Antiobesity and lipid lowering effects of theaflavins on high-fat diet induced obese rats

Theaflavins are major polyphenols in black tea. This study investigated antiobesity and lipid lowering effects of black tea extract (BTE), a highly purified theaflavins mixture (TFs, 83.84%) and theaflavin (TF1, 93.25%) on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats. The body weight was slightly reduced by BTE and TFs (p > 0.05), and was significantly decreased by TF1 (p < 0.05) relative to the HFD control group. All samples remarkably decreased the food intake, adiposity index and the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p < 0.05), except that BTE and TF1 insignificantly decreased the TC concentration (p > 0.05). Moreover, administration of BTE, TFs and TF1 all significantly decreased atherogenic index (AI), enhanced insulin sensitive index (ISI), inhibited the hepatic lipase (HL) activity (p < 0.05), and slightly reduced leptin level in liver, decreased serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and increased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p > 0.05) as compared to that of the HFD controls. These results indicated that theaflavins were one of the functional components which contributed to the antiobesity and lipid lowering effects of black tea, and might reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese patients.     

Wild bitter gourd increased metabolic rate and up-regulated genes related to mitochondria biogenesis and UCP-1 in mice

The effects of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia, BG) on metabolic rate, mRNA expressions of UCP-1, genes related to mitochondria biogenesis and glucose homeostasis were investigated. C57BL/6J male mice were fed modified AIN-93G diets supplemented without (the Basal group) or with 5% (w/w) lyophilized BG powder (the BGP group) for 22 weeks. The BGP group had higher O₂ consumption, CO₂ production and respiratory quotient in the dark phase (p < 0.05) measured at 5th week. Compared to the Basal group, the BGP group had lower body weight and adipose mass, higher mRNA of UCP1, PGC-1α and NrF1 in white adipose tissue (p < 0.05), PGC-1α and NrF1 or tfam in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (p < 0.05) and better glucose homeostasis. These results imply that BGP might increase mitochondria biogenesis and metabolic rate, which may lead to less fat accumulation and contribute, at least in part, to the improved control of glucose homeostasis.     

Antioxidant and type II diabetes related enzyme inhibition properties of methanolic extract of an underutilized food legume,Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC: Effect of traditional processing methods

The methanolic extract of Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC (Jack bean) seed, an underutilized food legume collected from India was analyzed for antioxidant and health relevant functional properties. The raw seeds contained total free phenolic content of 12.98 ± 1.63 g catechin equivalent/100 g extract DM. The raw seed extract exhibited ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP, 1218 mmol Fe[II]/mg extract), inhibition of β-carotene degradation (49.81%), radical scavenging activity against DPPH (56.78%) and superoxide (35.89%). In addition, 77.56% of α-amylase and 75.45% of α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition characteristics were found under in vitro starch digestion bioassay. Sprouting + oil-frying caused an apparent increase on the total free phenolic content with significant improvement on antioxidant and free-radical scavenging capacity, while soaking + cooking as well as open-pan roasting treatments showed diminishing effects. Inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities were declined to 22.69 and 42.69%, respectively during sprouting + oil-frying treatment is more desirable for the dietary management of type II diabetic patients.     

Effect of green mate in overweight volunteers: A randomized placebo-controlled human study

Overweight and obesity have become a global epidemic and they may impair health. Traditional use and growing evidence indicate that mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) may be helpful in losing excessive weight and fat. The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated efficacy and safety of an extract from green mate in 60 overweight subjects aged 20–39 years during 6-weeks. Body composition was measured by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and after 6 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and various safety parameters were monitored. After 6 weeks, subjects taking mate experienced a significantly greater reduction of percent of body fat (?0.3% vs. +0.6%, p = 0.04) and fat mass (?0.5 kg vs. +0.2 kg, p = 0.04) than placebo. No significant differences were observed in other measurements. No adverse events occurred and all safety parameters were within normal ranges during the study in both groups. Thus, taking green mate extract reduced body fat after 6 weeks, while the treatment was safe and well tolerated.     

