Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金钎焊接头力学性能

为实现Al2O3陶瓷与可伐合金的可靠连接,分析影响接头力学性能的因素,测试了Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金钎焊接头的抗剪强度,通过光学显微镜、SEM及EDS对断口形貌、成分进行分析,确定了断裂路径.研究表明,钎焊温度为900 ℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头抗剪强度最高,达144 MPa.此时,断裂大部分发生在Al2O3陶瓷/钎料界面处,小部分发生在界面中的TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物层.钎焊温度升高,保温时间延长时,界面上出现大量的TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物,界面性能弱化,断裂发生在TiFe2、TiNi3金属间化合物层,造成Al2O3陶瓷/AgCuTi/可伐合金接头连接强度降低.     

等离子弧喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层低温抗热震性能的研究

为研究等离子弧喷涂Al2O3陶瓷涂层的低温抗热震性能,对不同结构的涂层进行了600 ℃低温热震试验,并分析、探讨了涂层的热震失效机制.结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷涂层低温下热震失效是由层间裂纹或层内裂纹引起的.对于单一Al2O3涂层,涂层与基体的界面是最薄弱处,层间裂纹的萌生及扩展导致涂层自界面处脱落;对于有FeCrAl金属过渡层的涂层,层内粒子间的结合是最薄弱处,层内片层间裂纹的萌生、扩展导致涂层局部脱落.在陶瓷工作层与基体间增加金属过渡层可有效地缓和涂层界面处的热应力,阻碍裂纹的形成及扩展,从而提高涂层的抗热震性能.     

A12O3陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

介绍了Al2O3陶瓷增韧技术和A12O3陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的研究进展,指出复合增韧是未来A12O3认陶瓷增韧技术的发展方向;金属表面自生Al2O3防护层技术是提高金属耐蚀性,降低成本的有效方法;三维网络Al2O3陶瓷/金属复合材料具有更优良的力学性能;仿生设计和计算机模拟技术是开发新型网络Al2O3陶瓷骨架的重要手段.     

超重力辅助燃烧合成Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃/Y3Al5O12陶瓷梯度复合材料

以超重力场辅助燃烧合成技术制备了呈梯度分布的Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2透明玻璃/Y3Al5O12陶瓷梯度复合材料.结果表明,梯度布置两种组分的原料既可防止下层熔体的喷溅,又能提高上层玻璃的透过率.该梯度材料沿超重力方向依次为YAS透明玻璃层、YAS-YAG玻璃陶瓷层和YAG陶瓷层.     

A12O3陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

介绍了Al2O3陶瓷增韧技术和A12O3陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的研究进展,指出复合增韧是未来A12O3认陶瓷增韧技术的发展方向;金属表面自生Al2O3防护层技术是提高金属耐蚀性,降低成本的有效方法;三维网络Al2O3陶瓷/金属复合材料具有更优良的力学性能;仿生设计和计算机模拟技术是开发新型网络Al2O3陶瓷骨架的重要手...     

AZ31B镁合金表面自蔓延反应火焰喷涂Al_2O_3基陶瓷层的组织结构及性能

为了提高火焰喷涂Al2O3基陶瓷涂层的致密度、结合强度和耐磨性,将铝热剂Al/CuO加入氧化铝钛粉(AT)陶瓷骨料中,采用自蔓延(SHS)反应火焰喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了Al2O3基复相陶瓷层,并对涂层的组织结构、致密度、抗热震性、结合强度和耐磨性进行了测试,分析了铝热剂对陶瓷层性能的影响。结果表明:与普通火焰喷涂制备的AT陶瓷层相比,SHS反应火焰喷涂制备的Al2O3基陶瓷层内部有Cu2+1O,Cu3TiO5,Al等新相生成,具有良好的致密度、结合强度和显微硬度,其耐磨性较普通火焰喷涂AT层提高较多。     

氧化铝陶瓷与低碳钢钎焊接头的界面反应

采用真空保护下的活性金属钎焊法对95%(质量分数)氧化铝陶瓷与低碳钢进行了钎焊,所用钎料为Ag-Cu-Ti3活性钎料.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)对界面的反应产物进行了物相分析,并用能谱仪(EDAX)分析了界面元素组成.结果表明,钎焊接头界面的反应十分复杂,反应产物多种多样,主要是Ti3Cu3O,Ti3A1,TiMn,TiFe2,TiC等物质,界面的反应层按A12O3陶瓷/Ti3Cu3O/Ti3Al TiMn TiFe2 Ag(s,s) Cu(s,s)/TiC/低碳钢的规律过渡.     

激光双面区熔Al2O3/Y3Al5O12共晶自生复合陶瓷的制备与表征

采用激光区熔凝固技术制备大尺寸Al2O3/Y3Al5O12(YAG)共晶自生复合陶瓷,考察双面区熔条件下大尺寸氧化物共晶陶瓷的熔化及凝固成形规律,采用扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射对其凝固组织特征进行了表征和分析.研究结果表明:在优化的凝固工艺下,激光双面区熔增加了熔凝层的厚度,获得了熔凝层厚度8.2 mm,长度65.0 mm,致密度达98.5%±1%的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷;共晶熔凝层厚度随激光扫描速率的减小而增加,随激光功率的增大而增大,并且致密度随着激光功率的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势;双面区熔后的Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷微观组织由均一分布、相互交织的Al2O3和YAG共晶相组成,共晶层片间距较小(1.0~3.5μm),且与凝固速度满足Jackson-Hunt公式;共晶间距随扫描速率的增大逐渐减小;双面区熔界面处共晶组织生长具有连续性,界面结合良好;共晶陶瓷的Vickers硬度为(18.6±1.0)GPa.     

燃烧合成TiC-Al2O3/Fe梯度材料及其抗热震行为

采用自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压（SHS／PHIP）制备出了具有对称结构的TiC-Al2O3/Fe梯度材料,并对其抗热冲击及抗热疲劳行为进行了测试和分析,结果表明,SHS／PHIP制备的TiC-Al2O3/Fe梯度材料具有预期的梯度式组成,在热冲击和热疲劳实验过程中均无梯度层间横向贯穿裂缝,克服了传统陶瓷／金属直接接合界面的热应力剥落。     

致密 TiC-Al2O3复合陶瓷材料的自蔓延高温合成

本文通过自蔓延高温合成结合准热等静压法(SHS/PHIP)制崐备出了致密度为97.2%的TiC-Al2O3复合陶瓷. 分析了合成产物的结构、组织和性能. 结果表明,复合陶瓷由近乎球形的TiC颗粒和不规则的Al2O3相组成,TiC与Al2O3之间的界面光滑. TiC-Al2O3复合陶瓷的抗弯强度和硬度分别为510MPa和17.8GPa.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

可燃气体检测报警器测量结果的不确定度评定

本文详细介绍了可燃气体检测报警器示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定方法。     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。     

心电图机电压测量示值误差测量值的不确定度评定

本文介绍了心电图机电压测量示值误差测量值的不确定度评定与表示方法。     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.