浅论GH625合金焊缝的焊后热处理工艺

GH625合金是一种用Cr、Mo固溶强化的镍基合金,采用合适的热处理能促使晶界碳化物析出,在较小范围内可以增加合金的强度.在焊接结构中,热影响区溶合线附近的碳化物溶解和残余应力的恶化作用能使应力腐蚀开裂敏感,存在降低焊件中的残余应力和降低应力腐蚀开裂倾向.降低残余应力常用的方法是焊后热处理,合适的热处理工艺能使晶界碳化物再生,同时焊接残余应力也被降低.     

浅论GH625合金焊缝的时后热处理工艺

GH625合金是一种用Cr、Mo固溶强化的镍基合金,采用合适的热处理通促使晶界碳化物析出,在较小范围内可以增加合金的强度,在焊接结构中,热影响区溶合一附近的碳化物溶解和残余应力的恶化作用能使应务腐蚀开裂敏感,存在降低焊件中的残余应力和降低应力腐蚀开裂倾向,降低残余应力常用的方法是焊后热处理,合适的热处理工艺能便晶界碳化物再生,同时焊接残余应力也被降低。     

Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金应力腐蚀性能

研究了热处理制度和时效工艺的改变对Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金的组织结构、力学性能和应力腐 蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:高温预析出可以改变Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金晶界的析出相大小和分 布,从而改善其抗应力腐蚀性能;在T6和T612种人工时效条件下,预析出的合金的抗应力腐蚀 性能均好于无预析出的合金。在自然时效状态下,引入超声波,对无预析出合金的应力腐蚀性能 进行了初步探索,发现超声波可以提高合金的抗应力腐蚀性能,而对合金的硬度无影响。     

浅论GH625合金焊缝的焊后热处理工艺

ＧＨ６２５合金是一种用Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ固溶强化的镍基合金,彩合适的热处理能促使晶界碳化物析出,在较小范围内可以增加合金强度。在焊接结构中,热影响区溶合线附近的碳化物溶解和残余应力的恶化作用能使应力腐蚀开裂敏感,存在降低焊件中的残余应力和降低应力腐蚀开裂倾向。降低残余应力 方法是焊后热处理,合适的热处理工艺能使晶界碳化物再生,同时焊接残余应力也被降低。     

低铬抗硫套管的H_2S/CO_2腐蚀行为研究

通过高温高压及H2S应力腐蚀开裂(SSC)实验,采用SEM、EDS、XRD和TEM技术,研究3Cr110S在模拟环境中的H2S/CO2腐蚀行为。结果表明:在模拟H2S/CO2高温高压腐蚀环境中,H2S腐蚀占主导作用,3Cr110S的均匀腐蚀速率为0.1272 mm/a,局部腐蚀轻微,试样表面腐蚀产物为FeS;在施加应力为72%、80%的最低屈服强度时,3Cr110S试样均未发生应力腐蚀开裂,具有良好的抗SSC性能;3Cr110S回火索氏体组织的条束之间位相差大,铬元素在晶界及晶内以粒状碳化物析出、位错纠结、弥散分布碳化物的位错定扎对SSC裂纹扩展起着良好的阻碍作用。     

16Mn(HIC)钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂实验研究

采用恒应变和慢应变速率拉伸实验的方法,研究了16Mn(HIC)和16Mn钢母材、焊缝在H₂S环境中应力腐蚀开裂.结果表明两种材料在酸性H₂S介质中均发生穿晶型硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC);与16Mn钢相比,16Mn(HIC)钢有更好的抗SSCC性能,钢中的C,Mn,P和S的含量降低有利于提高钢的抗SSCC性能.焊缝及热影响区在焊接过程中,产生的粗大魏氏组织、偏析、缩孔和夹杂等缺陷,降低了焊缝的抗SSCC能力.但是,通过焊后热处理可以适当提高焊缝的抗SSCC能力.     

