硫代硫酸盐法浸出废旧IC芯片中金的试验研究

介绍了当前电子废弃物中常用的浸金方法及其优缺点, 分析了电子废弃物中硫代硫酸盐法浸金的研究现状。针对这一研究现状, 本文采用碱性Na₂S₂O₃溶液中添加Cu²⁺的方法, 对废旧IC(integrated circuit)芯片中金的浸出进行了试验研究。通过对IC样品进行机械预处理、粒度分析、解离度分析、化学预处理和浸金试验, 探讨了Na₂S₂O₃浓度、Cu²⁺浓度、NH₃浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间和反应液固比6个因素对金浸出率的影响。试验得出最佳浸金条件为:Na₂S₂O₃浓度0.3mol/L, Cu²⁺浓度0.03mol/L, NH₃浓度0.5mol/L, 添加3.5g/L的Na₂SO₃作为稳定剂, 浸取温度50℃, 浸取时间2.5h, 液固比10:1, 在最佳浸出条件下, 金的最高浸出率为92.25%。与传统方法相比, 该方法具有浸出速度快、浸出液无毒、操作简单等优点, 是一种具有开发潜力的电子废弃物浸金方法。     

硫代硫酸盐化学镀金

通常采用化学镀技术制备厚的金镀层,其镀液中必须含有主盐和还原剂,此外还添加一些如络合剂、pH调节剂和稳定剂等。这里介绍的硫代硫酸盐化学镀金溶液却不含还原剂,它的组成如下:硫代硫酸金三钠0.5~5 g/L;硫代硫酸钠10~60 g/L;苯亚磺酸2~25 g/L;草酸1~15 g/L;磷酸二氢钾5~25g/L     

硫代硫酸盐-EDTA-铜离子浸金体系硫代硫酸盐紫外光谱研究

采用紫外光谱对硫代硫酸盐-EDTA-铜离子浸金体系、硫代硫酸盐-氨水-铜离子浸金体系中硫代硫酸盐浓度进行分析和比较。结果表明:在硫代硫酸盐-EDTA-铜离子浸金体系中,无论金是否浸出,硫代硫酸盐浓度呈下降趋势,有金浸出时硫代硫酸盐浓度下降较慢;在硫代硫酸盐-氨水-铜离子浸金体系中,硫代硫酸盐浓度下降较快,其终浓度较硫代硫酸盐-EDTA-铜离子浸金体系中的终浓度要低。     

金的物相分析—混汞浸取法

本法称取两份样品。第一份样品用混汞法分离游离自然金,然后用碘-碘化钾溶液浸取连生体金。第二份样品经灼烧后,用碘-碘化钾溶液浸取游离自然金、连生体金、硫化物中金,减去第一份样品中浸取出的游离自然金、连生体金为硫化物中金。残渣用氢氟酸-王水分解,为其他矿物金。     

氯化钠熔浸钾长石提钾过程

对熔融氯化钠浸取钾长石的提钾过程进行了研究. 结果显示,最佳反应条件是：反应温度890~950℃;氯化钠与钾长石的质量配比为1;钾长石的粒径为0.208 mm以下. 动力学分析显示,过程由Na+和K+在钾长石内部的离子扩散控制,扩散系数与反应温度之间的关系服从Arrhenius公式,即Deff=D0exp(–Ea/RT),其中,Ea=81.42 kJ/mol,D0=0.324 mm2/h.     

