北京市再生水综合利用策略研究

再生水资源的综合利用是解决北京市水资源紧缺与水环境污染问题的可行对策。根据北京市污水处理现状与规划，计算了再生水可回用量，从水质角度对北京市再生水回用于农业、景观河道补水、市政生活杂用及工业等途径进行了分析，提出了北京市再生水综合利用应采取加强宣传力度，健全政策法规，开展北京市再生水综合利用规划与技术体系研究等策略。     

市政再生水逐级处理分质利用的实践探索

为探索工业企业经济利用市政再生水途径，以北京首钢冷轧薄板有限公司为例分析了工业企业各用水种类的水质需求，甄别出操作性强的水质控制参数；按照用水水质需求将工业企业用水（生活水除外）归类为绿化水、冲洗水、间接生产用水、直接生产用水4种类型。通过与市政再生水处理工艺的耦合匹配，实现了市政再生水的逐级处理、分质利用，并对“双膜法”处理市政再生水工业利用过程中存在的问题进行总结并提出相应措施，解决了市政再生水深度处理系统运行不稳定的问题。     

工业园区污水处理及再生水回用研究——以宁波石化经济技术开发区为例

分析了宁波石化经济技术开发区污水处理及再生水回用存在问题和特点,研究了园区污水处理和再生水回用的可行性,总结了园区污水处理和再生水回用的特点和模式,并提出了未来园区污水处理和再生水回用发展的对策建议。     

再生水利用--缺水城市的水资源

北京是一个水资源严重短缺的城市,再生水的科学合理利用关系到北京市经济和社会可持续发展.要科学合理利用再生水,必须做好规划,统一开发,合理调配,区别不同用户、不同用途,统筹安排,做到优水优用,在园林绿化、河湖景观补水及其他市政杂用方面,尽可能多地使用再生水替代自来水和天然水源,缓解北京水资源紧缺的压力.     

黑龙江省再生水利用现状评估及配置建议研究

开发利用再生水资源是缓解城市水资源紧张、解决新老水问题的重要途径之一。本文从再生水利用现状评估角度出发,对黑龙江省再生水利用水平、健全政策法规等方面进行了梳理,总结了现状再生水利用中存在的问题。为推动黑龙江省级再生水试点建设,在工业生产、市政杂用、生态环境等领域提出了加强再生水利用配置的相关建议,为其他类似地区再生水利用配置提供借鉴参考。     

城市再生水利用规划中再生水用户的确定

城市再生水利用规划对一个城市再生水系统的建设起着重要的引导作用。再生水用户的确定是再生水利用规划首要及关键的环节,涉及到再生水厂规模、工艺,同时也决定着整个再生水输配系统的布置。景观、工业、城市杂用等低质用水户是首要的考虑对象,同时各个城市还需要根据自身水资源供需及经济发展情况,合理地确定用户,以确保再生水利用规划的系统性、科学性和可行性,对城市的再生水系统建设真正起到引导作用。     

长春市再生水利用规划研究

将再生水纳入长春市城市水资源总体配置,从整体上缓解水资源供需矛盾、恢复水生态、保护水环境、塑造水文化、提高城市安全,是长春市水资源战略重要策略。文章以长春市再生水利用为例,分析再生水现状存在的问题,确定发展目标和思路,优化资源配置,制定再生水利用中长期规划方案,并从社会、环境、生态和经济方面进行了效益分析。     

新时期工业园区规划初探——以东莞为例

1.工业园区规划的涵义工业园区规划是城市规划工作的重要组成部分,指在一定区域内,针对工业开发,就工业生产的定位、布局、开发规模及相应配套设施所做的规划。按大小可以分为工业园区总体规划和控制性详细规划,针对某一特定地块也可以制定修建性详细规划。园区总体规划一般应包括园区选址、定位、功能划分及配套设施等各类用地的确定;控制性详细规划则侧重于园区内地块各项指标,特别是容积率、建筑密度、绿化率等各类开发强度指标的确定以及市政基础设施     

延庆区再生水利用现状与发展分析

通过对北京市延庆区的水资源、供水及污水排放与再生水利用情况进行系统的分析,指出目前延庆区再生水利用存在的问题;以安全、生态、高效为宗旨,对延庆2020年再生水的供水量与需求量进行分析,得出在满足工业、绿化、农业以及市政杂用等不同行业利用再生水的需求基础上,富余的再生水全部回补河道,达到供需平衡;同时从统筹规划合理配置再生水、加快再生水设施建设、严格再生水水质水量管理等方面提出提高再生水利用效率的对策和措施,通过合理利用再生水可节约大量地表水和地下水,促进了循环经济发展和资源节约型社会的构建;同时为世园会、冬奥会举办创造优美水环境提供了水源保障。     

