Making sense of card sorting data

Abstract: Among the knowledge elicitation techniques card sorting is notable for its simplicity of use, its focus on subjects' terminology (rather than that of external experts) and its ability to elicit semi‐tacit knowledge. Card sorting involves categorizing a set of pictures, objects or labelled cards into distinct groups using a single criterion. This paper focuses on the challenges associated with analyzing the data that result from card sorts, especially when large data sets are generated. Traditional semantic analysis methods that require direct researcher interpretation of elicited linguistic terms are distinguished from methods that are purely syntactic, and hence can be automated. Each paper within this special issue is summarized and its contribution to card sorting in general, and data analysis in particular, is highlighted. The set of novel computational techniques presented in several of the papers in this issue is examined. The paper concludes by noting that even large‐scale data sets can be meaningfully analysed by combining well‐known interpretative methods with the new computational approaches presented within this special issue.     

PCIE数据采集系统的驱动程序开发

为了提高数据传输速度和准确性,研制了一套基于PCIE接口的数据采集系统。该系统运用了模块化设计思路,包括数据接收卡、数据传输卡和软件驱动三部分。简要介绍了自行研制的数据采集卡的基本原理和构成,重点研究了在Windows XP系统环境下利用DriverStudio开发PCIE设备驱动程序的主要方法步骤、DMA方式进行数据传输和事件通知的实现方法。经过上位机测试,该系统稳定可靠,所开发的驱动程序完全可以实现数据的高速传输。     

基于交通一卡通大数据的停车应用系统研究

随着我国经济的快速增长和城市化进程的加快,交通出行需求的车辆越来越多。为解决城市停车难问题,提升交通车辆出行的效率,通过建设基于交通一卡通大数据的互联网停车系统,为车主提供行车附近实时的停车位情况,以实现车位的预订与支付等应用功能,从而有效节省车主盲目寻找车位所耗费的时间,实现车位资源与停车需求的匹配功能,还可以通过挖掘一卡通刷卡数据实现对停车位闲置信息的共享与信息发布,进一步提升城市道路及城市管理资源的利用效率。     

Personal bankruptcy prediction by mining credit card data

A personal bankruptcy prediction system running on credit card data is proposed. Personal bankruptcy, which usually results in significant losses to creditors, is a rapidly increasing yet little understood phenomenon. The most commonly used methods in personal bankruptcy prediction are credit scoring models. Some data mining models have also been investigated in this domain. Neither the scoring models nor the existing data mining methods adequately take sequence information in credit card data into account. In our system, sequence patterns, obtained by developing sequence mining techniques and applying them to credit card data from one major Canadian bank, are employed as main predictors. The mined sequence patterns, which we refer to as bankruptcy features, are represented in low-dimensional vector space. From the new feature space, which can be extended with some existing prediction-capable features (e.g., credit score), a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is built to combine these mined and already existing features. Our system is readily comprehensible and demonstrates promising prediction performance.     

基于PCI数据采集卡的高速多通道数据采集系统

针对数据采集系统设计要求具有精度高、速度快、路数多的特点,根据成本要求,采用DAQ-2010数据采集卡和CPLD等硬件完成了测试系统的搭建工作,介绍了系统的工作原理和开发思路,描述了系统软件的开发和功能。在实际应用中整个系统稳定可靠,取得了良好效果。     

一种改进的智能卡数据传输安全策略

针对传统智能卡进行数据传输时仅支持单一模式的缺点,提出一种改进的基于模式控制字的数据传输安全策略。此模式控制字支持多种数据传输模式,数据可以采用明文、密文、明文MAC、密文MAC中的任一种方式进行传输,并通过基本文件(包含透明文件、线性文件)的读、写模式控制字,来规定文件进行读、写操作需要满足的传输安全条件。同时,还提出使用禁止添加、或禁止更新这两种写属性来限制基本文件的写入方式。用户可以根据自己的需求,将同一文件的读命令,和写命令采用的传输方式设置成不一样,从而选择不同的数据传输方式,进而提高数据传输的灵活性和安全性。     

基于公共交通智能卡数据的可视化分析

针对现有公共交通数据的可视分析方法很难在不同空间粒度下对乘客时空分布、客流时空分布、区域间客流时序变化进行多任务分析的问题,设计实现了一个多视图融合的可视化分析系统。该系统结合城市公共交通的智能卡数据、车辆GPS数据、地铁和公交线路信息,利用出行链路模型和基于出行时空特征的回归模型完成了乘客起讫点（origin-destination,OD）推断;然后,设计了层次聚类的地图可视化方法,结合了融合方位信息的玫瑰图和动态对比堆叠折线流图来分析各区域间的客流时序特点、关联关系;最后,利用真实的深圳市公共交通数据的可视分析结果验证了系统的有效性。     

