欧盟新成员国的可再生能源资源利用状况

欧盟国家的主要能源是化石燃料，将近2／3依靠进口。预计未来化石燃料在欧洲能源平衡方面的作用还将增强，进口能源将占能源消耗总量的70％以上。另一方面，发展可再生能源资源是欧盟能源政策的一个中心目标。     

欧盟可再生能源发电上网电价机制及对我国的启示

上网电价机制是欧盟各国可再生能源发电政策的重要组成部分,虽然各国具体做法和政策重点有所不同,但其基本理念具有相通之处。与欧盟各国政策相比,我国现行上网电价机制仍有需要完善的地方。文章分析了欧盟可再生能源发电上网电价机制及其特点,提出了完善我国可再生能源上网电价机制的建议。     

欧盟的可再生能源促进政策对我们的启示

在环境问题的严峻挑战下,欧盟将可再生能源发展确立为关键的能源战略之一。欧盟在坚持固定电价制的同时确立可再生能源发电总量目标,在推进电力市场化改革的基础上强化对可再生电力的支持,并通过建立有效的化石燃料财税制度为可再生能源发展提供更广阔的空间。     

欧盟可再生电力法经验及启示

一、可再生能源在欧盟能源政策中的地位 在讨论能源问题时，我们往往会遇到这样的悖论：几乎每一个能源规划都是为了满足未来日益增长的能源需求；同时，一个与此背道而驰的话题是，控制能源消耗以减少温室气体尤其是二氧化碳的排放，遏制无法逆转的后果。据预计，2025年全球碳排放量将达到38790百万公吨，超过1990年排放水平的81％。     

欧盟可再生能源发展到2010年将达到12%

欧盟可再生能源发展到2010年将占到总能源消费量的12%。为了确保其目标的实现,他们将目标按行业分解到各成员国,并要求各成员国制定相应的政策和措施保证其目标的实现。本文分析了欧盟实现该目标的可能性,介绍了欧洲可再生能源产业界在欧盟目标的基础上发布的2020年产业发展目标。     

印度可再生能源发展状况

20世纪 40年代末 ,印度已有沼气厂和改进型灶具等可再生能源技术 ,但中等以上规模的项目在 1 973年的能源危机之后才得以发展。印度政府对可再生能源一直非常重视 ,1 982年在印度能源部下设了非常规能源司 (ＤＮＥＳ)。至 1 992年 ,非常规能源司升级为非常规能源部 (ＭＮＥＳ) ,以推广商品化或近商品化的可再生能源技术。1 993年中期 ,非常规能源部增强技术力量 ,通过设计与开发及实施大规模示范项目推广可再生能源技术 ,并创建了许多技术支持中心 ,帮助制造商提高技术 ,认证政府购置的设备的质量。以可再生能源的商业化和市场导向为中心 ,…     

世界可再生能源发展概况和我国发展目标

本文从可持续发展战略高度,观察世界可再生能源发展趋势和我国发展目标,加深对可再生能源发展意义的认识。     

我国可再生能源政策与建议

阐述了我国发展可再生能源的必要性及其重要的现实意义，概述了国家对发展可再生能源的立场及其对支持可再生能源发展所实施的宏观政策、对外开放政策、经济政策及一系列的可再生能源工程，并针对实践中就政策的不足之处提出了完善的建议。     

Offshore wind development in China and its future with the existing renewable policy

Based on independent studies, this paper focuses on the significant discrepancy of 15 GW between the installed onshore wind generation capacity and what has been actually connected to the power network to reveal the challenges in meeting the Chinese renewable energy target. The recent accidents in Chinese North-Western transmission network (in February–April, 2011) demonstrated the urgent need for a fundamental review of the Chinese renewable energy policy. Offshore wind has been identified as the most feasible alternative to onshore wind to help deliver electricity to Eastern China during the summer peak time. By investigating and summarizing first hand experiences of participation in the Chinese renewable market, the authors provide the economic figures of the first cohort of Chinese offshore wind schemes. Large state owned enterprises (SOE) are dominating the offshore wind development, repeating their previous practices on the land. While this paper acknowledges the critical role of offshore wind generation in meeting Chinese renewable energy targets, it envisages an installed offshore capacity of approximately 2000 MW by 2015, much less than the 10000 MW governmental estimation, which can be attributed to the lack of detailed energy policy, network constraints, offshore wind installation difficulties and quality issues in the manufacture of turbines.     