公共建筑园区绿地节水灌溉系统综合设计探索

针对北运河管理处迁建项目园区绿地灌溉之前一直用井水和自来水,根据园区实际情况进行园区绿地节水灌溉系统设计,综合集成雨水收集利用技术、再生水利用技术、绿地节水灌溉技术、绿地灌溉智能化管控技术,实现园区灌溉多水源联调,优先利用雨水,充分利用临近小中河再生水、地下水作为应急备用水源;并贯彻海绵城市建设理念,最大限度蓄积利用雨洪水,增加地下水入渗补给,提升园区水生态环境。项目的实施提高了经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益。     

Decision-Support System for Domestic Water Demand Forecasting and Management

A decision support system (DFMS) for forecastingdomestic water demand including demand management was developedas part of a highly integrated decision-support system forriver-basin management. The system provides water resourcesplanners with the facilities for estimating future water demandfor domestic use for any demand region and time period, havingregard, to the possibility of introducing demand managementmeasures. The system has the capability of predicting domestic-water demand by various methods according to data availability.It can compute conservation effectiveness due to theimplementation of various demand-management measures,forecasting the number of customers for different consumptionunits (person, household and water connection) and facilitatingthe development of demand-scenarios for evaluating variousoptions. In general, the system comprises of the followingcomponents: (1) geographic information system, (2) databasemanagement system, (3) expert system, (4) multi-decisioncomponent, (5) prediction models, (6) user-interface, (7) hypertext files. The system has been tested and demonstratedusing the data of Swindon demand zone of Thames Water Utility.     

东江定南水下历河水质特征变化及污染成因分析

东江源区已成为国家生态补偿试点及珠江流域水资源保护规划典型试点区域.本文综合运用单因子指数评价法、均值型污染指数法、季节性肯达尔检验法及等标污染负荷法,基于东江水定南水下历河2003~2014年水质监测资料和2013年排污调查资料,从水功能区水质现状、水质演变趋势、主要污染物等方面分析了该河段水质特征变化.结果表明该河段饮用水源区水质清洁,保留区重污染,工业用水区严重污染.稀土冶炼、农业开发、污水处理厂废水排污是该河段主要污染原因,并由此提出相应的治理措施.     

我国水生态格局与保护现状

我国流域水循环支撑的河流、湖沼湿地以及河口近岸海域,生态系统类型复杂。针对我国水生态保护方面存在的问题提出对策,一是水生态自然保护区的部分生态需水过程不能保障,区域生态用地问题凸显,建议加强水生态保护区上游的水利工程调度管理,尽快开展最小生态用地的研究与管理;二是水生态保护区部门分割,完整性差,需要整合不同目标的水生态保护区,以生态系统进行保护,纳入水功能区,实行以流域为单元的统一管理。     

水资源约束下城市需水量预测研究

在分析需水量预测和水资源约束的基础上,本文探讨了水资源约束的量化指标。提出城市需水量预测应和水资源约束结合,并将水资源约束系数引入需水量预测中。应用BP网络,建立了水资源约束下的城市需水量预测模型。本文以郑州市为例,应用预测模型进行需水量预测,并对预测结果进行了分析。结果表明:本文建立的模型具有一定的实用价值,为区域的发展规划、供水工程规划以及节水规划提供更科学的依据。     

Appraising the accuracy of GIS-based Multi-criteria decision making technique for delineation of Groundwater potential zones

Increased demand of water in different sectors and restriction of water resources, necessitate the planning of groundwater recharge. In this study, groundwater potential zone are delineated by combining remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques in the Durg district, Chhattisgarh. Groundwater potential zones prepared using various thematic layers viz. geology, slope, land-use, lineament, drainage, soil, and rainfall. The thematic layers and their features were assigned suitable weights on the Saaty’s scale according to their relative significance for ground water occurrence. The assigned weights of the layers and their features were normalized by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and eigenvector method finally; the selected thematic maps were integrated using weighted linear combination method to create the final ground water potential zone map. Each criterion/factor was assigned an appropriate weight based on Saaty’s 9 point scale and the weights were normalized through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The process was integrated in the GIS environment to produce the groundwater potential prediction map of the study area. The groundwater potential map of the Durg district was found to be 75 % and 56 % accurate for seven and four factors respectively. The ground water potential zone map was finally validated using the groundwater depth data from 16 pumping wells respectively in the study area.     

