南京长江第四大桥结构健康监测系统设计

<正>我国已建设成为桥梁大国,桥梁结构健康监测技术正成为大型桥梁工程结构安全运营和养护管理的重要保障技术,桥梁结构健康监测监测方法和技术的研发和应用吸引了我国土木工程领域众多科技工作者极大的兴趣,井得到了快速发展和应用。本文着重研究了南京长江第四大桥结构健康监测系统的设计原则,阐述了桥梁结构健康监测系统的传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统、数据管理子系统以及结构状态识别与综合评估子系统的设计方法和功能要求。     

大跨缆索支承型桥梁健康监测与评估系统的设计研究

随着我国经济迅速发展,对于交通运输能力的要求不断提高,结构健康监测（Structural Health Monitoring,SHM）系统越来越成为大型桥梁运营、养护管理、安全评估与维护的重要技术支撑。本文针对目前国内外大跨桥梁结构健康监测系统中存在的问题,围绕“结构健康监测、日常养护检测系统、周期检测相结合,综合建立大跨桥梁结构状态识别与安全评估系统”的思想,主要就建立大跨缆索支承型桥梁结构健康监测系统中的问题进行了研究,提出了明确的系统的总体设计原则、构成以及功能目标,对系统设计与安全评估目标的关系问题进行了分析研究,阐述了监测项目选择、传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统、数据处理与控制子系统、结构状态识别与安全评估子系统的设计原则或思路。     

中山二桥结构健康监测系统研究与设计

本文介绍中山二桥的健康监测系统,围绕中山二桥运营、管养的需求,研究设计了桥梁结构健康监测系统的总体构成、各子系统的构成及实现方法,确定了监测内容和布点原则,设计了桥梁结构状态识别与评估的方法与策略等。     

基于“北斗系统”的大跨连续梁桥形变监测设计分析

结合大跨连续梁桥结构特点和发展需要,分析了基于"北斗系统"的桥梁健康监测及状态评估系统的组成和设计,以实桥为例对大跨连续梁桥健康监测系统技术工作方案进行了详细介绍,同时探讨了传感器与数据采集系统、数据预处理与传输系统、数据库管理系统与综合评估决策的设计方案,该系统的建立可为同类型桥梁的实时形变健康监测提供参考,为桥梁的维修、养护与管理决策提供依据和指导,对进一步提高公路桥梁的管养水平具有重大意义。     

黄河口模型试验厅钢屋架健康监测系统研究

介绍了黄河口模型试验厅钢屋架结构健康监测系统研究的主要成果,综合评述了该钢屋架工程健康监测的主要进展和关键问题,主要内容包括:构成系统的各个主要子系统、监测项目的确定和布点策略、监测仪器的选择、数据的采集、数据的传输和处理、结构损伤状态识别等。     

大型桥梁结构监测数据库构思与设计

本文以斜拉为背景介绍了大型桥梁结构监测数据库的构思与设计，桥梁结构监测数据库是大型桥梁结构安全性与耐久性综合监测系统的一部分，其任务是保存和处理在桥梁结构系统监测和试验中获得的数据，可输出至格式数据文件，供桥梁损伤识别和安全评估专家系统或其他格式应用使用。     

三层框架模式的桥梁健康监测系统

以山西小沟特大桥工程为例对大跨桥梁健康监测系统的三个组成架构：传感子系统、数据采集传输子系统、远程分析中心子系统进行了介绍。该系统在对桥梁做了近1年的监测,其结果证明,确实能够揭示该桥结构的整体工作状态,为管理部门提供了较详实的信息。     

江阴大桥结构健康监测系统升级改造设计研究

本文在对原系统分析研究的基础上,结合江阴大桥升级改造工程实际,对升级改造的系统构成、监测技术的应用、子系统的设计等方面进行了研究.提出了江阴大桥结构健康监测系统的升级改造的总体要求与思路,明确了升级改造的主要内容.从传感器的布置、数据采集的要求、传感器的技术参数等方面对各个子系统进行了工程设计.针对系统升级改造的总体目标与要求,对江阴大桥结构健康监测系统的系统软件和数据处理进行设计研究.就如何应用监测系统的数据建立运营情况下的江阴大桥评估系统进行了研究,从结构异常状态预警、结构状态识别、结构健康状态评估方法方面进行了设计分析.     