Energy security in Group of Seven (G7): a quantitative approach for renewable energy policy

This study examined the renewable energies and their impact on the economies of the Group of Seven (G7) countries. Results showed that the electricity produced from wind energy in the United States and then Germany is more than any other member countries. Due to its voluminous volcanoes, Italy has had favorable conditions for the development of geothermal energy, which has led it to be used as an efficient energy source in Italy. Results also showed that the installed capacity of geothermal systems is the lowest and hydropower systems are the highest in all G7 countries. It also concluded that, despite the high share of hydropower energy from total renewable energy capacity, the use of wind and solar energies is rapidly rising. As a result, it found that the development of solar energy occurs faster than the other renewable energies.     

英国可再生能源政策及启示

介绍了美国政府支持新能源、可再生能源发展及高耗能企业调控的做法、对策和取得的成效,并谈了体会和建议。     

福建省可再生能源强制性配额政策框架与实施方案的初步研究

福建省具有丰富的可再生能源资源，具有一定的产业发展基础，但是福建的可再生能源发展还存在一些问题，需要建立新的发展政策框架。首先选择强制性配额政策作为政策框架的核心，以强制性手段明确未来的发展目标；其次，制定明确的政策实施方案，包括引入市场机制、价格分摊机制以及实施减免税等措施，降低生产成本，减少可再生能源的上网障碍和价格分摊的难度。     

Energy diversification in Finland: achievements and potential of renewable energy development

Finland was an early adopter of several alternative energy technologies, particularly in biomass and hydropower energy for many years. The main policy in the Finnish energy and climate sectors is to increase the exploitation of renewable energy sources while reducing CO₂ emissions. Meanwhile, a successful energy policy should achieve three conflicting objectives: clean, cheap, and secure energy. The development of renewables in Finland has lagged that of other EU countries, particularly in fields such as wind power in recent years. This article discusses about the history, current status, and potentials of the major renewable and local energy in order of utilisation in Finland. It is seen that the major contributors to replacing carbon-based fuels are likely to be biomass and wind power, with geothermal and solar energy sources to play a lesser role.     

The evolving role of carbon finance in promoting renewable energy development in China

The world is negotiating what the international climate change regime will look like after 2012—the year that current Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets expire—and the future of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is under discussion. Critics claim the scale of reductions that the CDM is driving in the developing world is insufficient from a scientific perspective if we are to avoid dangerous climate change, that the project-by-project crediting process is inefficient, and that the reductions being achieved are not “additional”—meaning they would have happened anyway and thus should not be financially supported. Yet, the efficacy of CDM must be examined in the broader context of carbon mitigation in the developing world and the actions that are taking place. This paper examines the role that the CDM has played in promoting renewable energy development in China in order to assess how international carbon finance can best be used to help promote emissions mitigation in the developing world. It also assesses how several options under consideration for reforming the current structure of the CDM in particular and developing country engagement in general may impact renewable energy development in China in the coming years.     

试论可再生能源技术在农村地区推广的市场化前景

我国农村可再生能源技术的市场化仍然面临诸多障碍,但随着可再生能源产业政策体系的完善,融资渠道的多元化和相关服务体系的建立,可再生能源技术推广的市场环境将会得到进一步改善.我国主要可再生能源技术在农村地区推广的市场化前景广阔,未来工作的关键是抓好政策制定、扩大宣传、降低成本和积极进行项目示范.     

国内外可再生能源政策综述与进一步促进我国可再生能源发展的建议

介绍了国内外促进可再生能源发展的法律法规、价格、投资、税收、金融、进出口、产业化等方面的主要政策;指出了我国针对可再生能源发展已经建立了比较全面的优惠政策体系,但操作措施的力度尚需要加强;为此提出了制定可再生能源发电上网的若干规定、可再生能源专项基金、税收优惠和优惠贷款政策以及相应的机构能力建设的具体建议。     

荷兰可再生能源政策及其实践

介绍了荷兰政府为促进可再生能源发展而制订的法律、法规、目标、实施途径和实践。荷兰可再生能源大规模开发利用始于20世纪80年代，90年代末达到高峰。但由于政策的变化导致可再生能源研究、开发、生产和利用呈现下降趋势。随着欧洲一体化进程，荷兰重新修改制定了其能源政策以重振可再生能源产业。