舞钢湿硫化氢环境用低合金高强度钢

湿H2S环境下引起压力容器及管道的腐蚀、氢致开裂（HIC）、H2S应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）是当前采油、炼油、化工、煤气生产中最为突出的腐蚀问题和技术难题之一。为此,舞钢对防止压力容器与管道在湿硫化氢环境中的开裂问题进行了广泛、深入的研究,相继成功地开发了一系列不同强度级别的湿硫化氢环境用抗硫化氢腐蚀用钢,具有碳当量低、力学性能（尤其是低温冲击韧性）优良、抗氢致开裂性能和抗硫化物应力腐蚀性能良好的特点,钢板的力学性能、抗氢致开裂性能及抗硫化物应力腐蚀性能均达到了国际先进或领先水平。本文还指出了抗湿硫化氢用钢的生产开发方向并提出了质量改进措施。     

Mn对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

研究锰元素对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响,锰质量分数的变化范围为0. 93%～1. 26%.分别采用化学腐蚀法、动电位极化法研究双相不锈钢2205的耐腐蚀性能,采用夹杂物自动分析技术研究锰对钢中夹杂物种类及数量的影响,通过扫描电镜、能谱及夹杂物原位分析法观察化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀前后钢中夹杂物及其周围钢基体的变化情况.采用电感耦合等离子体发光光谱测定腐蚀产物的成分.研究结果表明,不同类型的夹杂物对耐腐蚀性能的影响不同,(Mn、Si)氧化物以及(Mn、Si、Cr)氧硫化物在腐蚀液中更易溶解进而促进腐蚀,而(Cr、Mn、Al)氧化物却很稳定.锰的加入会促进钢中(Cr、Mn、Al)夹杂的析出,此类夹杂物不仅自身很容易被含Cl离子的溶液腐蚀,而且作为点蚀的起始点,促进了点蚀坑的形成,加快了基体腐蚀,最终导致不锈钢耐点蚀性能的下降.     

Mn对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

研究锰元素对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响, 锰质量分数的变化范围为0. 93%~1. 26%.分别采用化学腐蚀法、动电位极化法研究双相不锈钢2205的耐腐蚀性能, 采用夹杂物自动分析技术研究锰对钢中夹杂物种类及数量的影响, 通过扫描电镜、能谱及夹杂物原位分析法观察化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀前后钢中夹杂物及其周围钢基体的变化情况.采用电感耦合等离子体发光光谱测定腐蚀产物的成分.研究结果表明, 不同类型的夹杂物对耐腐蚀性能的影响不同, (Mn、Si) 氧化物以及(Mn、Si、Cr) 氧硫化物在腐蚀液中更易溶解进而促进腐蚀, 而(Cr、Mn、Al) 氧化物却很稳定.锰的加入会促进钢中(Cr、Mn、Al) 夹杂的析出, 此类夹杂物不仅自身很容易被含Cl离子的溶液腐蚀, 而且作为点蚀的起始点, 促进了点蚀坑的形成, 加快了基体腐蚀, 最终导致不锈钢耐点蚀性能的下降.      

L245MS/BMS抗H_2S腐蚀管线钢热轧卷板多样化设计

严格控制钢中C、Mn、P、S和气体元素含量是提高钢水纯净度、减轻铸坯偏析以及提高抗H_2S腐蚀的关键因素。添加合金元素Cr弥补低锰的强度损失。合理制定冶炼、连铸及热轧工艺制度是确保产品满足用户要求的重要环节。包钢稀土钢板材厂生产的L245MS/BMS热轧板卷化学成分和工艺设计合理,钢质纯净、组织均匀、具有优良的综合机械性能,特别是具有抗氢致开裂能力和抗应力腐蚀能力。设计方案主要适用于生产出口产品。     

BT80SS抗H2S腐蚀石油套管的研制

根据化学元素对H2S应力腐蚀的影响,选用C,Mn,Cr和Mo为合金元素,控制S和P等有害元素的含量,同时加入RE;根据钢管的组织对抗H2S应力腐蚀的影响,采用淬火后高温回火的热处理制度,生产出了具有自主知识产权的抗H2S套管,该产品具有良好的耐H2S腐蚀性能。     

“PU—1”低合金高强度抗H2S应力腐蚀钻材钢的研究

研制的“ＰＵ－１”低合金高强度抗Ｈ２Ｓ应力腐蚀钻材新钢种,具有良好的综合力学、抗Ｈ２Ｓ应力腐蚀和焊接性能,应用于结构构件方面是可行的,且有显著的经济和社会效益。     

Sensitization Behaviour of Manganese‐Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steels

Manganese is an essential alloying element in advanced austenitic stainless steels with specific properties such as high resistance to harsh corrosive environments, high strength or low material costs. These materials are often used for welded constructions which have to be highly corrosion resistant. Hence it has to be ensured that the heat input during welding does not initiate the precipitation of chromium carbide resulting in a susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. This leads to the question whether the sensitization behaviour of manganese‐alloyed austenitic stainless steels is comparable to that of the well‐known conventional chromium nickel austenites. In the present work the effect of heat‐input on the susceptibility of the CrNi‐steel 1.4301 and the CrNiMn‐steel 1.4376 to intergranular corrosion (IGC) was considered. Investigations were carried out by corrosion testing in the so‐called Strauss‐Test to elucidate the effect of the annealing temperatures on the microstructure. Furthermore, the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties was evaluated by tensile testing. As a result, it could be demonstrated that manganese‐alloyed austenitic stainless steels like grade 1.4376 exhibit a sensitization behaviour very similar to the conventional austenitic steel grades. The same kinds of tests on intergranular corrosion resistance can be applied for both types of materials.     