七都大桥北汊桥健康监测系统设计

桥梁健康监测系统已经发展成为桥梁结构健康与安全的重要保障手段。七都大桥北汊桥健康监测系统涵盖了环境因素、车辆荷载、结构响应监测,基于BIM可视化交互系统,运用数据处理技术,结合结构力学分析计算对桥梁结构状态进行实时评估,通过设置报警阈值,及时向桥梁管养单位提供结构安全预警,预防桥梁事故发生,同时提供相应的管养建议。     

中小跨径斜拉桥健康监测系统设计及应用

以某跨径布置为70m+160m+70m=300m的双塔双索面异形塔柱斜拉桥为工程背景,在充分考虑经济性的基础上完成了桥梁轻量级健康监测系统的设计、施工和试运营。基于该系统结合桥梁变形定期测试数据对桥梁的安全运营进行较为全面的把控。系统试运营数据表明：系统运行状况良好,监测传感器实时在线,监测数据实时采集和正常传输,监测系统未出现运行故障,系统建设达到预期目标要求。本文所采用的轻量化健康监测系统与人工定期测量数据相结合的方法可以在充分考虑经济性的基础上完成管养单位对桥梁技术状况的监测需求,可为其他类似桥梁健康监测系统建设提供借鉴作用。     

数据中心监控方案设计

数据中心集中监控系统设计应将各监控子系统作为一个整体来统筹考虑,进行优化设计,使设计的系统具有整体的先进性。本文通过某保险公司数据中心集中监控系统项目方案设计,对数据中心集中监控系统的设计原则(性能、可靠性、互操作性、可扩展性和易维护性)、系统结构、监控软件、操作系统及数据库的选择等进行了阐述,并详细地描述了各监控子系统的功能及特点。     

桥梁安全监测系统设计与应用

基于GNSS/GIS集成技术,设计了一套桥梁安全监测系统,以武汉江汉二桥为应用示范,阐述了基准站、监测站、通讯网络及数据监测中心设备的布设方案,研发了桥梁安全监测系统。该系统可实现对桥梁监测数据的全天候采集、自动快速传输、实时解算处理、监测信息图形显示、阈值预警以及健康评估,为桥梁的管理者提供了决策依据。     

Structural Health Monitoring System for the Shandong Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge

Abstract:   Structural health monitoring (SHM) provides a useful tool for ensuring safety and detecting the evolution of damage and performance deterioration of civil infrastructures. A great number of civil infrastructures under construction can be used as test beds for SHM systems. The Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in Shandong Province, China. An SHM system has been implemented on this bridge during its construction for monitoring its health status and assessing its safety for long-term services. The system includes a sensor module, a data acquisition module, a wired and wireless data transmit module, a structural analysis module, a database module, and a warning module. It is integrated by using LabVIEW software and can be remotely operated via Internet. The database is available freely to all scientists and engineers in the SHM research area. This article introduces the deployment and functions of this system, and presents the measured responses of the bridge subjected to moving vehicle loads.     

Availability function as bridge element’s importance weight in computing overall bridge health index

Abstract

Extensive research has been conducted over the past two decades to evaluate the condition and bridge health index (BHI) of bridges using different performance measures. The International Association for Bridge Management and Safety (IABMAS) has stressed on the growing need to assess the condition state of the bridges by integrating new functionalities and methodologies into bridge management systems (BMS) for better monitoring outcomes. This article presents the development of bridge element importance weight using availability metric computed from element failure time distribution parameters and repair rates. This study investigates the following issues: the availability of bridge elements and subsystems, the evaluation of the criticality rank of bridge components and subsystems using failure and downtime criticality indices and the effect of deterioration of critical elements on the overall operability of the bridge system. The availability index and failure criticality output of selected elements showed that superstructure elements, reinforced concrete column, metal bearings, piling, pile cap/footing and reinforced concrete cap were of more importance (critical) to the bridge system deterioration compared to decks, railings and expansion joints. At the component level, it was observed that movable bridge elements (hydraulics, operator facilities, etc.) were less available based on their downtimes and operational characteristics.     

