UMTS直放站对定位业务支持的研究

文章提出了一种支持直放站覆盖区域内移动台定位的观测到达时间差(OTDOA)方法.该方法首先在直放站中配置直放站相关信息,导入服务无线网络控制器(SRNC)侧定位实体数据库,并以OTDOA定位算法获得一个移动台的位置估计;然后利用除参考基站或直放站之外的两个基站或直放站之间的双曲线验证获得另外一个位置估计,并记两次位置估计距离为误差;取所有假设通路方式误差的最小值为实际误差,此时的估计位置即为最终的移动台位置.通过该方法可提高直放站范围内移动台的定位精度.     

蜂窝无线网中的写作定位算法研究

在蜂窝无线网络中,单基站定位是最简单易行的定位方法,其需要利用基站测量移动终端信号的到达时间(TOA,time of arrival)和到达角(AOA,Angle of Arrival)信息.但是非视距(NLOS,Non Line of Sight)误差是影响定位精度的主要原因,为了抑制NLOS对定位精度的影响,提出了一种利用移动终端和中继节点之间的协作信息来提高定位精度的算法.该算法通过处理基站测量的TOA/AOA信息,以及移动终端到中继节点的TOA信息,利用中继节点与MS间的协作信息对估计的位置进行修正.仿真分析结果表明,在单基站蜂窝网中,提出的算法不仅整体提高了系统定位性能,而且在MS距离基站比较远的情况下,提出的协作定位算法的定位精度比现有的算法有明显提高.     

一种基于场强差的GSM网络移动台定位法

提出了一种在GSM无线蜂窝网络中利用服务BS（基站）和MS（移动台）测量的场强差值对MS进行定位的方法。通过计算机的仿真结果表明，该方法能够较好地克服多径和不规则地形带来的场强起伏，达到较高的定位精度。通过提出的的算法，可以克服传统的利用GSM蜂窝网络对移动台定位的局限性，从而使利用GSM蜂窝网络对移动台位置定位的实现更简单。     

CDMA移动通信系统中时空二维无线电定位方法

当基站采用阵列天线时,利用AOA信息和TOA信息在所定义的代价函数基础上采用梯度法可以得到移动台所在位置。计算表明非直射径存在和方向判断错误是影响定位精度的主要因素,利用AOA信息可显著改善定位性能,本文提出的算法也可适用于两个基站的无线电定位。     

基于移动终端的定位技术解析

基于移动终端的位置服务应用主要分为客户端位置应用和基于浏览器的web网页位置应用,定位技术涉及到Cell-ID基站定位、GPS定位、MPS定位以及HTML5的定位服务,在对以上技术做出概述的基础上,并对其涉及到的关键技术给予解析,对可改进之处给予说明.     

基于无人机5G高空基站的低成本应急定位方法

当由于台风、塌方和地震等极端灾害导致地面固定基站损毁时，可以利用无人机搭载5G高空基站来为待测用户(User Under Test, UT)提供应急定位服务。要获得目标的三维位置信息，至少需要4个基站。针对如何降低极端条件下待测目标的定位成本，减少对无人机基站数量的要求，提出了一种基于无人机5G高空基站的低成本应急定位方法。利用最小二乘(Least Square, LS)算法来估计UT的初始位置，并将该初始位置作为虚拟移动基站加入初始基站集合。基于新的基站集，利用二次LS算法对UT的位置进行迭代估计，并将得到的一系列待测目标估计值作为虚拟基站集，随后基于高程精度因子(Vertical Dilution of Precision, VDOP)最小从虚拟基站集中选取一个最佳的虚拟移动基站，并以此作为UT的位置更新。将位于三维空间的无人机基站投影到水平面，联合到达时间差(Time Difference of Arrival, TDOA)和方位角测量值，采用一次加权最小二乘(Weighted LS,WLS)算法求解待测目标的水平位置。利用初始解分量之间的相关性，通过二次WLS算法对目标的水平位...     

一种基于TOA的定位优化算法

提出了一种在非视距环境下,当基站处于不良布站情况,即基站不能如蜂窝状包围住移动台时,测电波到达时间(TOA)定位算法的一种优化方法。其主要思想为先利用三基站相交线定位方法测得一个移动台的初始值坐标,再通过初始值坐标,确定基站选择和坐标优化机制,选择两两基站最优搭配,利用最优基站的圆周线相交定位方法,经过多次测量,消除NLOS误差对测量值的影响,最终确定出移动台坐标。此方法计算量小,结构简单,经验证,此方法比原来方法有更高的测量精度。     

一种TDOA/AOA混合定位算法及其性能分析

在蜂窝移动通信系统中，智能天线阵列的应用使得服务基站（BS）能提供较准确的移动台（MS）电波到达角（AOA）测量值，从而可以用于对移动台的定位估计，文中对文献[1]的电波到达时间差（TDOA）定位算法进行了改进，提出了一种既能继承原算法的优良性能，又可充分利用AOA测量值信息提高定位性能的TDOA/AOA混合定位算法，该算法还具有解析表达式解。仿真结果表明，只要AOA测量值达到一定精度，该算法就能取得比文献[1]的单纯TDOA定位算法更好的性能。     

多天线NLOS定位误差抑制算法

为抑制非视距传播造成的定位误差,提出一种基于对各基站TOA测量结果进行NLOS判别的误差抑制算法。与传统基于TOA统计信息的NLOS抑制不同,算法直接利用移动台多天线接收数据判别基站视距状态,然后融合LOS和NLOS基站测量结果解算移动台位置。NLOS判别机制采用多天线接收数据估计信道莱斯K因子,利用K因子在LOS/NLOS下服从的不同概率分布在信号处理层面对NLOS基站进行判别。算法最后采用约束最优化方法融合识别后的LOS和NLOS基站的TOA测量结果解算移动台位置。仿真结果表明,所提融合NLOS基站TOA解算算法可有效提高NLOS存在时的定位精度。      

非视距环境中TOA/AOA混合定位方法

为了减少非视距对定位估计的影响,提出了一种新到达时间/到达角信号的抗非视距混合定位方法,该方法假设首先到达每个基站的信号路径经历了唯一的一次反射,采用约束非线性优化方法来定位移动台,将基站和移动台的几何分布关系和移动台的位置范围作为约束条件,并使用粒子群优化技术来寻找全局最优解,然后计算测量噪声并利用迭代过程进一步的提高定位精度,通过对比仿真表明该算法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks