On the Steel–Aluminum Hybrid Casting by Sand Casting

Hybrid casting is a well-known technology to join steel inserts and aluminum. In order to achieve a high-performance material-based joining between steel and aluminum, a new PVD Al-Si-(Fe) coating, which consists of two sub-layers, has been successfully developed for high-pressure die casting. This coating system has been investigated further in this work for the sand casting process. By extending the sand casting process to the plaster casting process with preheating possibilities for the coated steel inserts, a material-based connection between steel and aluminum with a tensile shear strength of 7.7 MPa could be created. The ductility of this connection is decreased comparing with the connection manufactured by die casting. SEM and EDS analysis and diffusion experiments show that the difference of mechanical properties between plaster and die casting is caused by the extensive diffusion and the corresponding layer growth at plaster casting. The edge separation in plaster casting is a result of the edge stresses due to the different thermal expansion of steel and aluminum which can be suppressed at high-pressure die casting. To improve the joining properties at sand casting, it is necessary to control the layer diffusion by adding other alloy elements such as Mn into the Al-Si-(Fe) coating layer.     

时效处理对铝合金A6061与碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料激光连接接头的影响

采用激光直接连接技术对铝合金(A6061)与碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinf-orced Thermal Plastic,CFRTP)进行连接,以接头抗拉强度作为评价指标,确定连接参数的影响规律及最优连接工艺.采用时效处理的方法提高接头连接强度,研究时效处理参数对拉伸强度的影响,揭示最优工...     

铝合金与树脂基复合材料连接技术综述

在航空航天、海洋运输和车辆制造等领域,制造材料朝着轻量化、复合化和高性能化的方向发展.由于铝合金和树脂基复合材料具有高比模量和高比强度等优点,其复合结构的连接技术也受到越来越多的关注.本文针对铝合金与树脂基复合材料连接技术的连接机理和影响因素进行综述.目前,铝合金和树脂基复合材料的连接方法主要为螺栓连接、铆接、胶接、注...     

Binder jetting 3D printing process optimization for rapid casting of green parts with high tensile strength

Binder jetting 3D printing is a rapid, cost effective, and efficient moulding/core making process, which can be applied to a large variety of materials. However, it exhibits a relatively low green-part strength. This may cause the collapse of the printed parts during de-caking and the pick-up procedure, especially in the case of small-scale structures, such as thin walls, tips, and channels. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as the additive in coated sand powder. By exploiting the binding effect between the two composites (thermoplastic phenolic resin and PVA) triggered by the binder, bonding necks firmly form among the sand particles, improving the green-part strength of the coated sand printed parts. Experiments based on the Taguchi method were used to investigate the relationship between the process parameters and the green-part tensile strength. The following set of optimal process parameters was identified:50wt.% alcoholicity of the binder, 75% binder saturation, 0.36 mm layer thickness and 4.5wt.% PVA content. Further, the effect of such parameters on the green-part tensile strength was determined via statistical analysis. The green part of an engine cylinder head sand pattern with complex cavity structures was printed, and the green-part tensile strength reached 2.31 MPa. Moreover, the ZL301 aluminum alloy impeller shape casting was prepared using sand molds printed with the optimal process parameters. The results confirm that the proposed binder jetting 3D printing process can guarantee the integrity of the printed green parts and of small-size structures during decaking and the pick-up procedure. Furthermore, the casting made from the printed sand molds exhibits a relatively high quality.     

挤压熔体浸渗法制备金属涂覆碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的润湿性和力学性能改善

为了改善碳纤维与铝基体之间界面的润湿性和结合性能,采用挤压熔体浸渗法制备镍和铜涂覆碳纤维增强铝基复合材料,对两种不同涂层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的界面润湿性、显微组织和力学性能进行比较和研究.显微组织结构分析表明,与无涂层碳纤维增强铝基复合材料相比,在相同的浸渗工艺条件下,在碳纤维表面涂覆两种金属均可以显著改善碳纤维与铝...     

