Light‐Driven ZnO Brush‐Shaped Self‐Propelled Micromachines for Nitroaromatic Explosives Decomposition

Self‐propelled micromachines have recently attracted lots of attention for environmental remediation. Developing a large‐scale but template‐free fabrication of self‐propelled rod/tubular micro/nanomotors is very crucial but still challenging. Here, a new strategy based on vertically aligned ZnO arrays is employed for the large‐scale and template‐free fabrication of self‐propelled ZnO‐based micromotors with H₂O₂‐free light‐driven propulsion ability. Brush‐shaped ZnO‐based micromotors with different diameters and lengths are fully studied, which present a fast response to multicycles UV light on/off switches with different interval times (2/5 s) in pure water and slow directional motion in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the absence of UV light. Light‐induced electrophoretic and self‐diffusiophoretic effects are responsible for these two different self‐motion behaviors under different conditions, respectively. In addition, the pH of the media and the presence of H₂O₂ show important effects on the motion behavior and microstructure of the ZnO‐based micromotors. Finally, these novel ZnO‐based brush‐shaped micromotors are demonstrated in a proof‐of‐concept study on nitroaromatic explosive degradation, i.e., picric acid. This work opens a completely new avenue for the template‐free fabrication of brush‐shaped light‐responsive micromotors on a large scale based on vertically aligned ZnO arrays.     

面向ID&E感性认知协同的机床外观造型设计研究

目的 为了解决机床防护外观设计过程中工业设计与工程的感性认知协同问题,更好地寻求和增强双方对机床外观的认知共识,提高设计的效率和明确性,进而提高我国机床产业的整体竞争力。方法 将扎根理论的定性研究与感性工学的定量研究相结合,首先通过扎根理论聚类并提炼工业设计与工程领域存在共识的感性意向词汇;然后,使用语义差异法对代表性样本进行影响因子和造型特征元素分析,明确双方可协同的机床设计元素与感性认知的映射关系;最后,基于相应具体案例需求进行设计实践。结论 明确了机床外观设计过程中关于工业设计和工程双方存在协同认知的若干影响因子及其对应的典型感性词汇,构建了面向机床防护外观设计流程的ID&E感性认知协同系统,为机床外观设计领域提供有效的方法参考和优化思路。     

研发关键零部件是推动我国机床行业发展的关键

在分析了我国床行业存在的问题，比较了中日两国在采用“引进→消化吸收→技术创新”模式时的不同点，并指出我国在采用这一模式时存在的弊端后，提出了超高速电主轴、直线电机、CNC控制器及集成电路芯片等关键零部件生产技术的引进及组织专业化生产是推动我国机床行业发展的关键。     

A Hybrid SPC Method with the Chi‐Square Distance Monitoring Procedure for Large‐scale,Complex Process Data

Standard multivariate statistical process control (SPC) techniques, such as Hotelling's T², cannot easily handle large‐scale, complex process data and often fail to detect out‐of‐control anomalies for such data. We develop a computationally efficient and scalable Chi‐Square ( ) Distance Monitoring (CSDM) procedure for monitoring large‐scale, complex process data to detect out‐of‐control anomalies, and test the performance of the CSDM procedure using various kinds of process data involving uncorrelated, correlated, auto‐correlated, normally distributed, and non‐normally distributed data variables. Based on advantages and disadvantages of the CSDM procedure in comparison with Hotelling's T² for various kinds of process data, we design a hybrid SPC method with the CSDM procedure for monitoring large‐scale, complex process data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Algorithm for NC Turret Punch Press Tool Location and Hit Sequencing

This article proposes a new heuristic algorithm for minimizing part programs for numerical control (NC) punch presses. The part program contains the order in which the holes are punched into the part and the assignments of the tools to the indexing turret. The problem is broken down into two classical subproblems: the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and the quadratic assignment problem (QAP). By generating a feasible solution and then alternately improving the subproblems, good solutions are obtained in reasonable time. The algorithm is described, and then empirical results are given for applying the algorithm to real and randomly generated problems.