连铸二冷模式对微合金钢板坯角部表层组织的影响

为减少和预防攀枝花钢钒有限公司P510L微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹的发生,进行了二冷区不同冷却模式对铸坯角部表层组织及表面横裂纹的影响研究。结果表明:传统弱冷模式下,大量膜状先共析铁素体连成网状,阻碍了奥氏体基体的连续性,降低了铸坯角部的热塑性。在优化冷却模式下,在铸坯角部表层2~3 mm的组织细小、分布均匀,没有出现先共析铁素体膜,有利于控制铸坯表面横裂纹的发生。相对于传统弱冷模式,优化冷却模式可将铸坯角部表面横裂纹指数由3.2降至0.4,裂纹发生率得到了控制。     

控制冷却下强冷及返温阶段板坯表面热塑性及组织形貌变化规律

 制作直径10mm试样模拟铸坯表面,使用Gleeble-2000D热模拟试验机研究表面控制冷却下强冷和返温阶段板坯表面热塑性及组织形貌的变化规律,为表面组织控制冷却在立弯式板坯连铸机上的应用提供理论依据。研究结果表明：强冷阶段,魏氏组织和膜状先共析铁素体的形成造成试样塑性恶化。返温阶段,返温处理有效地消除了这种恶化,将试样断面收缩率最小值提高至40%以上。因此表面控制冷却在立弯式连铸机上应用时,强冷阶段应在铸坯进入弯曲段之前完成,铸坯可以在返温阶段进入弯曲段。     

微合金钢连铸坯表面裂纹敏感性预测模型

为了从凝固及相变特性角度解决微合金钢连铸坯表面裂纹问题,建立了与合金化相关联的初始凝固包晶反应度模型、奥氏体晶粒长大模型、铁素体转变量模型以及碳氮化物的析出模型。结合铸坯实际冷却条件,进一步建立了包晶反应度预测、初生奥氏体晶粒长大、铁素体转变、析出相析出等对铸坯表面裂纹敏感性的预测模型。针对某J55钢连铸板坯,奥氏体晶粒尺寸超过1 mm、铁素体析出量为10%、二次相析出量增加时,横裂纹敏感性最大。表面裂纹敏感性预测模型有助于实现基于成分微调和组织调控的微合金钢连铸、热装等生产过程表面裂纹控制技术。     

含铌微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制二冷新工艺

基于唐钢中厚板厂含铌钢板坯连铸生产实际,采用数值模拟方法研究了Q345B- Nb含铌钢板坯连铸过程实施铸坯角部二冷高温区角部组织多相变晶粒细化控冷工艺的可行性。结果表明,通过在结晶器窄面足辊下方增加6组针对铸坯角部强喷淋冷却的喷嘴结构,可使铸坯角部温度下降至约600 ℃,而后减少立弯段中下部3区与4区冷却水量,可使铸坯角部温度回升至900 ℃以上,满足铸坯角部多相变温度控制条件。在此基础上,将新控冷工艺应用于现场实际,实施铸坯二冷高温区多相变控冷新工艺后,铸坯角部距表面0~20 mm范围内的组织均可由传统工艺下“奥氏体＋先共析铁素体膜”结构转变成“铁素体＋珠光体”结构,且晶粒细化至不大于20 μm,铸坯抗裂纹能力大幅提高,含铌钢连铸坯角部裂纹率由原工艺的5.89%稳定控制在小于0.1%水平。     

CSP低碳钢薄板连铸坯的连续冷却转变及显微组织细化

在Gleeble-1500热／力模拟机上模拟了用CSP技术生产的低碳钢薄板连铸坯变形后的连续冷却转变曲线，并分析了组织演变规律。低碳钢薄板连铸坯的连续冷却相变转变温度较低，且随冷速的提高而降低，其γ α两相区的温度范围较宽，都以150℃以上。相变后的最终组织为大量铁素体加部分珠光体。冷速较低时，铁素体晶粒呈多边形；冷速高时，晶粒多呈尖角形。随着冷速的提高，铁素体晶粒尺寸减小。在本实验变形条件下，当冷速达到15℃／s时，细化的铁素体晶粒尺寸趋于一个极限值，约为8μm。     

