氨纶纬编导电针织物纵向电力学性能

为探讨氨纶纬编导电织物在纵向拉伸时的电力学性能,采用锦纶/氨纶包芯纱和镀银导电纱线,经提花针织圆机编织了横列数为160,纵行数分别为24、48和74的3种不同组织结构的弹性纬编导电织物,并测试了该导电织物在拉伸状态下的电阻变化,分析其组织结构与纵行数对纬编导电织物电力学性能的影响。结果表明:在沿线圈纵行方向拉伸情况下,纬编导电织物呈现的电力学性能与经编导电织物相似,且横列数相同时,纵行数越少的导电织物灵敏度越好;横列数与纵行数相同时,纬平针织物的灵敏度最好,1+1罗纹织物次之,2+1罗纹织物最差。     

针织物柔性传感器的传感性能探讨

以镀银锦纶导电纱线作为面纱的添纱组织,制备了针织物柔性传感器试样。采用定伸长拉伸及储存式万用电表同步记录试样的电阻变化。研究了传感器的电阻与应变的关系及反复拉伸电阻的重复性。试验结果表明对于传感区域来说,在横列数相同的情况下,电阻随纵行数的增加而线性增加;在纵行数相同的情况下,电阻随横列数的减少而线性增加,电阻与应变的拟合曲线斜率也具有同样的规律。针织物柔性传感器的线性度、灵敏度和重复性能够满足作为传感器的要求。     

经编导电针织物的应变-电阻传感性能

为探讨经编导电织物的应变-电阻传感性能,将镀银锦纶与氨纶或涤纶在特里科经编机上采用两梳交织,制备了具有不同组织结构的4种经编导电织物,测试了4种织物在拉伸条件下的电阻变化,得到经编导电织物的电阻随应变的变化规律,分析了组织结构以及氨纶弹性对经编针织柔性导电织物的应变-电阻传感性能的影响。结果表明:所选镀银锦纶导电纤维具有良好的可编织性;非弹性经编导电织物的电阻随应变的增加呈现先减小,再趋于平稳,最后略有上升的趋势;非弹性经编导电织物随着镀银纱线延展线长度的增加,造成小应变下的灵敏度增加;弹性经编导电织物呈现出电阻随应变的增加先增加再减少最终趋于平稳的趋势。     

线圈转移对导电弹性针织柔性传感器的电-力学性能影响

为了理论指导弹性纬平针织物柔性传感器的设计,本文基于针织物的线圈结构对导电镀银纱弹性针织物的电-机械性能建立了电阻六角模型,并研究了电阻和导电针织物张力的关系,通过求解导电针织物电路方程组得到其等效电阻。研究结果表明：导电针织物电路是综合串联和并联的复杂电路网;沿纵行方向,它是一个并联电路;沿横列方向,它是一个串联电路。为了简化计算过程,只需要计算m横列╳1纵列线圈的等效电阻。从理论分析和实验研究可得,线圈纱段转移引起了导电弹性针织柔性传感器的电阻变化,并且是引起传感器灵敏度的关键因素;针织物的电阻随应变的增加而线性增加。此外,接触电阻、织物结构和纱线伸长也影响针织物传感器的性能。     

针织间隔导电织物的压力电阻传感性能

为了研究针织间隔导电织物的压阻传感性能,将镀银锦纶与锦纶/氨纶包覆纱在无缝成型内衣机上进行编织,制备了3种纬编导电织物,将其与经编间隔织物结合,测试并得到了电阻随应变的变化规律,分析了导电区域面积及压缩方式对电阻-应变传感性能的影响。结果显示:压缩面呈平面时,压缩过程分为电阻随应变的增加先缓慢减小、再急速下降两个阶段;曲面压缩时,压缩过程分为电阻微弱减小、缓慢上升、急剧下降三个阶段,其中曲面压缩阶段Ⅲ和平面压缩阶段Ⅱ均具有较好的线性度和灵敏度,且前者灵敏度优于后者;当传感面积为35 mm×35 mm,且从织物横列方向进行曲面压缩电阻的测量时,传感器的综合传感性能最佳。     

经编导电织物弹性对传感性能的影响

为探讨经编导电织物弹性与传感性能的关系,将镀银基锦纶纱线作为导电纱线分别与氨纶包覆纱线和氨纶裸丝在特里科经编机上交织,制备了具有不同弹性的3种经编导电织物。测试了3种织物在一定拉伸范围内的应力大小与电阻变化,并根据实验数据计算出弹性性能和静态评价指标,得出弹性与传感性能的关系。结果表明:弹性导电织物的电阻随应变呈线性变化,原料越粗则电阻变化的速度越快;弹性模量随着织物弹力的增大而减小,弹性伸长与织物弹力的大小成正相关;在中小应变范围内,弹性模量越低、弹性伸长越大的导电织物传感性能越优。     

