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1.
Chih‐Yu Chang Lijian Zuo Hin‐Lap Yip Yongxi Li Chang‐Zhi Li Chain‐Shu Hsu Yen‐Ju Cheng Hongzheng Chen Alex K.‐Y. Jen 《Advanced functional materials》2013,23(40):5084-5090
The versatility of a fluoro‐containing low band‐gap polymer, poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(5‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐benzothia‐diazole)] (PCPDTFBT) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) applications is demonstrated. High boiling point 1,3,5‐trichlorobenzene (TCB) is used as a solvent to manipulate PCPDTFBT:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layer morphology to obtain high‐performance single‐junction devices. It promotes the crystallization of PCPDTFBT polymer, thus improving the charge‐transport properties of the active layer. By combining the morphological manipulation with interfacial optimization and device engineering, the single‐junction device exhibits both good air stability and high power‐conversion efficiency (PCE, of 6.6%). This represents one of the highest PCE values for cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b’]dithiophene (CPDT)‐based OPVs. This polymer is also utilized for constructing semitransparent solar cells and double‐junction tandem solar cells to demonstrate high PCEs of 5.0% and 8.2%, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Antonio Gaetano Ricciardulli Sheng Yang Gert‐Jan A. H. Wetzelaer Xinliang Feng Paul W. M. Blom 《Advanced functional materials》2018,28(14)
The research on transparent conductive electrodes is in rapid ascent in order to respond to the requests of novel optoelectronic devices. The synergic coupling of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and high‐quality solution‐processable exfoliated graphene (EG) enables an efficient transparent conductor with low‐surface roughness of 4.6 nm, low sheet resistance of 13.7 Ω sq?1 at high transmittance, and superior mechanical and chemical stabilities. The developed AgNWs–EG films are versatile for a wide variety of optoelectronics. As an example, when used as a bottom electrode in organic solar cell and polymer light‐emitting diode, the devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 6.6% and an external quantum efficiency of 4.4%, respectively, comparable to their commercial indium tin oxide counterparts. 相似文献
4.
Large‐area, ultrathin light‐emitting devices currently inspire architects and interior and automotive designers all over the world. Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) belong to the most promising next‐generation device concepts for future flexible and large‐area lighting technologies. Both concepts incorporate solution‐based fabrication techniques, which makes them attractive for low cost applications based on, for example, roll‐to‐roll fabrication or inkjet printing. However, both concepts have unique benefits that justify their appeal. LECs comprise ionic species in the active layer, which leads to the omission of additional organic charge injection and transport layers and reactive cathode materials, thus LECs impress with their simple device architecture. QD‐LEDs impress with purity and opulence of available colors: colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanocrystals that show high yield light emission, which can be easily tuned over the whole visible spectrum by material composition and size. Emerging technologies that unite the potential of both concepts (LEC and QD‐LED) are covered, either by extending a typical LEC architecture with additional QDs, or by replacing the entire organic LEC emitter with QDs or perovskite nanocrystals, still keeping the easy LEC setup featured by the incorporation of mobile ions. 相似文献
5.
Dongsheng Xie Yue Zhang Xiyue Yuan Youle Li Fei Huang Yong Cao Chunhui Duan 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(11):2212601
Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their promising prospect in building-integrated photovoltaics. Generally, efficient ST-OSCs with good average visible transmittance (AVT) can be realized by developing active layer materials with light absorption far from the visible light range. Herein, the development of ultrawide bandgap polymer donors with near-ultraviolet absorption, paired with near-infrared acceptors, is proposed to achieve high-performance ST-OSCs. The key points for the design of ultrawide bandgap polymers include constructing donor–donor type conjugated skeleton, suppressing the quinoidal resonance effect, and minimizing the twist of conjugated skeleton via noncovalent conformational locks. As a proof of concept, a polymer named PBOF with an optical bandgap of 2.20 eV is synthesized, which exhibited largely reduced overlap with the human eye photopic response spectrum and afforded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% in opaque device. As a result, ST-OSCs with a PCE over 10% and an AVT over 30% are achieved without optical modulation. Moreover, colorful ST-OSCs with visual aesthetics can be achieved by tuning the donor/acceptor weight ratio in active layer benefiting from the ultrawide bandgap nature of PBOF. This study demonstrates the great potential of ultrawide bandgap polymers for efficient colorful ST-OSCs. 相似文献
6.
In this contribution, it is shown that the method of laser‐desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LDI‐TOF‐MS) is a powerful technique for analyzing complete organic devices, such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or organic solar cells. LDI‐TOF‐MS has the potential to analyze fully processed organic devices without special pretreatment such as dissolving the device, peeling off the metal cathode, or using additional matrix materials. Thus, devices may be analysed as they are with a minimum of measurement artefacts. It is demonstrated that the method allows an analysis of complex organic multilayer devices, their composition, and incorporated impurities. It even allows possible electrochemical reaction products caused by device degradation to be analyzed. Thus, LDI‐TOF‐MS has major advantages compared to measurements of dissolved samples. As an example, the identification of all of the materials used in a complete OLED is shown. Furthermore, a detailed chemical analysis of long‐term driven OLEDs, including the detection of degradation products, is presented. From these data, several degradation mechanisms can be distinguished. 相似文献
7.
8.
Heinz Bässler Daniel Kroh Franz Schauer Vojtech Nádaždy Anna Köhler 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(9):2007738
Although the density of states (DOS) distribution of charge transporting states in an organic semiconductor is vital for device operation, its experimental assessment is not at all straightforward. In this work, the technique of energy resolved–electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER-EIS) is employed to determine the DOS distributions of valence (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)) as well as electron (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)) states in several organic semiconductors in the form of neat and blended films. In all cases, the core of the inferred DOS distributions are Gaussians that sometimes carry low energy tails. A comparison of the HOMO and LUMO DOS of P3HT inferred from ER-EIS and photoemission (PE) or inverse PE (IPE) spectroscopy indicates that the PE/IPE spectra are by a factor of 2–3 broader than the ER-EIS spectra, implying that they overestimate the width of the distributions. A comparison of neat films of MeLPPP and SF-PDI2 or PC(61)BM with corresponding blends reveals an increased width of the DOS in the blends. The results demonstrate that this technique does not only allow mapping the DOS distributions over five orders of magnitude and over a wide energy window of 7 eV, but can also delineate changes that occur upon blending. 相似文献
9.
10.
Wei Song Kuibao Yu Erjun Zhou Lin Xie Ling Hong Jinfeng Ge Jinsheng Zhang Xiaoli Zhang Ruixiang Peng Ziyi Ge 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(30):2102694
Ultraflexible and ultra-lightweight organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted great attention in terms of power supply in wearable electronic systems. Here, ultrathin and ultra-lightweight OSCs, with a total thickness of less than 3 µm, with excellent mechanical properties in terms of their flexibility and ability to be stretched are demonstrated. A stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.5% and unprecedented power-per-weight of 32.07 W g−1 at a weight of 4.83 g m−2 is achieved, which represents one of the best-performing OSCs based on ultrathin foils substrate reported to date. The ternary strategy introduces the third component of amorphous conformation of the PC71BM molecule, which can slightly reduce crystallization and aggregates without decreasing the electron mobility, thereby reducing rigidity and brittleness of the active layer. The increase in the ductility of the active layer significantly improves the mechanical flexibility of the device, resulting in over 90% retention in the PCE after 200 stretching–compression cycles. In addition, the ternary device exhibits excellent stability when stored in a N2-filled glove box, resulting in the PCE retaining over 95% of its initial efficiency even after 1000 h. This ultraflexible and ultra-lightweight photovoltaic foils constitute a major step toward the integration of power supply into malleable electronic textiles. 相似文献
11.
Zhenye Wang Meichen Xu Zhilin Li Yerun Gao Lvpeng Yang Di Zhang Ming Shao 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(35):2103534
Stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) simultaneously possessing high-efficiency and robust mechanical properties are ideal power generators for the emerging wearable and portable electronics. Herein, after incorporating a low amount of trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) additive, the intrinsic stretchability of PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is greatly improved from 5% to 20% strain without sacrificing the photovoltaic performance. The intimate multi-layers stacking of OSCs is also realized with the transfer printing method assisted by electrical adhesive “glue” D-Sorbitol. The resultant devices with 84% electrode transmittance exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.1%, which is among the highest efficiency for intrinsically stretchable OSCs to date. The stretchable OSCs also demonstrate the ultra-flexibility, stretchability, and mechanical robustness, which keep the PCE almost unchanged at small bending radium of 2 mm for 300 times bending cycles and retain 86.7% PCE under tensile strain as large as 20% for the devices with 70% electrode transmittance. The results provide a universal method to fabricate highly efficient intrinsically stretchable OSCs. 相似文献
12.