玻璃纤维对陶瓷浆料的流动性及铸型强度的影响

研究了在陶瓷浆料中加入玻璃纤维对浆料粘度及陶瓷坯体抗拉强度的影响。选择的陶瓷坯体以石英砂、硅溶胶为主要原料,玻璃纤维的直径为16μm,长度为1～3mm。结果表明,在陶瓷型中加入一定量的玻璃纤维后,陶瓷型的抗拉强度会升高;在焙烧温度为400℃时,在一定范围内,随着玻璃纤维增加,陶瓷型抗拉强度呈线性增加,从0.175MPa增加至0.221MPa,陶瓷浆料的粘度也会呈指数形式增大。     

真空吸渗挤压制备2D-C_f/Al复合材料的组织和性能研究

采用真空吸渗挤压工艺制备了二维碳纤维增强铝基(2D-Cf/Al)复合材料。在挤压力(比压)为60~90 MPa、真空度为10~30 k Pa、浸渗挤压温度为580~620℃、保压时间为60~120 s时,可以获得浸渗充分和成形质量良好的复合材料。微观组织观察分析表明,基体合金和碳纤维分布均匀,纤维无折断、漂移现象,无明显微观缺陷。对Cf/Al复合材料进行密度和拉伸性能测试,其密度比基体合金降低17.9%,抗拉强度提高100%。热处理实验表明,经过T6热处理,基体合金的组织得到改善,内部应力和缺陷得到有效控制和消除,抗拉强度提高41%,而碳纤维和基体合金热膨胀系数的差异会在复合材料内部产生不良应力,导致其拉伸性能没有提高反而下降16%。     

Multi-Response Optimization of Friction-Stir-Welded AA1100 Aluminum Alloy Joints

AA1100 aluminum alloy has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of light weight structures. Friction stir welding process (FSW) is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. The process and tool parameters of FSW play a major role in deciding the joint characteristics. In this research, the relationships between the FSW parameters (rotational speed, welding speed, axial force, shoulder diameter, pin diameter, and tool hardness) and the responses (tensile strength, hardness, and corrosion rate) were established. The optimal welding conditions to maximize the tensile strength and minimize the corrosion rate were identified for AA1100 aluminum alloy and reported here.     

压铸工艺生产的铝基复合的组织和性能

报道了压铸浸渗法生产的γ-Al2O3长纤维、δ-Al2O3短纤维和SiC颗粒强化铝基复合材料的组织特征和强度性能检测结果。试验结果表明,采用优化工艺条件,在工业压铸机上可以生产出高浸渗质量,可热处理的铝基复合材料,所获复合材料与130MPa挤压浸渗生产的复合材料相仿,具有理想的工艺质量和组织结构,强度性能达到或超过混合律的预测值。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cold Metal Transfer Welding Similar and Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys

Integrating structures made from aluminum alloys in automotive industry requires a large amount of joining. As a consequence, the properties of the joints have a significant influence on the overall performance of the whole structure.Robot cold metal transfer welding is a relatively new joining technique and has been used in this work to join 6082-T4 and5182-O aluminum alloy sheets by using ER5356 and ER4043 filler metals. Microstructure characterization was performed by optical microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the mechanical properties were measured by tensile and hardness tests. A correlation is made between welding variables, mechanical properties and the microstructure of welded joints. Results indicate that robot cold metal transfer welding provides good joint efficiency with high welding speed, good tensile strength, and ductility. Owing to the low heat input of robot cold metal transfer welding process, the heat affected zone microstructure was quite similar to base metals, and weld metal microstructure was the controlling factor of joint efficiency. The best performing were the 5182/5182 joints welded with ER5356 and these had mechanical property coefficients of 100%, 98%, and 85% for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation, respectively.     