Formulation with ascorbic acid and sucrose modulates catechin bioavailability from green tea

In order to investigate the impact of common food ingredients on catechin absorption, green tea (GT) extract (50 mg) was formulated plain, with sucrose (GT + S), with ascorbic acid (GT + AA) and with sucrose and ascorbic acid (GT + S + AA). Bioavailability and bioaccessibility were assessed in Sprague Dawley rats and an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model respectively. Absorption of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in GT + S + AA formulations (AUC_0–6 h = 3237.0 and 181.8 pmol h/L plasma respectively) relative to GT control (AUC_0–6 h = 1304.1 and 61.0 pmol h/L plasma respectively). In vitro digestive recovery was higher for EGC and epicatechin (EC) (～51–53%) relative to EGCG and epicatechin gallate (ECG) (<20%) and was modestly enhanced in GT + S and GT + S + AA formulations. Accumulation of EGC, EGCG and ECG by Caco-2 cells was significantly (P < 0.05) higher from GT + S + AA compared to other formulations while retention of catechins was enhanced in presence of ascorbic acid. These data suggest that formulation with sucrose and ascorbic acid may improve catechin bioavailability by enhancing bioaccessibility and intestinal uptake from tea.     

几种茶叶提取物对高脂饮食小鼠肥胖的预防作用

目的：对绿茶提取物（green tea extract,GTE）、红茶提取物（black tea extract,BTE）、白茶提取物 （white tea extract,WTE）和白茶茶汤（white tea infusion,WTI）预防肥胖功效进行评价和对比,并对其作用机 制进行研究。方法：分别以寿眉、白琳工夫茶和安吉白茶作为绿茶、红茶和白茶的代表,制备GTE、BTE、WTE 和WTI并喂养C57BL/6J小鼠,同时给予高脂饲料。实验结束后统计体质量、脂肪湿质量,制作肝脏和脂肪组织病 理切片,测定血脂及血清转氨酶水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应测定小鼠肝脏中脂代谢相关基因表达水平。 结果：GTE和WTE可将高脂饮食引起的体质量增长分别降低22.49%和21.23%,且可显著降低脂肪湿质量和皮下 脂肪细胞直径（P＜0.05）。BTE可将体质量增长降低9.03%,但对小鼠脂肪湿质量和皮下脂肪细胞直径无显著影 响（P＞0.05）。BTE组、WTI组和模型对照组小鼠出现不同程度肝细胞脂肪变性,而GTE和WTE组小鼠肝脏状态 良好。GTE和WTE可在转录水平上改善高脂饮食引起的脂代谢紊乱。结论：本实验所选剂量条件下,GTE、BTE和 WTE对小鼠均无肝毒性和生长抑制作用。GTE和WTE可调节脂代谢相关基因的转录表达水平,增强脂肪酸氧化能 力,抑制脂肪酸合成,从而有效预防小鼠肥胖和脂肪肝的发生。GTE预防肥胖效果略优于WTE（P＞0.05）。BTE 也可预防肥胖发生,但效果不显著。另外,未发现WTI有预防高脂饮食引起的肥胖和脂肪肝发生的效果。     

Phenolic compounds from cambuci (Campomanesia phaea O. Berg) fruit attenuate glucose intolerance and adipose tissue inflammation induced by a high-fat,high-sucrose diet

