nonideal mixture is explored. An evaluating method is proposed, and the pertinent optimization model is then derived. The ethanol-water system is studied as an illustrative example. The optimization results show that the maximum energy saving in ITCDIC process is about 35% and the maximum operating cost saving in ITCDIC process is about 30%,as compared with a conventional distillation column(CDIC) under the minimum reflux ratio operating; the optimal operating pressure of the rectifying section is found to be around 0.25 MPa; the effects of the feed composition,operating pressure and the heat transfer rate on operation are also found and analyzed. It is revealed that ITCDIC process possesses high energy saving potential and promising economical prospect.     

环己酮精馏装置热耦合节能技术改造

针对环己酮精馏装置蒸汽及循环冷却水消耗量大的问题,采用热耦合精馏技术,利用强制循环泵将脱酮塔塔釜冷物料送至再沸器,与脱轻塔塔顶采出的高温气相进行热交换,再沸器不再使用蒸汽热源,大幅减少了脱酮塔的热能消耗量;同时,脱轻塔塔顶气相冷凝器的循环冷却水也不再使用。此项技改取得了很好的经济和社会效益,对企业节能降耗起到积极推动作用。     

内部热耦合精馏塔的初步设计(II) 控制分析和参数优化

Basedon the previous design model, degrees of freedom analysis and transient analysis arecarried out. A PID control model is proposed. The results show that ITCDIC is aself-regulating process, and could be operated smoothly with two PID controllers; thesteady state design could be disassociate with the dynamic design. An optimization modelof ITCDIC design parameters is derived, which can directly achieve the optimal designparameters providing the maximum energy savings and the product quality simultaneously.Benzene-toluene system is studied as an illustrative example.     

内部热耦合反应精馏塔内乙酸甲酯的合成研究

提出了一种应用内部热耦合反应精馏技术合成乙酸甲酯的新工艺流程,即采用内部热耦合反应精馏塔替代常规流程中的反应精馏塔。利用Aspen Plus模拟软件对新工艺流程及常规流程做了模拟分析,比较分析了2种工艺流程塔内气液相组成分布、塔内温度分布,并考察了压缩机压缩比对新工艺的影响。结果显示,新工艺流程比常规反应精馏流程节能44.51%,而且新工艺能大幅度地减少CO2排放量。     

简化外部热耦合双精馏塔的控制与优化

针对具有3个换热器结构的外部热耦合双精馏塔(S-EHIDDiC),提出了一种新型的控制与优化策略。顶部与底部换热器的热负荷能够改变高压精馏塔的回流量和低压精馏塔的上升汽量,因而可以用来控制高压精馏塔塔顶和低压精馏塔塔底的产品质量。这种控制方法与常规精馏塔的LV控制结构相似。S-EHIDDiC还有多余的决策变量(如进料分流比,高压精馏塔塔压和中间换热器的热负荷),可以对稳态操作进行优化。闭环仿真证明了这种控制结构的可行性,稳态优化也提高了系统的热力学效率。     

内部热耦合精馏塔的初步设计(II) 控制分析和参数优化

引　言研究表明[1,2 ],控制和设计优化往往是节能方法实际应用中的主要困难 .关于二次回流和蒸发(ＳＲＶ)、Ｐｅｔｌｙｕｋ、热交换网络 (ＨＥＮ)等方法的控制设计已经有了大量的研究[3,4].这些研究方法可以借鉴到内部热耦合精馏塔 (ＩＴＣＤＩＣ)的控制研究上[5 ].本文对理想ＩＴＣＤＩＣ进行了自由度分析、暂态分析和ＰＩＤ控制研究 ,并进行了设计参数的优化和分析 .目前 ,尚未见到设计优化的文献报道 .1　自由度分析对于理想二元混合物 ,ＩＴＣＤＩＣ动态系统由6.5ｎ 1 0个独立方程 (ｅ)、 6.5ｎ 2 7个变量υ构成 ,系统的自由度为 ｆ =…     

Generalized generic model control of high‐purity internal thermally coupled distillation column based on nonlinear wave theory

A new model‐based control strategy for the internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is presented. Based on the nonlinear wave theory that describes the nonlinear dynamics in the separation processes, a simplified nonlinear wave model is established that concerns both the wave propagation and the profile shape. An advanced controller (WGGMC) is formulated by combining the nonlinear wave model with a generalized generic model control (GGMC). Compared with a conventional generic model controller based on a data‐driven model (TGMC), and another wave‐model based generic model controller (WGMC) developed in our previous work, WGGMC exhibits the best performances in both servo control and regulatory control. Furthermore, WGGMC can handle a very‐high‐purity system of ITCDIC with top product composition of 0.99999, while the other two controllers fail to work. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4133–4141, 2013     

Model based control of a high purity distillation column

In this paper, the problem of dual product composition control of an industrial high purity distillation column, a deisohexanizer (DIH), is addressed using a Generic Model Control framework. A dynamic simulation of the DIH was performed for preliminary studies of the performance of different controller strategies/algorithms. The performance of Generic Model Control incorporating different process models was studied. Process models are presented ranging from simple first order approximations to mechanistic short cut distillation models where a tradeoff between model complexity and model adaptivity is investigated. The different controllers were implemented and compared using a dynamic simulation of an industrial deisohexanizer (DIH) to select the best condidate controller. A controller using a nonlinear process model emerged as the best controller and was implemented on the actual process, resulting in improved performance over the original controller. Simulation results and industrial plant data are presented.     