C/CF/Cu复合材料界面和抗拉强度研究

采用树脂碳化方法制备了碳/碳纤维(C/CF)先驱丝,用压力浸渗凝固成型方法制备了碳/碳纤维/铜(C/CF/Cu)复合材料,借助抗拉强度测试及扫描电镜下复合材料界面和相组成物分布观察,探讨了C、CF和Cu三组元复合界面特性以及碳纤维丝类型和C/CF先驱丝体积分数对C/CF/Cu复合材料抗拉强度的影响.结果表明,C/CF/Cu复合材料的微观界面是碳纤维单丝-树脂碳化碳-铜双复合界面,此界面属于无化学反应的弱复合界面,铜对C/CF先驱丝的机械锁紧力是提高界面强度和复合材料强度的关键因素.当凝固成型压力为28.5MPa时,1k碳纤维丝的C/CF先驱丝体积分数为25%和3k碳纤维丝的C/CF先驱丝体积分数为44.7%的复合材料的抗拉强度达到较高值,分别为595MPa和587MPa,均为纯铜抗拉强度的3倍以上.3k丝制成的一次C/CF先驱丝内碳纤维丝的数量较多,影响复合材料的界面强度,而选用1k碳纤维丝比较有利.     

7075铝合金传动轴空心轴身的挤压铸造工艺研究

采用挤压铸造工艺制备了7075高强铝合金传动空心轴缩比件,并对其轴身的组织性能进行了研究.结果表明,在浇注温度与模具温度分别为700 ℃与250 ℃条件下,随着挤压压力的增大,可逐渐获得结构致密、晶粒细小、力学性能优异的挤压铸造高强铝合金管坯,当压力为160 MPa时,管坯的微观组织呈树枝状、颗粒状与蔷薇状相混合的结构形态,且其抗拉强度及伸长率均达到最大值,分别为545 MPa与8%;断口分析发现,随着挤压压力的增大,7075铝合金经挤压后的断裂模式由解理断裂逐渐转变为塑性断裂.     

Effect of specific pressure on fabrication of 2D-Cf/Al composite by vacuum and pressure infiltration

Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix (C_f/Al) composite has many excellent properties, and it has received more and more attention. Two-dimensional (2D) C_f/Al composites were fabricated by vacuum and pressure infiltration, which was an integrated technique and could provide high vacuum and high infiltration pressure. The effect of specific pressure on the infiltration quality of the obtained composites was comparatively evaluated through microstructure observation. The experimental results show that satisfied C_f/Al composites could be fabricated at the specific pressure of 75 MPa. In this case, the preform was infiltrated much more completely by aluminum alloy liquid, and the residual porosity was seldom found. It is found that the ultimate tensile strength of the obtained C_f/Al composite reached maximum at the specific pressure of 75 MPa, which was improved by 138.9% compared with that of matrix alloy.     

石膏型渗流法制备低密度开孔泡沫铝工艺研究

研究用可溶石膏型预制块制备低密度开孔泡沫铝的工艺。采用不同孔径的聚氨酯网状海绵为母体材料,用石膏粉、硫酸镁、铝矾土和水为配方制备石膏型预制块,并分析了硫酸镁和铝矾土的加入量对石膏型预制块可溶性和抗压强度的影响。通过加压渗流的方法制备出低密度的开孔泡沫铝,并对渗流参数的选择做出总结。结果表明：利用石膏型渗流法制得的开孔泡沫铝相对密度在0．1以下。     

Processing of Aluminum-Graphite Particulate Metal Matrix Composites by Advanced Shear Technology

To extend the possibilities of using aluminum/graphite composites as structural materials, a novel process is developed. The conventional methods often produce agglomerated structures exhibiting lower strength and ductility. To overcome the cohesive force of the agglomerates, a melt conditioned high-pressure die casting (MC-HPDC) process innovatively adapts the well-established, high-shear dispersive mixing action of a twin screw mechanism. The distribution of particles and properties of composites are quantitatively evaluated. The adopted rheo process significantly improved the distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix with a strong interfacial bond between the two. A good combination of improved ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile elongation (ε) is obtained compared with composites produced by conventional processes.     