Elevated intake of certain dietary components, such as phenolic compounds of fruits and vegetables, reduces the risk of developing obesity and other metabolic diseases characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation. Cambuci (Campomanesia phaea O. Berg) is a Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Forest fruit rich in phenolic compounds including ellagitannins and proanthocyanidins that were previously shown to display anti-inflammatory actions. Herein we investigated whether the administration of phenolic-rich extract from cambuci (CBC) at two different doses protects mice from diet induced obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic peripheral inflammation. In order to verify this, C57BL/6J mice fed either with a chow or a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet were daily treated by gavage with water or CBC (18 and 32 mg gallic acid equivalent, GAE/kg body weight) for 8 weeks and evaluated for body mass, adiposity, glucose tolerance, and adipose tissue inflammation. Despite the absence of changes in body weight gain and adiposity, administration of CBC at two different doses protected mice from the disarrangements in glucose homeostasis induced by HFHS feeding as evidenced by the reduced fasting glycemia and insulinemia and improved glucose tolerance featured by CBC treated mice. Along with glucose homeostasis, CBC administration also protected mice from adipose tissue inflammation induced by HFHS feeding as evidenced by the lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and macrophage markers CD11b, F4/80, and CD86 in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Furthermore, the higher dose of CBC increased plasma HDL-cholesterol while reducing LDL-cholesterol levels. Altogether, our findings indicate that phenolic compounds from cambuci have potentially beneficial actions protecting mice from HFHS diet-induced glucose intolerance and adipose tissue inflammation.     

Effects of catechin-enriched green tea beverage on visceral fat loss in adults with a high proportion of visceral fat: A double-blind,placebo-controlled,randomized trial

The effects of catechin-enriched green tea on Chinese adults with a high proportion of abdominal visceral fat were evaluated. Subjects (118) were randomly assigned to consume daily a beverage containing 609.3 mg catechins and 68.7 mg caffeine or a control beverage for 12 weeks. Abdominal fat area, body weight and composition were measured at week 0, week 8, and week 12. One hundred and four subjects completed the trial. Average visceral fat area, body weight, and body fat were reduced significantly by catechin-enriched green tea treatment but these effects were not seen in the control group with per-protocol sets analysis. The decrease at week 12 in the visceral fat area in the catechin group was greater than that in the control group (P = 0.04). Thus, consumption of the catechin-enriched green tea beverage for 12 weeks induced visceral fat loss in Chinese adults with a high proportion of abdominal visceral fat.     

New human milk fat substitutes from butterfat to improve fat absorption

A new human milk fat substitute (HMFS) was produced from butterfat. A 2-week’s feeding experiment was performed using three groups of rats with 10 wt.% fat in their feed; the fat was either (1) butterfat-based HMFS + long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), (2) the reference oil + LCPUFA, or (3) the reference oil without LCPUFA. The apparent fat absorption after intake of butterfat-based HMFS (95.9% ± 1.8%) was significantly higher than the other two groups, indicating that much less calcium soap was formed after feeding butterfat-based HMFS. Calcium contents in urines and faeces from the two groups fed LCPUFA in their diet were lower than those without supplementation of LCPUFA, suggesting that LCPUFA could improve calcium absorption by reducing the calcium excretion. It can thus be concluded that the butterfat-based HMFS improves fat absorption, and supplementation of LCPUFA in the formula improves calcium absorption.     

Milk enhances intestinal absorption of green tea catechins in in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cells model

The effect of milk on the absorption of polyphenols is still controversial so far. In order to determine the impact of milk addition on green tea catechins bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model was applied. Green tea extract (GTE) was solubilized in distilled water at 23 °C and 100 °C, combined with skimmed milk (GTE + 10% milk and GTE + 25% milk) and subjected to simulated gastric and intestinal digestion, followed by transepithelial absorption in Caco-2 cells monolayers. In the mixture with milk, gallated catechins: ECG and EGCG showed binding to milk proteins while EC and EGC seemed to have weaker affinity. Catechins were stable during gastric incubation and very sensitive to intestinal digestion. Bioaccessibility of green tea catechins brewed at 100 °C was higher than brewed at 23 °C. Catechins from digested GTE with 10% and 25% milk exhibited enhanced intestinal permeability in Caco-2 model in comparison to non-digested GTE and digested GTE without milk. Apparent permeability coefficients (P_app) of EGCG and ECG in digested GTE with 25% milk were significantly higher compared to those in GTE with 10% milk, and amounted to 2.41 × 10^− 6 cm/s and 1.39 × 10^− 6 cm/s. The recoveries of all catechins in GTE with milk in Caco-2 cells after 2 h incubation were significantly higher than that without milk. To summarize, these data suggest that milk addition may increase catechin bioavailability by enhancing their transepithelial absorption and uptake from green tea extract.     

