Effect of various dietary fats and proteins on serum cholesterol level in rats

A 60 day experiment on growing rats was performed to evaluate the effect of two protein sources (casein and soybean protein isolate) and four fats (olive oil, OO; evening primrose oil, EO; linseed oil, LO; and butter, B) on plasma lipoprotein fractions: total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels. The different protein and fat sources had no influence on body weight gain of rats. Fats had no significant effect on TC and LDL‐C. Significant differences were found only in HDL‐C. OO gave the lowest (43.3 mg dl^?1) and EO the highest (54.4 mg dl^?1) value. Proteins had a significant influence on all lipids analysed. Soybean protein caused higher TC (78.5 vs 67.9 mg dl^?1), HDL‐C and TAG levels but significantly lowered LDL‐C in the plasma of rats. These results suggest that protein has a stronger effect on cholesterol level than fat. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

紫苏油对大鼠降血脂的量效时效研究

为了研究紫苏油对大鼠降血脂功能的量效和时效,实验以高脂饲料造型高血脂大鼠,饲喂不同剂量的紫苏油饲料,分别建立血清甘油三酯值(TG)和血清总胆固醇值(TC)随时间(t)变化的函数,求解其降脂极限临界值TGlimit、TClimit,再利用求得的理论值与对应的剂量建立量效函数关系,并分别对求得的各组半数有效时间(即拐点时间tc)对应剂量的变化关系进行定性分析.结果发现,紫苏油能显著降低SD大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC),函数TC-t、TG-t符合S形曲线.但各组TG、TC均不能降低到空白组的水平.利用函数TC-t、TG-t求得的极限值TGlimit、TClimit分别建立它们与紫苏油剂量的经验方程,结果TGlimit-C符合Logistic方程,TClimit-C符合线性关系.同时对紫苏油降血脂的时效关系进行了探讨.     

Fish protein decreases serum cholesterol in rats by inhibition of cholesterol and bile acid absorption

Fish protein has been shown to decrease serum cholesterol content by inhibiting absorption of cholesterol and bile acid in laboratory animals, though the mechanism underlying this effect is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of cholesterol and bile acid absorption following fish protein intake. Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 dietary groups of 7 rats each, 1 group receiving a diet consisting of 20% casein and the other receiving a diet consisting of 10% casein and 10% fish protein. Both experimental diets also contained 0.5% cholesterol and 0.1% sodium cholate. After the rats had been on their respective diets for 4 wk, their serum and liver cholesterol contents and fecal cholesterol, bile acid, and nitrogen excretion contents were measured. Fish protein consumption decreased serum and liver cholesterol content and increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion and simultaneously increased fecal nitrogen excretion. In addition, fish protein hydrolyzate prepared by in vitro digestion had lower micellar solubility of cholesterol and higher binding capacity for bile acids compared with casein hydrolyzate. These results suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of fish protein is mediated by increased fecal cholesterol and bile acid excretion, which is due to the digestion products of fish protein having reduced micellar solubility of cholesterol and increased bile acid binding capacity.     

黄酒对高血脂大鼠血清总胆固醇含量的影响

通过动物实验，对黄酒的降血清胆固醇功能进行了初步研究。给雄性SD成年大鼠喂高胆固醇饲料，造成高血脂动物模型，再给模型鼠按不同剂量灌喂浓缩的黄酒。结果显示，黄酒浓缩物具有降血清胆固醇的作用。     

The correlation between serum total cholesterol and some trace elements in serum,liver and heart of rats fed high cholesterol diet

The work indicates the link between the serum cholesterol, atherosclerosis and certain metal metabolism. 122 adult albino rats were used in this study and classified into 5 groups: Control group, 29 rats fed the stock diet; group I, 32 rats fed the stock diet with 1 % cholesterol for 6 weeks; group II, 36 rats fed the stock diet with 1 % cholesterol for 8 weeks; group III_A, 17 rats fed the stock diet and 0.2 ml oil/day orally for 8 weeks and group III_B, 18 rats fed the stock diet and 0.2 ml oil with cholesterol daily (50 mg cholesterol/1 ml oil) for 8 weeks. The results obtained showed that: 1. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and serum copper, cadmium and Cd/Zn ratio, whereas a negative correlation occurred between serum total cholesterol and serum Zinc and Zn/Cu ratio. 2. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and cadmium, Zn/Cu and Cd/Zn ratio in liver. On the other hand, a negative correlation occurred between serum total cholesterol and copper in liver. 3. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and Zn/Cu ratio in heart which was negative in heart copper, cadmium and Cd/Zn ratio. Histopathological examination of liver sections of animals treated with cholesterol revealed the presence of mild degree of fatty change, while the kidney tissues showed glomerular lesion in the form of obliteration of Bowman's capsule with increased cellularity inside, beside degenerated tubules and interstitial fibrosis.     