一种USB接口的数据采集卡的设计

随着电子信息技术和计算机技术的高速发展,数据采集应用越来越广泛。提出了一种基于USB接口的数据采集卡的设计解决方案。采用PIC16F886单片机为主控制芯片,PDIUSBD12为USB的接口芯片。给出了采集卡的设计整体框图,并介绍了采集卡的硬件电路设计以及固件程序设计。所设计的USB接口的数据采集卡电路简单、性能稳定,支持即插即用。     

基于FPGA的PMC数据采集卡的设计

为了提高数据采集系统中信号采集、处理、传输的实时性及可靠性,分别以AD9248为ADC、以AD5547为DAC,设计了一种基于PMC规范的数据采集卡。结合PMC载板上高效的FPGA算法,设计出一款实时性强、可靠性高的多路智能采集卡。经测试使用,各项性能指标均达到要求,已投入实际应用中。     

Transit smart card data mining for passenger origin information extraction

The automated fare collection(AFC) system,also known as the transit smart card(SC) system,has gained more and more popularity among transit agencies worldwide.Compared with the conventional manual fare collection system,an AFC system has its inherent advantages in low labor cost and high efficiency for fare collection and transaction data archival.Although it is possible to collect highly valuable data from transit SC transactions,substantial efforts and methodologies are needed for extracting such data because most AFC systems are not initially designed for data collection.This is true especially for the Beijing AFC system,where a passenger’s boarding stop(origin) on a flat-rate bus is not recorded on the check-in scan.To extract passengers’ origin data from recorded SC transaction information,a Markov chain based Bayesian decision tree algorithm is developed in this study.Using the time invariance property of the Markov chain,the algorithm is further optimized and simplified to have a linear computational complexity.This algorithm is verified with transit vehicles equipped with global positioning system(GPS) data loggers.Our verification results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is effective in extracting transit passengers’ origin information from SC transactions with a relatively high accuracy.Such transit origin data are highly valuable for transit system planning and route optimization.     

基于PCI的FTIR光谱仪数据采集系统

傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱仪在环境监测、国防、石油化工等领域有着广泛的应用.采用基于PCI总线的多功能数据采集卡DAQ2005,配合外围处理电路,设计与实现了FFIR光谱仪的数据采集系统,实现了对FTIR光谱仪干涉信号的采集与处理.     

基于数据仓库的银行卡统计系统

分析了数据仓库的特点,并根据银行卡统计系统的业务需求给出了其系统结构和数据仓库模型,最后指出了其关键技术及实现方法。     

基于VHDL的PCI总线数据采集卡的研究

提出了应用VHDL语言实现PCI数据采集卡的设计方法,对PCI总线主模式控制器的结构、时毙蚝蚖indows XP环境下PCI设备WDM驱动程序的开发进行了研究;在单片FPGA中实现了A/D转换器的时序控制、FIFO存储器和PCI总线接口控制器的设计.仿真结果表明,该数据采集卡符合PCI 2.2协议,具有DMA传输功能.     

基于LabVIEW的AC1077数据采集卡的驱动

数据采集是用LabVIEW开发虚拟仪器的关键,但所用的数据采集卡必须有NI公司提供的驱动的程序,因而大大限制了通用数据采集卡的使用。本文介绍了LabVIEW环境下AC1077数据采集卡驱动程序的开发,实验表明,效果良好,满足测试要求。     

基于LVDS技术的远程数据传输延展卡的设计

针对信号长距离传输的要求,设计了一种基于LVDS技术的远程数据传输延展卡。利用均衡器CLC014将双绞线接收端衰减后的LVDS信号恢复增强,通过光纤接口模块将数据无缝转发至几千米远的距离。重点介绍了奇校验与双重计数器消抖相结合的防指令误判技术,并解决了LVDS接口时钟与采集速率的匹配,以及光纤接口LVDS芯片连续传输"FF"数据易失锁的问题。大量实验证明,该延展卡传输性能稳定,且传输几千米距离无误码无丢数,现已投入工程应用中。     

SD卡在记录汽车CAN总线数据中的应用

提出了用SD卡来实现记录汽车CAN总线数据的设计,介绍了基于LPC2368的SD卡FAT文件系统的实现方法,并给出了该设计的硬件接口与软件实现,阐述了SD卡应用于大容量数据记录的优点.     

无线数据卡辐射杂散抑制方法研究

无线数据卡为笔记本用户提供了方便快捷的互联网服务,但无线数据卡在工作时如果其辐射杂散指标过高将会影响到网络安全及其他用户和设备。在分析屏蔽原理的基础上,采用屏蔽措施来抑制无线数据卡辐射杂散,通过测试,验证了该措施的有效性。