Adaptive generalised predictive control of high purity internal thermally coupled distillation column

Internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in the energy‐saving distillation researches. One of the bottlenecks to prevent the column from being commercialised is the difficulty in control design due to the high sensitivity to disturbances, strong asymmetric nonlinearity and inverse response especially under high purity. An adaptive multivariable generalised predictive control (AM‐GPC) strategy of ITCDIC process is proposed to solve the difficulties in high purity. The simulation results of AM‐GPC are compared with single input and single output GPC (S‐GPC), multivariable GPC (M‐GPC), modified IMC (M‐IMC) and traditional PID control in detail. The performances confirm the accuracy and validity of AM‐GPC for the high‐purity ITCDIC process. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

基于集合算法的高纯度精馏塔分段建模方法

多级汽液平衡过程的严格模型变量维数高,用于构建优化命题时不易收敛且计算速度较慢。采用集合算法中基于吸收因子和理论塔板数计算全塔段组分回收率的组分分配特征方程代替逐板相平衡,加入物料衡算等基本方程与若干简化关系匹配模型自由度,建立可用于联立计算的逐段降维GM模型。同时根据高纯度精馏塔吸收因子沿塔分布的强非线性特征,提出分段线性拟合求解组分回收率的线性GM模型。以空分装置的粗氩塔为例进行高纯度精馏塔的严格模型、降维GM模型和线性GM模型的对比计算。结果表明,降维GM模型的计算变量由逐板模型的2377个减少到34个,同样平台下收敛时间由6136 s缩短至1 s左右,而关键组分纯度模拟与严格机理模型一致。     

Adaptive Robust Generic Model Control of High‐Purity Internal Thermally Coupled Distillation Column

The internal thermally coupled distillation column (ITCDIC) is a frontier in energy‐saving distillation research. The process inside a high‐purity ITCDIC is of great nonlinear dynamics, which trouble the conventional control schemes. A multivariable adaptive robust generic model control (ARGMC) is presented to solve the difficulties, where an ARX model is derived and a recursive least squares estimation (RLSE) method is introduced. The benzene/toluene system is studied as an illustrative example. The results of ARGMC are compared with the robust generic model control (RGMC) and traditional PID control in detail. The performances in both servo control and regulatory control confirm the accuracy and validity of ARGMC for the high‐purity ITCDIC process.     

超细高纯石英粉生产过程中纯度在线检测与调控

主要介绍了生产线上对石英粉纯度实施检测与调控的技术路线和方法。根据提纯工艺具体要求,按有代表性的杂质元素建立纯度随时间变化规律的数学模型,根据在线检测的工艺参数与控制工艺参数的对比,及时调控连续精提纯生产的工艺参数,以达到产品参数指标的要求和稳定性。该方法在高纯超细熔融石英粉生产线中完成了工业化应用。产品主要的性能指标已实际达到:SiO2≥99.9%,Na ≤1×10-6(实际达:0.2×10-6),Cl-≤1×10-6(实际达:0.3×10-6),Fe3 ≤1×10-6(实际小于1×10-6达0.58×10-6),电导率≤3μs/cm(实际可达:0.9μs/cm)。     

工业甲醇制备高纯甲醇的间歇精馏模拟与实验

针对工业甲醇制备高纯甲醇的常规间歇精馏过程,建立了恒摩尔持液模型,采用两点隐含和组分衡算相结合的方法进行了求解。模拟分析了影响高纯甲醇收率的产品段回流比、前馏分段回流比和前馏分采出量等因素,并通过实验验证了模型的准确性和可靠性。在实验与模拟计算的基础上,确定了工业甲醇制备高纯甲醇的最佳工艺条件为:总理论板数NT=35,前馏分段回流比R1=10,前馏分的馏出量为原料甲醇投料体积的15%,产品段回流比R2=5,此时产品单程收率为57.1%。     

高纯碳酸锶粒径的评价方法与生产控制手段

介绍了直接观察法、沉降法、激光法、小孔通过法、吸附法、压缩密度法等几种高纯碳酸锶颗粒粒度的评价方法。指出通过控制化合加料速度、热解及陈化可以控制产品粒径和质量，为高纯碳酸锶生产中的粒径控制提供了多种方法。评价方法与生产控制手段，为高纯碳酸锶生产中的粒径控制提供了多条途径。     

热偶精馏过程的优化计算及控制

建立了TCS热偶精馏过程优化设计的数学模型，编制了逐板计算的计算机程序，根据严格逐板计算的结果，运用差分法求出灵敏度系数，对TCS热偶精馏进行了灵敏度分析，确定灵敏板的位置即找到最优控制点，在此基础上选择最优控制方案，实现TCS热偶精馏塔的最优设计。对苯-甲苯-乙苯物系进行了优化设计，提出了本流程最优控制方案。