Ability of dietary antioxidants to affect lipid oxidation of cooked turkey meat in a simulated stomach and blood lipids after a meal

Oxidized lipids that form during digestion of a meal have the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular disease. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 h during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Grape seed extract (GSE) at 0.1% of the meat weight accelerated lipid peroxide formation in SGF. Increasing concentrations of GSE decreased the ability of iron to partition into isolated microsomes. Swine trials were conducted in which cooked meat or cooked meat with added antioxidants were fed (seven meals during seven days). Lipid oxidation products were measured in chylomicrons from blood samples that were withdrawn 3 and 4 h after the last meal. Each of the antioxidant treatments that prevented lipid oxidation in SGF also inhibited formation of conjugated dienes in blood chylomicrons (P < 0.05). Mechanisms of polyphenol effects are discussed.     

Improved in vitro digestion stability of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate through nanoliposome encapsulation

(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is unstable and degraded in near-neutral or alkaline fluids. To overcome its limitation, EGCG nanoliposome (EN) was prepared by an ethanol injection method combined with dynamic high-pressure microfluidization. EN possessed good physicochemical characterizations (high entrapment efficiency = 92.1%, small average particle size = 71.7 nm, low polydispersity index = 0.286 and zeta potential = − 10.81 mv). EN exhibited a relative good sustained release property. Stability of EGCG in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was significantly improved by nanoliposome encapsulation. After 1.5 h incubating in SIF without or with pancreatin, the residual EGCG of EN was 31.2% and 47.7% respectively, but the residual EGCG in EGCG solution was only 3.4% and 3.5% respectively. The degenerations of in vitro antioxidant activities of EGCG were effectively slowed by nanoliposome encapsulation. This study expects to provide theories and practice guides for further applications of EN.     

Effect of tomato by-products in the diet of Comisana sheep on composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of milk fat

To evaluate the effect of supplementing the diet of Comisana sheep with by-products from industrial tomato manufacture on the fat composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk fat, two groups of 50 ewes each were fed either total mixed ration standard (TMRS) or total mixed ration with added tomato by-products (TMRA). Milk fat composition was determined by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). The milk fat content for the animals fed the TMRA diet increased by 6.41% (P < 0.01) after six weeks, compared with the animals fed the TMRS diet. The CLA content in the milk fat for the group of animals fed the TMRA diet was 19.8% (P < 0.05) higher than for those fed the TMRS diet, and reached 1.33 g 100 g^?1 fat, while the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content increased by a 6.43% (P < 0.05) and reached 7.12 g 100 g^?1 fat. The fatty acid composition showed an increase in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The n ? 3:n ? 6 ratio increased by 13% in the milk from sheep fed with the TMRA diet. These observations were confirmed by triglyceride analysis, which showed a decrease in the amount of short-chain (C₂₈–C₃₂) and medium-chain (C₃₄–C₄₂) triglycerides after six weeks, while the opposite was observed for the long-chain triglycerides (C₄₄–C₅₄).     

Inhibitory effects of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower-water extracts on lipase activity and diet-induced obesity

Litchi flower–water extract (LFWE) contains plenty of phenolic acids, flavonoids, condensed tannins, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. In this study, we used eight male rats per group that were assigned randomly to one of the following dietary group: (1) normal-caloric diet and distilled water; (2) hypercaloric diet (HCD) and distilled water; (3) HCD and 2.5% LFWE; (4) HCD and 5% LFWE for 10 weeks. As results, LFWEs demonstrated a suppressive (p < 0.05) effect on in vitro lipase activities; meanwhile, larger sizes of livers, perirenal and epididymal adipose tissues, and cell sizes of epididymal adipose tissues in hypercaloric-diet-fed group were decreased (p < 0.05) by drinking LFWEs, especially in 5% LFWE-treated groups. Increased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol and liver lipid levels were measured in hypercaloric-diet-fed rats. However, drinking LFWEs also decreased (p < 0.05) those levels to that similar to the NCD group, whereas drinking LFWEs resulted in higher (p < 0.05) faecal lipid concentrations. It also corresponded to the liver TNF-α and IL-1β values which were ameliorated (p < 0.05) in hypercaloric-diet-fed rats with LFWEs. Therefore, the result of this investigation match the anticipation, which LFWE indeed possesses a potential nutraceuticals for anti-obesity effects.     