The correlation between serum total cholesterol and some trace elements in serum, liver and heart of rats fed high cholesterol diet.

The work indicates the link between the serum cholesterol, atherosclerosis and certain metal metabolism. 122 adult albino rats were used in this study and classified into 5 groups: Control group, 29 rats fed the stock diet; group I, 32 rats fed the stock diet with 1% cholesterol for 6 weeks; group II, 36 rats fed the stock diet with 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks; group IIIA, 17 rats fed the stock diet and 0.2 ml oil/day orally for 8 weeks and group IIIB, 18 rats fed the stock diet and 0.2 ml oil with cholesterol daily (50 mg cholesterol/1 ml oil) for 8 weeks. The results obtained showed that: 1. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and serum copper, cadmium and Cd/Zn ratio, whereas a negative correlation occurred between serum total cholesterol and serum Zinc and Zn/Cu ratio. 2. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and cadmium, Zn/Cu and Cd/Zn ratio in liver. On the other hand, a negative correlation occurred between serum total cholesterol and copper in liver. 3. A positive correlation was found between serum total cholesterol and Zn/Cu ratio in heart which was negative in heart copper, cadmium and Cd/Zn ratio. Histopathological examination of liver sections of animals treated with cholesterol revealed the presence of mild degree of fatty change, while the kidney tissues showed glomerular lesion in the form of obliteration of Bowman's capsule with increased cellularity inside, beside degenerated tubules and interstitial fibrosis.     

Purple potato flake reduces serum lipid profile in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet

The effect of purple potato flake on cholesterol metabolism was investigated in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The hypocholesterolemic action of dietary purple potato flake might be related with caecal fermentation and steroid excretion due to the phosphorus and polyphenols including anthocyanin.     

Influence of qualitatively different fats on the level of cholesterol and phospholipids in the blood serum and liver on rats in choline-protein insufficiency]

The effect of lard and sunflower oil making part of a cirrhogenic ration with a high content of fat and deficient protein and choline on the level of total and esterified cholesterol and phospholipids in the blood serum and liver was studied. The experiments lasted for 150 and 210-240 days. Changes in the level of cholesterol and phospholipids in the blood serum and liver of the rats were noted to occur from the first days of developing fat dystrophy (fatty degeneration) of the liver, these changes gaining in intensity with lengthening of the test periods and progressive development of the pathological process. The quality of the fat influenced the extent of the upset cholesterol and phospholipids metabolism, since the saturated fat which accelerated and intensified the development of lipohepatosis and cirrhosis caused a significantly greater accumulation of the cholesterol ethers in the liver and reduction of these ethers, as well as of phospholipids in the serum. An addition of choline to the rations prevented the development of lipohepatosis, but failed to avert upsets of the lipids metabolism.     

Rye bread reduces plasma cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic pigs when compared to wheat at similar dietary fibre level

BACKGROUND: Rye is a whole‐grain cereal with the potential of contributing to a healthy diet, but research on rye in relation to chronic diseases is scarce compared to wheat and oats. In this study, a total of 17 hypercholesterolaemic pigs were fed high‐fat high‐cholesterol rye (n = 9) or wheat‐based buns (n = 8) with similar dietary fibre (DF) content for 9–10 weeks to study the effect on cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Ingestion of rye bread resulted in a 40% lower plasma total and LDL cholesterol compared to the wheat group, whereas HDL cholesterol, insulin and glucose concentrations were not affected by dietary treatments. Intestinal viscosity was 7.2 times higher, and organic matter and fat digestibility significantly reduced in the pigs fed rye buns. The hepatic expression of the cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) was lower in rye‐fed pigs, whereas four other key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were not affected. Plasma cholesterol correlated inversely with intestinal viscosity and organic matter digestibility. CONCLUSION: The ability of DF from rye to interfere with digestion and absorption is more important for whole‐body cholesterol homeostasis than regulation in the liver at gene level. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Decrease in serum total cholesterol and increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in rats following moderate intake of sherry

Moderate intake of sherry by rats resulted in a decrease in serum total cholesterol and an increase in the proportion of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Oloroso, manzanilla, fino and amontillado sherries all exerted similar effects. These effects were apparently not related to the ethanol content, since an aqueous solution of ethanol did not modify cholesterol levels. Therefore other compounds must be responsible for the effects observed. This paper shows that, in addition to typical red and white wines, sherries should be included in the list of wines with beneficial physiological effects following moderate consumption. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of leaf protein concentrate from red clover on plasma cholesterol level in rats

The effect of native and defatted leaf protein concentrate (LPC) from red clover on plasma cholesterol level in rats was studied. Fat-free casein was used as a control protein. The native LPC contained 212 g kg^?1 of ether extract and oleic acid (C_{18: 1}) was its main fatty acid. LPC protein was relatively poor in sulphur-containing amino acids. Each protein studied was given to rats with or without soya bean oil. It was found that total cholesterol level in plasma of rats fed with the oil-containing diets was higher than that of rats fed with the oil-free diets. Original fat present in the native LPC though rich in unsaturated fatty acids had no hypocholesterolaemic effect. LPC was hypocholesterolaemic compared with casein in diets not containing added soya bean oil, although the difference did not reach statistical significance.     