中间坯快冷技术对Q345A厚板表层组织和性能的影响

采用热模拟技术、力学性能测试技术和金相分析技术研究了中间坯快冷技术对Q345A厚板表层组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经过中间坯冷却+回温轧制后,在距钢板表层2mm内获得细化的铁素体组织,晶粒平均直径在1μm左右,弥散分布着少量珠光体。基体组织和常规TMCP轧制态相似,是块状铁素体与珠光体整合组织。中间坯快冷技术不会降低钢板基体的力学性能和低温韧性,钢板表层的硬度略高于心部。与常规的TMCP工艺相比,钢板具有良好的止裂能力。     

中厚板Q460C轧制工艺对钢板延伸率影响的试验分析

根据Q460C钢板试样的金相组织和断口形貌特征分析,表层组织由铁素体、珠光体和少量弥散贝氏体构成,心部组织为铁素体和珠光体。晶粒尺寸细化的钢板容易得到较高延伸率,因此轧钢环节的关键是控制温度和冷却强度。如果终轧温度过低且冷却强度过大,则钢板心部组织容易出现贝氏体以及混晶现象,从而导致延伸率明显降低,影响钢板性能合格率。     

Ti-Mg船板钢铸坯中晶内针状铁素体的诱发机制

Ti-Mg船板钢铸态组织中发现大量晶内针状铁素体(IGF),IGF大幅提高铸坯强韧性的同时,也给连铸弯曲矫直工艺和连铸机寿命带来影响。为探明连铸坯中IGF的诱发机制,进行了冷却速率、钢中夹杂物尺寸及分布等因素对铸态组织中IGF诱发的影响研究。结果表明:对试验钢种而言,夹杂物的尺寸和分布是该类钢种铸态组织的决定性因素。与钢板焊接热影响区中能够诱发IGF的夹杂物尺寸多为3μm以下相比,在铸坯中能够诱发IGF的夹杂物多为5~15μm。因此为保证连铸机的寿命和拉矫工艺的稳定,最好将夹杂物尺寸控制在5μm以下,以降低IGF含量。     

FTSR低碳高强钢连续冷却相变和组织细化

用Gleeble-3500热模拟机研究了低碳钢 (%:0.19C、1.15Mn、0.008Mo、0.002Ti、0.032Als) 85 mm FTSR(薄板坯连铸连轧)铸坯在1 000℃以5 s^-1速率变形40%,然后以5℃/s冷却到900℃并以50 s^-1的速率变形30%,再以1～70℃/s冷却到400℃,空冷的连续相转变和组织。结果表明,冷却速度≤20℃/s时连续冷却转变的组织为铁素体和珠光体;冷却速度达30℃/s时,组织中出现少量粒状贝氏体。随冷却速度增加,晶粒尺寸减小,当冷却速度达10℃/s时,钢中的晶粒尺寸≤10μm,当冷却速度≥20℃/s时,钢中晶粒细化程度减弱。     

大热输入条件下氮含量对低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢粗晶热影响区组织与冲击韧性的影响

采用Gleeble研究了大热输入条件下,氮含量对低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,在100 kJ/cm热输入条件下,85 N、110 N和144 N试验钢粗晶热影响区-20℃冲击功分别为186 J、97 J和57 J。随着试验钢中氮含量的增加,试验钢粗晶热影响区冲击功逐渐降低。当氮含量从85 ppm增加至110 ppm时,低碳Mo-V-Ti-B微合金钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织由块状铁素体+大量针状铁素体转变为块状铁素体+少量的针状铁素体,组织发生粗化,故粗晶热影响区冲击功降低。当氮含量从110 ppm进一步增加至144 ppm时,粗晶热影响区组织由块状铁素体+少量的针状铁素体转变为块状铁素体+珠光体,虽然块状铁素体晶粒发生细化,但是粗晶热影响区组织中的“硬相”珠光体的含量增加,并且珠光体尺寸较大,在冲击试样变形过程中“硬相”珠光体与基体形变不协调,从而导致裂纹的萌生,造成冲击功进一步下降。     