Effects of chestnut tannins on carcass characteristics,meat quality,lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of rabbits

Seventy two male Bianca Italiana rabbits were used to study the effects of the inclusion (0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) of a natural extract of chestnut wood (Silvafeed ENC) in the diet on productive traits, carcass characteristics, meat quality, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of rabbit meat. Results showed ENC had no significant effect on live weight, productive traits, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, skin weight, pH, cooking losses, shear force and colour. The iron content was higher in Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle of rabbit fed the ENC 1.0% diet than the control group. TBARS average values in the group ENC 0.5% were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in the control and ENC 1.0% groups. Myristic acid (C14:0; P < 0.01), palmitoleic acid (C16:1 cis-9; P < 0.05) and pentadecanoic acid (C15:0; P < 0.01) contents were lower in LTL muscle of rabbits fed the ENC 1.0% diet, whereas the palmitic acid (C16:0) content was higher (P < 0.05) in the rabbits of this group. Moreover, the rabbits fed with the ENC 0.5% diet had lower (P < 0.01) levels of trans-vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans-11) compared to rabbits fed with the control diet. No significant differences were observed in saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, as well as in PUFA/SFA and n − 6/n − 3 ratios among the groups.     

Preparation of hypocholesterol peptides from soy protein and their hypocholesterolemic effect in mice

The yield and in vitro hypocholesterolemic activity of low-molecular weight soy protein hydrolysates were studied. The yield and cholesterol micellar solubility inhibitory rate (CMSIR) were higher for soy protein Alcalase hydrolysates (SAPH) than soy protein AS1398 hydrolysates (SNPH). The highest CMSIR of 48.6% was found with SAPH with a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 18%. Optimal parameters for desalting SAPH with macroporous adsorption resin DA201-C were decided to be pH 4.5, SAPH dispersion to resin ration 75:100, and a loading rate 1 BV/h, at which the adsorption rate of the peptide was 89.7%. Only a 4% decrease in CMSIR was found with SPAH (DH 18%) after gastrointestinal protease digestion. In a mice feeding study for 30 d, the serum level of LDL-C + VLDL-C in the SAPH diet group with 0.5 and 2.5 g/kg BW SAPH decreased by 34% and 45% respectively compared to the mice fed only the hypercholesterolemia diet.     

Sorghum distillers dried grain lipid extract increases cholesterol excretion and decreases plasma and liver cholesterol concentration in hamsters

Grain sorghum is a rich source of phytochemicals. In this study, male hamsters were fed AIN-93M diets supplemented with a hexane-extractable lipid fraction from sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Diets contained 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 5.0% (w/w) DDGS lipid extract. After 4 wk, the 5.0% DDGS lipids group had significantly lower plasma non-HDL cholesterol and liver esterified cholesterol concentration. Faecal neutral sterol (i.e., cholesterol) excretion was significantly higher in the 5.0% DDGS lipids group compared to the other treatments (66% higher compared to controls). Bile acid excretion was not affected by DDGS lipid intake. Faecal cholesterol excretion was negatively correlated with liver cholesterol concentration (r = ?0.97, P = 0.026), and liver cholesterol concentration was directly correlated with plasma total cholesterol concentration (r = 0.96, P = 0.041). Thus, lipid extract of sorghum DDGS exhibited cholesterol-lowering properties due, at least in part, to increased cholesterol excretion from the body and could provide health benefits when incorporated into human diets.     