Technology and mechanism of a new protein-based core sand for aluminum casting

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Fabrication of Short Graphite Fiber Preforms for Liquid Metal Infiltration

Starch-based and paraffin wax (PW)-based binders were used to fabricate short graphite fiber preforms for liquid metal infiltration. The effects of different binder components and debinding process parameters on the properties of short graphite fiber preforms were investigated. The results indicate that the graphite fiber preforms with appropriate porosity of 58-62% and relatively high compressive strength of about 2-3 MPa can be made by starch-based and PW-based binders. The graphite fiber preforms made from the PW-based binder exhibit higher compressive strength than that of the starch-based binder. Graphite fiber reinforced aluminum composites fabricated by utilizing these preforms through vacuum pressure infiltration have relatively high density of 98.5% and thermal conductivity of 186.3 W/m K, proving the applicability of the prepared preforms for liquid metal infiltration.     

Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of graphite/copper composites through interfacial modification

Unidirectionally reinforced graphite/copper composites have been fabricated using a pressure infiltration casting procedure. T300 and T650 graphite fibers have been used to reinforce copper and copperchromium alloys. The effects of the chromium level in the copper matrix on the tensile strength, stiffness, and thermal expansion behavior of the composites have been evaluated through tensile and three-point bend testing, and thermal cycling. At the 0.5 wt% alloying level, chromium increases the stiffness and optimizes the thermal expansion behavior of graphite/copper composites. The longitudinal tensile strengths of these composites are above 1606 MPa, whereas the transverse tensile strengths are lower than 40 MPa due to incomplete infiltration during processing. Scanning electron microscopy analyses reveal that the unalloyed copper matrix composites experienced extensive fiber/matrix debonding under tensile loading. The addition of chromium to the copper increases the level of matrix bonding to the graphite fibers, as evidenced by observations of fractured tensile specimens. Auger electron spectroscopy analyses indicate that a chromium carbide phase present at the interface is responsible for the improved bonding.     

Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Manufactured by High-Pressure Die Casting

Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum was produced by a specially adapted high-pressure die casting process. The MMC has a fiber volume fraction of 27%. Complete infiltration was achieved by preheating the bidirectional, PAN-based carbon fiber body with IR-emitters to temperatures of around 750 °C. The degradation of the fibers, due to attack of atmospheric oxygen at temperatures above 600 °C, was limited by heating them in argon-rich atmosphere. Additionally, the optimization of heating time and temperature prevented fiber degradation. Only the strength of the outer fibers is reduced by 40% at the most. The fibers in core of fiber body are nearly undamaged. In spite of successful manufacturing, the tensile strength of the MMC is below strength of the matrix material. Also unidirectional MMCs with a fiber volume fraction of 8% produced under the same conditions, lack of the reinforcing effect. Two main reasons for the unsatisfactory mechanical properties were identified: First, the fiber-free matrix, which covers the reinforced core, prevents effective load transfer from the matrix to the fibers. And second, the residual stresses in the fiber-free zones are as high as 100 MPa. This causes premature failure in the matrix. From this, it follows that the local reinforcement of an actual part is limited. The stress distribution caused by residual stresses and by loading needs to be known. In this way, the reinforcing phase can be placed and aligned accordingly. Otherwise delamination and premature failure might occur.     

采用反重力渗流法制备开孔泡沫铝(英文)

采用一套新颖的反重力渗流装置制备开孔泡沫铝。研究表明,采用反重力渗流法所制备的泡沫铝,表现出优良的力学性能且几乎没有渗流不足与渗流过度的缺陷;泡沫铝中的空隙度对其力学性能的影响很大,泡沫铝的屈服应力与平台应力均随孔隙度的降低而升高;升高预热温度与保压压强可有效降低泡沫铝中的空隙度。