植物乳杆菌DMDL 9010制剂调控SD大鼠脂质水平的研究

探讨植物乳杆菌DMDL 9010(Lactobacillus plantarum DMDL 9010)对SD大鼠脂质水平的影响。以无菌水、1 mg/mL阿托伐他汀水溶液、高剂量(10⁹ CFU/mL)和低剂量(10⁷ CFU/mL)L. plantarum DMDL 9010菌悬液连续灌胃SD大鼠10周,监测大鼠体重和血清、肝脏、粪便的脂质水平变化。结果显示:高剂量(10⁹ CFU/mL)L.plantarum DMDL 9010能显著降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)(23.03%)、低密度脂蛋白(28.00%)和动脉硬化指数(34.04%)(p<0.05),显著降低大鼠肝脏TC(33.20%)和甘油三酯(TG)(40.86%)(p<0.05),增加粪便TC(31.07%)和胆汁酸(TBA)(70.18%)排泄(p<0.05),肝脏病理切片观察表明,L. plantarum DMDL 9010能改善肝细胞脂肪变性。得出L. plantarum DMDL 9010以剂量依赖的方式降低血清和肝脏的TC和TG,提高粪便TC和TBA排泄,从而有效调控其脂质水平,为开发预防和治疗高胆固醇血症的益生菌制剂提供了可能。     

Effect of pre‐germination time of brown rice on serum cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolaemic rats

BACKGROUND: Brown rice is unpolished rice with immeasurable benefits for human health. Brown rice (BR) and pre‐germinated brown rice (PGBR) are known to contain various functional compounds such as γ‐oryzanol, dietary fibre and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present study, the experimental diets containing BR and PGBR (24, 48 h pre‐germination) were used to investigate the influence of pre‐germination time of brown rice on blood cholesterol in Sprague–Dawley male rats. RESULTS: Hypercholesterolaemia and elevation of LDL‐cholesterol were successfully ameliorated by the experimental diets containing BR and PGBR (24 and 48 h pre‐germination). As compared to the control sample, the pre‐germination time had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on blood cholesterol of Sprague–Dawley male rats. It was also found that the significantly (P < 0.05) better effect on lipid profile of hypercholesterolaemic rats was observed by prolonging the pre‐germination time. As compared to non‐germinated brown rice, the germinated brown rice showed the higher cardio‐protective effect on hypercholesterolaemic Sprague–Dawley male rats. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the changes of blood cholesterol can be mainly modulated by using the PGBR rather than BR. The prolonging of pre‐germination time led to an increase in the bioactive components, thereby providing a more efficient functional diet affecting the high blood cholesterol. This study suggests that PGBR can be used instead of BR and polished rice in the human diet. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of garlic on serum cholesterol,serum triglycerides,serum total lipids and serum glucose in human subjects

Human subjects were used for a garlic experiment. The subjects were given a fat-rich diet for 7 days and on the 8th day the fasting blood was analyzed for serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum total lipids and serum glucose. The human subjects were then given a fat-rich diet with 40 g of garlic for 7 days and on the 15th day the fasting blood was analyzed for the above investigations. On a fat-rich diet the serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum total lipids were significantly increased as compared to normally fed diet. When 40 g of garlic was substituted in fat-rich diet for 7 days, the garlic significantly reduced the serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides.     

发酵型八渡笋对高脂大鼠血脂水平的影响

为研究发酵型八渡笋调节血脂的作用 ,观察了发酵型八渡笋对高脂血症大鼠血清脂质的影响。分别在高脂饲料中加入 2 5 %、5 0 %、10 0 %的发酵型八渡笋为八渡笋低、中、高剂量组。实验周期 4周 ,测定血清中总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)的水平。结果显示发酵型八渡笋各实验组大鼠血清中TC水平明显低于高脂饲料对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。各实验组血清TG水平与高脂饲料对照组比较均有降低 ,但差异无显著性。提示发酵型八渡笋有降低高脂大鼠血清TC水平的作用 ,对甘油三酯的影响有待进一步研究