Four-week coffee consumption affects energy intake,satiety regulation,body fat,and protects DNA integrity

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that coffee, one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide, may reduce risks of degenerative diseases such as diabetes type 2, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. These effects have partly been ascribed to coffee's antioxidant and body weight-reducing capacities. To explore the mechanisms involved, effects of coffee consumption on body weight/composition, food intake, satiety markers (serotonin and ghrelin) and DNA integrity were monitored in a four-week double-blind randomized crossover intervention study with 84 healthy subjects. Subjects consumed two different coffee blends (study blend, SB, and market blend, MB), with similar caffeine contents but substantially differing contents of chlorogenic acids and N-methylpyridinium. The consumption of both coffees (3 × 250 mL per day) was associated with a decrease in body fat over the whole study period (p < 0.001), which was more pronounced with SB. During intervention with MB, plasma serotonin levels increased (p < 0.001) whereas plasma ghrelin levels decreased (p < 0.001) relative to levels recorded during the preceding washout period. Consumption of both coffee blends was associated with DNA-protective effects (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that regular coffee consumption may provide health benefits in terms of reducing energy intake and body fat, regulating satiety and protecting DNA integrity.     

Antrodia camphorata ameliorates high-fat-diet induced hepatic steatosis via improving lipid metabolism and antioxidative status

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) commonly results from excessive dietary fat intake which characterized by obesity and insulin resistance. Wild fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata (AC) was assayed for alleviative effects on NAFLD. An NAFLD animal model was successfully established in male 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 36 weeks. The HFD mice exhibited obese and impaired glucose metabolism. After an induction of NAFLD syndrome, AC was given for one week via gavage. Mice with AC treatment showed lowered (p < 0.05) serum TG and TC, lowered (p < 0.05) liver TG content, improved (p < 0.05) oxidative status (TBARS values and GSH levels), and ameliorated (p < 0.05) liver damage (AST, ALT, and LDH values). In addition, AC activated (p < 0.05) gene expressions of PPAR-α with its downstream genes in the liver and caused higher (p < 0.05) rectal temperature, which showed AC attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation by promoting lipid oxidation and further suggests the role of AC in energy expenditure. Overall, our findings revealed that AC possesses alleviative effect on NAFLD.     

咖啡碱和绿原酸对高脂饮食小鼠体质量、脂类沉积及肝脏脂质代谢基因表达的影响

研究咖啡主要成分咖啡碱和绿原酸对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠体质量、脂类沉积及肝脏脂类代谢基因表达的影响。50只雌性ICR小鼠被随机分成5组:对照组、高脂组、咖啡碱、绿原酸、咖啡碱+绿原酸,给药组分别在饮水中添加0.05%咖啡碱、0.2%绿原酸、0.05%咖啡碱+0.2%绿原酸,饲养14周。饲养期间每周测1次体质量。饲养结束后心脏采血,摘取脏器和腹腔内脂肪(intraperitoneal adipose tissues,IPAT)并称质量。测定血糖浓度、血中及肝脏中脂质含量。通过实时定量聚合酶链式反应测定肝脏中脂质代谢相关基因AMPK、HMG-CoAr、FASN、ACO的mRNA表达量。与高脂组相比,咖啡碱+绿原酸能明显抑制小鼠体质量和IPAT质量的增加;咖啡碱、咖啡碱+绿原酸明显降低血糖和总胆固醇浓度;绿原酸投喂小鼠血中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度显著降低,而血中游离脂肪酸浓度上升;咖啡碱、咖啡碱+绿原酸显著降低肝脏中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量;咖啡碱和咖啡碱+绿原酸使AMPK基因相对表达量显著上升,FASN基因相对表达量显著下降;3组给药组的ACO基因相对表达量显著上升,HMG-CoAr基因相对表达量显著下降。咖啡碱+绿原酸的减肥作用可能通过调节肝脏脂质代谢相关基因的表达,来降低血中和肝脏中脂类的含量,抑制脂肪沉积,抑制小鼠体质量增加,且它们有协同作用。