A room‐temperature HNO3 treatment method is developed that significantly enhances the conductivity of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film, which is one of the most promising transparent conducting materials. The PEDOT:PSS film treated with HNO3 exhibits a conductivity as high as 4100 S cm−1, which is the highest value among reported conductivities achieved by treatments at room temperature. The mechanism of this conductivity enhancement is elucidated by means of electrical, optical, structural, and compositional characterizations of the PEDOT:PSS films. The HNO3 treatment induces phase separation and crystallization in the (100) and (200) directions of PEDOT:PSS through selective removal of the PSS domains. This rearrangement significantly increases the conductivity through an enhancement of the inter‐chain interaction between the conducting polymers. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that adopt these films as counter electrodes are developed as an example of practical applications. Using the HNO3‐treated PEDOT:PSS films, a power‐conversion efficiency of 8.59% is achieved for Pt/fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)‐free DSSCs. This study demonstrates that a facile HNO3 treatment at room temperature is one of the most promising methods for obtaining highly conductive and transparent PEDOT:PSS films, and it facilitates the commercial use of PEDOT:PSS in next‐generation transparent electrodes. 相似文献
13.
Bong‐Gi Kim Chang‐Gua Zhen Eun Jeong Jeong John Kieffer Jinsang Kim 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(8):1606-1612
The relationship between the exciton binding energies of several pure organic dyes and their chemical structures is explored using density functional theory calculations in order to optimize the molecular design in terms of the light‐to‐electric energy‐conversion efficiency in dye‐sensitized solar cell devices. Comparing calculations with measurements reveals that the exciton binding energy and quantum yield are inversely correlated, implying that dyes with lower exciton binding energy produce electric current from the absorbed photons more efficiently. When a strong electron‐accepting moiety is inserted in the middle of the dye framework, the light‐to‐electric energy‐conversion behavior significantly deteriorates. As verified by electronic‐structure calculations, this is likely due to electron localization near the electron‐deficient group. The combined computational and experimental design approach provides insight into the functioning of organic photosensitizing dyes for solar‐cell applications. This is exemplified by the development of a novel, all‐organic dye (EB‐01) exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of over 9%. 相似文献
14.
Sara Marina Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi Edgar Gutierrez-Fernandez Eduardo Solano Aditi Khirbat Laura Ciammaruchi Amaia Iturrospe Alex Balzer Liyang Yu Elena Gabirondo Xavier Monnier Haritz Sardon Thomas D. Anthopoulos Mario Caironi Mariano Campoy-Quiles Christian Müller Daniele Cangialosi Natalie Stingelin Jaime Martin 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(29):2103784
Organic solar cells incorporating non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have reached remarkable power conversion efficiencies of over 18%. Unlike fullerene derivatives, NFAs tend to crystallize from solutions, resulting in bulk heterojunctions that include a crystalline acceptor phase. This must be considered in any morphology-function models. Here, it is confirmed that high-performing solution-processed indacenodithienothiophene-based NFAs, i.e., ITIC and its derivatives ITIC-M, ITIC-2F, and ITIC-Th, exhibit at least two crystalline forms. In addition to highly ordered polymorphs that form at high temperatures, NFAs arrange into a low-temperature metastable phase that is readily promoted via solution processing and leads to the highest device efficiencies. Intriguingly, the low-temperature forms seem to feature a continuous network that favors charge transport despite of a poorly order along the π–π stacking direction. As the optical absorption of the structurally more disordered low-temperature phase can surpass that of the more ordered polymorphs while displaying comparable—or even higher—charge transport properties, it is argued that such a packing structure is an important feature for reaching highest device efficiencies, thus, providing guidelines for future materials design and crystal engineering activities. 相似文献
15.