聚苯胺涂层经编织物的应变传感性能及其在呼吸监测中的应用

为制备呼吸监测智能服装用针织结构柔性传感器,首先通过等离子体对双经平结构的涤纶经编织物进行预处理,然后利用原位聚合法进行导电处理,分析了导电经编织物的微观结构与导电性能、应变-电阻传感性能,并探讨了其在呼吸监测智能内衣中的应用。结果表明：原位聚合法导电处理可赋予涤纶经编织物良好的导电性能,织物的电阻率较未处理时降低了约11个数量级;导电经编织物具有良好的应变-电阻传感性能,往复拉伸后电阻变化保持稳定,在6%和10%的应变条件下,其敏感因子分别为6和4左右;导电经编织物传感器具备良好的人体呼吸监测能力,不仅能记录呼吸的发生,还可监测呼吸的频率及强度。     

柔性应变传感针织物的研究进展

针织物具有良好的延伸性和弹性,适于制备柔性应变传感器。对近几年国内外电阻式柔性应变传感针织物的研究进行综述,总结针织物柔性传感器的制备材料和方法,包括基于导电金属材料、基于导电高聚物、基于纳米碳材料的传感针织物,并研究分析组织结构对织物传感性能的影响。该研究为应变传感针织物的材料选择和结构设计提供参考。     

涂碳纤维导电针织物的结构设计及其传感性能

为开发传感性能稳定且能满足人体穿着舒适性的织物型传感器,选择柔性涂碳导电复合丝,采用纬平和1+1罗纹针织结构制造了织物传感器的雏形。通过对导电针织物样本的反复拉伸,寻找织物电阻的变化与织物拉伸形变之间的关系,并分析导电针织物的导电和传感性能。结果表明:在拉伸力作用下,随着伸长率的增加,涂碳纤维导电针织物的电阻逐渐减小,电阻变化近似于开口向上的抛物线左侧曲线;4种导电针织物中,灵敏度最高为1.52,纬平结构针织物的灵敏度高于1+1罗纹织物,并股纱线针织物比加捻纱线针织物灵敏度高;1+1罗纹组织织物的稳定性与应力松弛特性优于纬平组织织物。     

经编网眼织物设计的数学描述

经编网眼织物设计的研究都只是进行规律性概括,缺乏从数学角度进行描述。为此,对变化经平类网眼织物进行分类,并针对不同种变化经平类网眼织物的设计方法进行了探讨,建立了经编网眼织物穿经循环纵行数、组织循环横列数与垫纱组织、最大垫纱数码及基础组织针数等参数的数学关系,并在已知穿经循环针数,组织循环针数,移针针数等条件情况下,通过简单计算判断网眼织物分布类型以及网眼位置,为该类网眼织物设计提供理论依据,有效提高设计效率。     

Effect of weft density and percentage of stainless steel fiber content of weft yarn on electrical properties of woven fabric strain sensors

Textile-based strain sensors have been used in smart textiles frequently. In this study, effect of percentage of stainless steel fiber of spun yarn (i.e. 28 and 40%) and weft density (i.e. 14, 18, and 22 per cm) of conductive yarn on performance and sensitivity of woven fabrics strain sensor under tensile cyclic loading in 3 mm elongation and also behavior of woven fabric strain sensors under simple tensile loading, was studied. Our finding showed the interaction between weft density and percentage of conductive fiber of spun yarns on performance and sensitivity of strain sensors under cyclic loading. Samples prepared by conductive yarns with 40% stainless steel fiber showed no clear cyclic variation in 18 and 22 weft per cm. This trend for samples woven with conductive yarn with 28% stainless steel fiber was only observed in 22 weft per cm. All samples showed the same trend of resistance variation during simple tensile loading, although the level of resistance variation was different. The slope of resistance variation during tensile cyclic loading confirmed plastic deformation of samples. Finally, by comparing the sensitivity of strain sensors during cyclic loading no obvious advantage was obtained for samples woven with conductive yarn with 40% stainless steel fiber compared with samples woven with conductive yarn with 28% stainless steel fiber.     

聚吡咯/银导电涤纶织物的制备及其性能

为拓展聚吡咯/银(PPy/Ag)导电涤纶织物的应用领域,在等离子体预处理涤纶织物的条件下,以硝酸银为氧化剂,采用一锅法制备PPy/Ag导电涤纶织物。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、X 射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对导电织物进行表征,通过电阻仪测试导电织物的方阻值,采用琼脂平皿法测试其抑菌效果。结果表明:制备的PPy/Ag导电涤纶织物具有良好的导电性,并对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑制作用;导电织物的导电性与等离子体预处理涤纶织物的次数呈正相关,且在等离子体预处理4次时,其方阻达到最小值0.22 kΩ/□。     

PTT纤维品种对针织物弹性的影响

用KES测试分析了PTT的短纤织物、DTY长丝织物和PTT/PET双组分并列复合长丝织物的弹性伸长率、弹性回复率、塑性变形及抗疲劳特性,并且将其性能与氨纶、普通化纤织物(涤纶、锦纶织物)进行比较发现,PTT各种形态织物的弹性伸长均比普通化纤织物的弹性伸长大,比氨纶织物的弹性伸长小;在低负荷下,其回复性能均比普通化纤织物小,塑性变形比普通化纤织物大;3种形态的PTT针织物中PTT/PET双组分并列复合长丝织物的弹性伸长最大,回复性能最好,PTT短纤织物的回复性能最差,塑性变形最大。     