3Cr抗CO2和H2S腐蚀系列油套管开发

CO2、H2S腐蚀是石油天然气开采过程中的主要腐蚀问题。文章在分析油井管CO2腐蚀行为和腐蚀特点的基础上，介绍了抗CO2、H2S腐蚀油套管的研制过程并开发出腐蚀性能良好的3Cr系列经济型油套管。文章重点介绍了80、95、110等不同钢级成品管的力学性能，抗CO2、H2S应力腐蚀开裂性能。运用SEM扫描电境、X光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射、体视显微镜等分析了钢经腐蚀后的表面腐蚀产物的组成、结构，并对Cr元素改善钢的抗CO2腐蚀行为及机理进行了分析。     

Corrosion properties of austenitic Cr-Mn-Ni-N steels with various manganese concentrations

The structure and corrosion properties of two high-nitrogen 05Kh20AN8MF steels additionally alloyed with 9 and 17% Mn have been studied. Metallographic, X-ray diffraction, and fractographic studies show that both steels have an austenitic structure and high plasticity properties after quenching from 1100 and 1100°C and subsequent aging at 500°C for 2 h. The steel alloyed with 9% Mn and 0.58% V exhibit a higher strength. Both steels have a higher corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution than 12Kh18N9T steel. After aging at 400–600°C, the corrosion rate and the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking increase.     

Role of non-metallic inclusions in heat-treated steels for sour environment

Sulphide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) studies on a set of three steels with different inclusion morphologies were conducted. Effect of heat treatment of the steels with and without rare-earth metal (RE) treatment upon SSCC resistance was studied. Threshold stress, corrosion rate and hydrogen content in the steels were determined. Quenched and tempered structure was found to improve the SSCC resistance only when the steel is RE treated. Corrosion rate and hydrogen content in the steels were found to decrease as the inclusion morphology is changed from elongated stringers to globular shape, which improves the SSCC resistance.     

Stress corrosion cracking of stainless steels in NaCl solutions

The metallurgical influences on the stress corrosion resistance of many commercial stainless steels have been studied using the fracture mechanics approach. The straight-chromium ferritic stainless steels, two-phase ferritic-austenitic stainless steels and high-nickel solid solutions (like alloys 800 and 600) investigated are all fully resistant to stress corrosion cracking at stress intensity (K₁) levels ≤ MN • m-^3/2 in 22 pct NaCl solutions at 105 °C. Martensitic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels and precipitation hardened superalloys, all with about 18 pct chromium, may be highly susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, depending on heat treatment and other alloying elements. Molybdenum additions improve the stress corrosion cracking resistance of austenitic stainless steels significantly. The fracture mechanics approach to stress corrosion testing of stainless steels yields results which are consistent with both the service experience and the results from testing with smooth specimens. In particular, the well known “Copson curve” is reproduced by plotting the stress corrosion threshold stress intensity (AT_ISCC) vs the nickel content of stainless steels with about 18 pct chromium. Formerly with the BBC Brown Boveri Company, Baden, Switzerland     

钛合金及其油井管耐蚀性能研究进展

综述了油井管现状、钛合金组织与力学性能,重点探讨了钛合金作为油井管的耐蚀性能、影响因素与耐蚀机理,并对第一性原理计算在钛合金管材成分设计与界面腐蚀特征中的应用进行了概述。研究发现,钛合金管材具有较强的抗硫化物应力开裂(SSC)性能,在高温高压(HTHP)油气田的工况条件下具有极低的腐蚀速率,对孔蚀、缝隙腐蚀、接触腐蚀以及氢脆等也具有高的抵抗力; Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金表面的钝化膜在含H_2S腐蚀环境中更易遭到破坏,其稳定性会因温度变化与其他元素介入而发生变化,抗腐蚀性能也会随之发生改变。