Simulation supported scenario analysis for water resources planning: a case study in northern Italy.

The work presents the results of a comprehensive modelling study of surface and groundwater resources in the Muzza-Bassa Lodigiana irrigation district, in Northern Italy. It assesses the impact of changes in land use and irrigation water availability on the distribution of crop water consumption in space and time, as well as on the groundwater resources. A distributed, integrated surface water-groundwater simulation system was implemented and applied to the study area. The system is based on the coupling of a conceptual vadose zone model with the groundwater model MODFLOW. To assess the impact of land use and irrigation water availability on water deficit for crops as well as on groundwater system in the area, a number of management scenarios were identified and compared with a base scenario, reflecting the present conditions. Changes in land use may alter significantly both total crop water requirement and aquifer recharge. Water supply is sufficient to meet demand under present conditions and, from the crop water use viewpoint, a reduction of water availability has a positive effect on the overall irrigation system efficiency; however, evapotranspiration deficit increases, concentrated in July and August, when it may be critical for maize crops.     

Integrated Resource Planning for Water and Wastewater

Abstract

This paper describes the use of integrated resource planning for water and wastewater service provision by a major urban water utility. This methodology aims to meet the water and sewerage needs of the community at the least cost and includes an explicit analysis of the costs and benefits of measures that reduce the demand for water and the discharge of wastewater effluent. It therefore requires disaggregation of the demand for water into end-uses and a consideration of the linkages between the water supply and sewerage components of the business. This approach has significant advantages in economic, environmental, and social terms. The case study results indicate that significant investments in water efficiency programs are justified on economic grounds, particularly where augmentation of water and sewerage infrastructure is planned. Three studies undertaken as part of Sydney Water's efforts to integrate supply- and demand-side planning are described in this paper: first, a major integrated resource planning exercise designed to reduce demand for water by up to 35 percent, costing more than AU$25 million; second, a case study in a series of small towns where the benefits arise from reducing the capacity of sewage treatment plants by reducing wastewater flow; and third, in a major industrial region where water efficiency measures integrated with reuse measures reduce overall costs.     

浅谈水电施工企业全面预算管理

针对水电施工企业全面预算管理的制约因素,讨论了如何树立正确、科学的全面预算管理理 念,即构建科学合理的多层级全面预算管理组织体系,完善企业的内部管理系统,建立健全内部预算 定额,加强适应集约化、科学化管理需求的信息化建设,全面提高企业管理水平和经营效率,实现企 业价值最大化。)     

The Role of Desalination in Meeting Water Supply Demands in Western Asia

Abstract

The increasing gap between the supply and demand for water in the Economic and Social Commission of Western Asia (ESCWA) member countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) can be attributed to the limited availability of surface water, mining of fossil groundwater sources, and water pollution mainly of shallow aquifers, deficient institutional structure, poor management processes, and inapt allocation of financial resources. The non-sustainable use of natural water resources to meet the escalating water demand has also contributed to the depletion and deterioration of water quality and quantity. To meet water supply shortages in the domestic sector, water desalination has been entrenched as a viable option for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which includes the following countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. The objective of the paper is to investigate the role of water desalination in meeting the water demands in the ESCWA member countries. The significant role of desalination is highlighted with emphasis in evaluating not only its production trends, processes, and costs, but also its capacity in the provision of water demands. Water desalination has become a major and staunch water source for a number of large urban centers. For such countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar and the coastal zone areas of Oman, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Arabia, desalination represents one of the most feasible and strategic alternative options for their current and future domestic water supply requirement. Given the high consumption rate from this source and its high production cost, fundamental efforts must be integrated and invested in both research and development programs to implement comprehensive conservation measures that would lead to a reduction in the consumption rates. Parallel to these achievements, efforts should be directed within the context of integrated management of water resources, to identify alternative potential water resources, to meet future water challenges.     

Designing a Hydrological Real-Time System for Surface Water and Groundwater in Denmark with Engagement of Stakeholders

Increasing attention on extreme hydrological events has created considerable demand for real-time information on surface water, groundwater and the unsaturated zone. In the present study, we describe how to convert a national water resources model (DK-model) covering the entire freshwater cycle in Denmark to real-time application. We have engaged stakeholders in the process of designing a hydrological real-time system. The participatory approach has been supported by a web-based questionnaire survey and a participatory workshop. A system prototype presented to the stakeholders simulates groundwater levels, streamflow and water content in the root zone with a lead time of 48 h. The active engagement of stakeholders has provided very valuable insights and feedbacks regarding how model and data should be combined in a real-time to best supporting water resources management.