集成柔性传感器无缝内衣原料与尺寸设计

研究集成柔性传感器无缝内衣的原料选择与最优尺寸设计,采用单因子控制变量以及正交试验法,选用不同地纱、面纱设计不同尺寸柔性传感器并测试其电阻大小。结果表明:以44 dtex裸氨为地纱,83 dtex涤纶色纱为扎口线,78 dtex锦纶色纱为面纱,78 dtex镀银导电纱线为添纱原料,设计柔性传感器尺寸为30个横列、40个纵行,使用适宜的编织参数,形成的无缝内衣具有优良的导电性和服用性能。     

聚多巴胺修饰还原氧化石墨烯/聚吡咯导电织物的制备及其传感响应特性

为改善导电织物导电层与织物间的界面黏附性,构建有效接触的导电网络,提升传感响应特性,采用聚多巴胺(PDA)对涤纶/氨纶针织物表面进行修饰,制备以还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和聚吡咯(PPy)为导电层的柔性传感器。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、自制KTC传感测试盒、四探针方阻测试仪、万能拉伸试验机等对导电织物进行表征与分析。结果表明：经PDA修饰后的织物与RGO/PPy间的界面黏附性有明显改善,所构建导电网络更为连续,相较于未修饰的导电织物具有更好的耐久性和耐磨性;该织物柔性传感器的拉伸范围在0%～130%之间时,灵敏度增加至39.1,响应时间为0.06 s,可准确识别人体关节运动。     

Preparation of polypyrrole coated cotton conductive fabrics

Polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics were prepared by in situ polymerization. The influences of pyrrole dosage, mole ratio of pyrrole to iron (III) chloride, reaction temperature and reaction time on the conductivity of the polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics were analyzed. The best method for preparing the polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics was determined. The structures of the conductive cotton fabrics were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that when mo1e ratio of pyrrole to iron (III) chloride was 2:1, reaction at room temperature for 1 h with a bath ratio of 1:40, the conductivity of the prepared fabric was the best with a surface resistance of 0.15 kΩ/cm. The chemical structure and the surface morphological structures of the conductive cotton fabrics were different from that of the untreated cotton fabrics. By in situ polymerization, the fiber surfaces appeared homogeneously coated with a film of polypyrrole. Importantly, the process of pyrrole polymerization is very simple. This study offers a new simple way for preparing the polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics effectively.     

An investigation about comfort and protection performances of disposable and reusable surgical gowns by objective and subjective measurements

This study was conducted to investigate comfort and microbial protection performances of two reusable and two disposable surgical gowns by subjective wear trials conducted on eight healthy Dentistry faculty students under environmental conditions suitable for a surgical operation. Protection performances of the gowns were tested by a modified bacterial resistance test. Physiological and psychological data were obtained during wear trials. All objective and subjective results were evaluated in the light of standard physical, mechanical, permeability, and resistance (thermal and water vapor) characteristics of the fabrics. According to the results, thermal comfort performance of the woven gown produced from microfiber polyester was the best according to subjective wear trial and microbial resistance test results. Disposable nonwoven gowns had lower comfort performances despite their higher permeability and lower resistance values. Moreover, chest skin temperature, arm microclimate temperature, and arm relative humidity are the physiological parameters significantly correlated with subjective comfort evaluation results.     

麂皮绒主要物理性能的灰色关联分析

针对7种不同规格的麂皮绒织物,测试其断裂强力和伸长、顶破强力、耐磨性、悬垂性、折皱回复性等性能指标,分析结构参数对其性能的影响;通过灰色关联分析,得出麂皮绒的结构参数与织物拉伸强力、耐磨性、悬垂性、抗折皱回复性的灰色关联序,为新型麂皮绒织物的设计和开发提供参考。     

织物吸湿性对织物和皮肤间动摩擦力的影响

为探明含水率不同织物与皮肤间的动摩擦力变化趋势,选取18种机织面料和9种针织面料与同一女性青年志愿者的前臂内侧皮肤进行摩擦实验,利用织物皮肤摩擦测试仪测试湿态条件下织物与皮肤间的动摩擦力。针对不同湿态条件的织物试样,采用完全浸润织物后悬挂自然晾置的方式,以织物的含水率定量表征织物的润湿程度。结果表明：相同原料的织物和皮肤间的动摩擦力变化趋势相似,反之亦然;织物含水率在10%~60%的范围内,随着织物含水率的增大,不同原料的织物与皮肤间的动摩擦力变化普遍存在先增大后减小的趋势;湿态条件下织物和皮肤间的动摩擦力达到峰值时,织物的含水率与纤维的公定回潮率存在正相关关系。