Surface microstructure control of microalloyed steel during slab casting

Lots of work has been done to investigate slab surface microstructure evolution during continuous casting in order to improve hot ductility and avoid transverse cracks.The slab surface microstructure after continuous casting was characterized by optical microscopy, and the precipitation behavior was investigated by transmission electron microscopy.At the same time, the mechanical properties of the slabs were measured using a Gleeble 1500D thermal simulator and the transformation temperatures were examined by means of a thermal dilatometer.The experimental results show that homogeneous microstructure without film-like ferrites and chain-like precipitates at grain boundary can be obtained through surface intensive cooling and transverse cracks do not occur on the slab surface.For the ex-perimental steel, fine ferrite can form at slab surface when the water flow rate is larger than 1560 L/min at vertical section.As the distance to surface increases, microstructure turned to ferrite and pearlite. Moreover, nano-size carbonitrides precipitated in the ferrite grain and the size was larger at the junc-tion of the dislocations.The mechanical experiment results show that the hot ductility of the sample deformed at 650℃ was better than that of the sample deformed at 750℃.The reason is that film-like ferrite formed at the grain boundary in the sample deformed at 750℃.Thus, the slab must be cooled quickly below A r3 to prevent the occurrence of film-like ferrite and transverse cracks on the slab surface during casting.     

Effect of Slab Subsurface Microstructure Evolution on Transverse Cracking of Microalloyed Steel during Continuous Casting

As to the continuous casting process of low carbon microalloyed steel, subsurface microstructure evolution plays an important role in the slab surface cracking. In order to study the effect of the slab subsurface microstructure evolution on the transverse cracking, three different secondary cooling patterns （i. e. , mild cooling, strong cooling and controlled cooling） were performed in the corresponding slab curved continuous caster. Based on the metallo- graphic results, three transformation regions were found to be formed with the evolution of microstructures at different depths in the slab subsurface. The three regions are strong cooling transformation （SCT） region, double phase transformation （DPT） region and mild cooling transformation （MCT） region, respectively. Meanwhile, it was also found that the crack index used for evaluating slab surface cracking susceptibility was decreased when the range of the DPT region was increased. This can be explained by the fact that the double phase transformation （austenite-ferrite-austenite） occurred resulting from thermal cycling in DPT region, which resulted in promoting the refinement of prior austenite grains and inhibiting the precipitation of film-like ferrite and chain-like precipitates. Under the con- trolled cooling pattern, the widely-distributed DPT region was formed in the range of 3.5--8.0 mm to the slab surface. And compared with other cooling patterns, the cracking susceptibility is lowest with a crack index of 0.4.     

Analysis on the Microstructure and Performance Evolvement of Alloyed Tool Steel Hot Rolling Strip Produced by CSP Technology

This thesis determinates the microstructure and inclusions of the alloyed tool steel by CSP processing with the help of SEM.The results show that the slab microstructures are the fine branched crystalline grains and the branch width has little disparity from the surface to the central region.For the product,the grain microstructures are fine pearlites and few ferrites with the pearlite space 0.4μm to 0.2μm.     