BIM技术在桥梁承载力评定中的应用

针对桥梁荷载试验及承载力评定中的信息管理问题,通过在建筑信息模型建模软件Revit和SQL Server数据库上进行二次开发,设计系统框架并搭建应用模块,形成一套新的桥梁承载力评定系统。在实桥案例中该系统被应用到一座预应力混凝土T形刚构桥,在某种程度上证明了其应用于实桥的可行性与有效性。结果表明:三维可视化模拟荷载试验相关的所有空间信息与数据信息均通过BIM模型集成管理;通过管理信息数据库,使数据录入、存储、查询和修改,更加方便高效; BIM模型可直接转换成有限元模型,扩展了结构分析功能,使桥梁承载力评定更趋于自动化;可方便比较桥梁试验的历史数据,纵观不同检测时点的指标改变,掌握桥梁现状和变化趋势。     

Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition assessment

It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile in-situ loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.     

Necessity of the bridge health monitoring system to mitigate natural and man-made disasters

In Korea, there has been a wide consensus about the necessity of bridge monitoring systems. This is primarily due to a chain of accidental bridge collapses over the past decade. The first generation bridge monitoring system originated from an instrumentation system introduced upon the reconstruction of the New-Haengju Bridge after its sudden collapse in 1995. After that, on-line instrumentation systems were installed in existing cable-supported bridges including Namhae, Jindo and Dolsan Bridges. These systems can be considered the second generation bridge health monitoring systems (BHMSs). These were then followed by the development of the third generation bridge monitoring systems installed and currently in service on the Seohae and Yeongjong Bridges. This study tracks the background and advent of Korean bridge monitoring systems and their developmental history up to the present time. It also investigates current associated studies in progress and the limitations of contemporary BHMS technologies, and suggests possible remedial solutions for a follow-up bridge monitoring system.     

大佛寺长江大桥健康监测系统

介绍了大佛寺桥的健康监测系统,该健康监测系统由本地子系统和远程监测子系统构成。其中本地子系统包括:(1)光纤应变传感子系统,(2)挠度位移测量子系统,(3)温度传感子系统,(4)动力学测量子系统等四个传感子系统及本地控制和数据处理子系统:而远程监测子系统则包含通信与传输子系统以及远程服务器群等;监测结果通过Internet传送到远端的管理中心。介绍了静态参数监测系统的设计、实施,并给出了各传感子系统的部分监测结果。     

Management of bridges with shallow foundations exposed to local scour

Abstract

The Serbian road network includes a large portion of bridges with shallow foundations vulnerable to local scour as tragically demonstrated during the extreme flooding in May 2014. Currently, the bridge management procedures in Serbia and worldwide do not comprehensively account for a risk of bridge failure due to flooding and fail to provide sufficient information for the decision-making. Thus, a novel methodology for quantitative vulnerability assessment is suggested as a tool to identify the most vulnerable bridges in a network. Herein, the essential task is evaluation of the conditional probability of a bridge failure due to local scour in a flooding event of a certain magnitude. To apply this approach on a network level, there is a dire need to establish precise practice-ready guidelines on an optimal set of information to be used and/or collected in situ, which is discussed on an example of the Serbian bridge database. The vulnerability of a bridge to local scour may be used as a comprehensive indicator of a bridge performance in a flooding event. For a network level, the vulnerability maps with respect to flooding of different magnitudes will give road operators crucial information to apply adequate quality control plans to vulnerable bridges.     

地铁施工监测信息系统的设计与开发

目前地铁施工监测数据的文件管理模式已无法满足大量监测数据快速分析和长期安全保存的要求。本文提出了基于分布式数据库技术和网络技术的信息化解决方案,即建立一套以分布式数据库为数据存储方式、采用计算机网络作为传输和共享平台的地铁施工监测信息系统,让用户及时、准确地获取各施工现场的监测信息。