Martin A. Green 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2011,19(4):473-477
A new light‐trapping scheme is described based on tunnelling evanescent waves. The scheme is particularly suitable for low index materials such as organic solar cells and polar inorganic semiconductors such as CdTe, or dielectric layers containing, for example, upconverters. The 4n2 macroscopic limit on light trapping, where n is refractive index, can be exceeded by a large margin using the new scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Ruixiang Peng Tingting Yan Junwei Chen Shangfeng Yang Ziyi Ge Mingtai Wang 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2020,6(3)
N‐type tin oxide (n‐SnO2) nanoparticle film has shown great potential as an electron transport layer (ETL) in fabricating highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) due to its low‐temperature preparation and high electrical conductivity. However, surface defects on the n‐SnO2 nanoparticles generated by the solution‐processed approach seriously limit the performance of the OSCs with n‐SnO2 ETL. InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are employed to passivate the surface defects of n‐SnO2 ETL, and an inverted OSC using PM6:Y6 as active layer achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.22%, much higher than that of a device based on pure n‐SnO2 ETL (13.86%). The synergistic enhancement of the device open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) is attributed to the improved morphologies of PM6:Y6 layer on the QDs/ETL, increased charge extraction and collection efficiency, and decreased monomolecular recombination caused by the defect‐trapped charge carriers in the solar cell. Moreover, the inverted device with n‐SnO2/InP/ZnS QDs ETL show a much higher stability than that of the conventional PEDOT:PSS based one. This work presents a promising QDs passivation strategy on n‐SnO2 ETL to develop efficient and stable OSCs. 相似文献
17.
Harm van Eersel René A. J. Janssen Martijn Kemerink 《Advanced functional materials》2012,22(13):2700-2708
Despite the poor screening of the Coulomb potential in organic semiconductors, excitons can dissociate efficiently into free charges at a donor–acceptor heterojunction, leading to application in organic solar cells. A kinetic Monte Carlo model that explains this high efficiency as a two‐step process is presented. Driven by the band offset between donor and acceptor, one of the carriers first hops across the interface, forming a charge transfer (CT) complex. Since the electron and hole forming the CT complex have typically not relaxed within the disorder‐broadened density of states (DOS), their remaining binding energy can be overcome by further relaxation in the DOS. The model only contains parameters that are determined from independent measurements and predicts dissociation yields in excess of 90% for a prototypical heterojunction. Field, temperature, and band offset dependencies are investigated and found to be in agreement with earlier experiments. Whereas the investigated heterojunctions have substantial energy losses associated with the dissociation process, these results suggest that it is possible to reach high dissociation yields at low energy loss. 相似文献
18.
讨论了光偏振态和偏振器件的矩阵表示和量子描述.将光子的水平偏振和竖直偏振作为一个两态系统,用光子的偏振状态描述量子计算中量子位的状态.在琼斯矩阵的基础上,给出了常用偏振器件的量子描述,相应的偏振光通过光学偏振器件时,也可用类似矩阵相乘的方法给出相应偏振器件和偏振状态的量子描述.Abstract： Matrix and quantum representation of polarized light and polarized elements are discussed. The horizontal polarization and vertical polarization of photon are regarded as quantum states of a tow-state system. On the basis of Jones matrix, the common polarized elements in quantum states are described. With the quantum express of polarized light and polarized elements, obtained are the polarized properties of the light via polarized elements by using matrix operation. 相似文献
19.
Irina Rrich Quan Niu Bas van der Zee Esther del Pino Rosendo Nicoleta Irina Cr&#x;ciun Charusheela Ramanan Paul W. M. Blom 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2020,6(7)
Polymer light‐emitting diodes based on two poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivatives are aged at a constant current density, leading to the formation of hole traps. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL) measurements show that the degraded polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) also demonstrate a decrease in exciton lifetime. The amount of nonradiative exciton quenching sites in the aged devices is quantified by Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the number of hole traps obtained from electrical charge transport measurements matches the number of newly formed nonradiative quenching sites determined from the TRPL experiments. The results reveal the origin for the apparent different behavior of the electroluminescence and photoluminescence upon PLED degradation. The decrease of the electroluminescence is governed by recombination of free electrons with trapped holes, whereas the photoluminescence is reduced by nonradiative quenching processes between excitons and hole traps. 相似文献
20.
The light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is fundamentally dependent on mobile ions for its operation. In polymer LECs, the mobile ions are commonly provided by dissolving a salt in an ion transporter, with the latter almost invariably being an ether‐based compound. Here, the synthesis, characterization, and application of a new class of carbonate‐based ion transporters are reported. A polymer LEC, comprising a star‐branched oligocarbonate endowed with aliphatic side groups as the ion transporter, features a current efficacy of 13.8 cd A?1 at a luminance of 1060 cd m?2, which is a record‐high efficiency/luminance combination for a singlet‐emitting LEC. It is further established that the design principles of a high‐performance carbonate ion transporter constitute the selection of an oligomeric structure over a corresponding polymeric structure and the endowment of the oligomer with functional side chains to render it compatible with the polymeric emitter. 相似文献