冷却条件对EH40钢板坯表层奥氏体晶粒长大的影响

铸坯表层异常长大的奥氏体晶粒是产生横裂纹的重要原因之一,研究冷却过程对其生长行为的影响对科学制定连铸工艺、降低铸坯裂纹敏感性有重要意义。采用原创连铸坯凝固过程热模拟方法,再现了EH40低碳船板钢板坯的凝固过程,观察在传统板坯连铸条件下,2种结晶器冷却强度对铸坯表层奥氏体晶粒长大行为的影响。结果表明,在结晶器冷却阶段,热模拟坯表层5 mm的绝大多数奥氏体晶粒短轴尺寸均不超过0.5 mm,但已出现粗大晶粒,且强冷条件下奥氏体晶粒尺寸平均值和极大值均更大,分别为弱冷条件下的2.5倍和2.0倍。在足辊区到矫直点区间,表层奥氏体晶粒生长非常缓慢,平均尺寸仍未超过0.5 mm。矫直点处,结晶器强冷热模拟坯表层20 mm的晶粒短轴最大尺寸为2.2 mm,为弱冷条件下的1.7倍。综上,奥氏体晶粒在连铸不同阶段表现为不同的生长行为,且采用结晶器弱冷更有利于EH40钢板坯获得相对细小的表层奥氏体晶粒。     

连铸板坯快冷试验分析Q345D包晶钢板坯角部横裂成因和工艺改进

通过对220 mm包晶钢板坯进行在线快冷试验,取冷却后板坯角部样,进行热酸浸及金相分析。从零段到矫直段的角样结果表明,角部横裂纹在矫直段内弧出现,随着板坯从结晶器往后延伸,奥氏体晶界的铁素体膜不断增厚,晶界越清晰,奥氏体晶粒度尺寸1.0～1.5 mm。由于奥氏体晶粒粗大,并且奥氏体晶界铁素体膜脆弱,矫直段铸坯角部温度偏低,进入第Ⅲ脆性区后,导致角部横裂沿着晶界展开。通过结晶器窄面水量由原30～32 m³/h增加至34～36 m³/h,关闭矫直段内弧边部喷嘴,使板坯角部横裂得到有效控制。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Microalloyed X100 High Deformability Pipeline Steel

A low carbon Nb-microalloyed high deformability pipeline steel with X100 grade has been processed by TMCP and followed two-stage cooling process.The microstructure is characterized by ferrite/bainite multiphase.The effective grain size is 1.85μm in average.The volume of ferrite is about 10-15% and the grains sizes are mostly less than 5μm.The bainite consists of granular-bainite and lath-bainite,with M/A islands finely dispersed.The longitudinal tensile yield strength,uniform elongation,yield ratio are 647MPa,7.6% and 0.78,respectively.Ferrite/bainite multiphase have large strain hardenability that resulting high strength and high deformability combination.Precipitation of Nb also improves the strength and uniform deformability by precipitation strengthening and grain refinement.     

微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制技术研发及应用

微合金钢连铸过程频发铸坯角部裂纹缺陷是钢铁行业的共性技术难题。基于微合金钢铸坯角部裂纹组织结构与析出特征检测，以及铸坯在结晶器与二冷铸流内的凝固热/力学行为演变规律定量化模拟，开发形成了基于新型角部高效传热曲面结晶器和铸坯二冷高温区角部晶粒超细化控冷工艺与装备的微合金钢连铸坯角部裂纹控制技术。研究结果表明，传统板坯连铸工艺下，窄面直线型结晶器无法充分补偿坯壳收缩，致使厚保护渣膜与气隙在坯壳角部集中生成，大幅降低了结晶器中下部坯壳角部传热，引发微合金碳氮化物沿奥氏体晶界析出。传统二冷配水条件下，奥氏体晶界不可避免生成先共析铁素体膜低塑性组织。两者共同作用致使铸坯角部高温塑性不足而引发裂纹。通过开发新型曲面结晶器，坯壳角部于其内高效传热，凝固全程冷却速度大于5℃/s，弥散化了微合金碳氮化物高温析出。同时，基于窄面足辊超强冷新控冷结构，对铸坯角部实施γ→α→γ循环相变，铸坯角部晶粒显著超细化，高塑化控制了铸坯角部裂纹产生。