酸法浸取粉煤灰制取氧化锗和氧化铝的研究

报导了用硫酸浸取粉煤灰后,进一步用萃取法提取ＧｅＯ２和复盐热解法制取Ａｌ２Ｏ３的最佳实验条件和工艺参数。方法工艺流程简单,锗和铝的回收率高,可消除“灰害”,变废为宝,使粉煤灰得到高技术应用。     

谈谈两段焙烧法预处理高硫砷难浸金精矿

简述焙烧氧化法用于难处理金矿的优越性及其在国内外的应用概况,指出应用两段焙烧法处理含砷硫金矿是必要的。阐述两段焙烧法的基本原理,工艺流程,并介绍进料、焙烧、烟气净化处理等主要作业的实际控制和操作方法,列举出国内外三厂的生产实例。介绍目前我国应用两段焙烧法存在的问题及改进措施。     

氨法浸取铜包钢制氯化亚铜

利用铜与氨在一定的条件下可以形成络合物，而铁在这一条件下不能与氨反应，将铜铁分离。从而使铜包钢中的铜最终生成氯化亚铜。这一研究已批量生产     

硫代硫酸盐回收废弃印刷线路板中金的研究新进展

查明WPCBs中金赋存特点、硫代硫酸盐浸金的原理和WPCBs中金的硫代硫酸盐浸出及其回收研究现状,能更好地为硫代硫酸盐回收WPCBs中金的应用发展指明方向。研究表明,WPCBs中金主要有以电触点材料、导电材料、金基焊料和电子浆料等金属形态存在;硫代硫酸盐浸金体系以O_2为氧化剂、S_2O■为配位基、Cu⁽²⁺⁾和NH(2+)和NH⁺_4作为催化剂,Cu(NH_3)■既是氧传输载体,也是金氧化还原的关键,S_2O■为亚稳态的物质,易与溶液中其他离子反应,导致溶液成份复杂;为减小其他金属对后续金浸出的影响,应先脱除WPCBs中铜、铁和铝等;硫代硫酸盐浸金体系主要有Na_2S_2O_3+Cu+_4作为催化剂,Cu(NH_3)■既是氧传输载体,也是金氧化还原的关键,S_2O■为亚稳态的物质,易与溶液中其他离子反应,导致溶液成份复杂;为减小其他金属对后续金浸出的影响,应先脱除WPCBs中铜、铁和铝等;硫代硫酸盐浸金体系主要有Na_2S_2O_3+Cu⁽²⁺⁾、(NH_4)_2S_2O_3+Cu(2+)、(NH_4)_2S_2O_3+Cu⁽²⁺⁾和S_2O■+NaCl等三类。从硫代硫酸盐浸金液中回收金的方法有置换沉淀法、树脂吸附法、活性炭吸附法、微生物吸附法、溶剂萃取法、液膜分离法和电积冶金法等。     

脂肪酸盐对十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液泡沫性能的影响

研究了脂肪酸盐对十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液泡沫性能的影响，并对其作用机理进行了讨论。     

电解电渗析制取硼酸和烧碱

研究了硼砂电解电渗析制取硼酸和烧碱（ＥＢＳ法）新工艺中阳极、阳离子膜及阴极碱浓度等因素的影响。结果表明，离子膜的选择对槽电压、电流效率以及电耗有着决定性的影响。较适宜于ＥＢＳ体系的阳离子膜为Ｎａｆｉｏｎ９０１膜；ＰｂＯ２／Ｔｉ阳极在ＥＢＳ体系中性能稳定，消耗低，是一种实用的阳极。     

间氯苯甲酰氯与氢化钠法合成间氯苯乙酮

用氢化中的负氢攻击乙酸乙酯分子中的α位氢原子，形成负碳离子，再与间氯苯甲酰氯（Ⅱ）分子中的甲酰基发生定向缩合反应，生成间氯苯甲酰乙酸乙酯（Ⅲ）；将Ⅲ水解得间氯苯甲酰乙酸（Ⅳ）和乙醇；最后再将（Ⅳ）脱羧，即生成间氯苯乙酮（Ⅰ）。合成反应在常压和60－110℃温度下进行，反应物（Ⅱ）转化经≥90％，产物（Ⅰ）≥80％。     

TREATMENT OF FERRICYANIDE WASTEWATER WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE

Chlorine dioxide was used to treat water treated with potassium ferricyanide to simulate ferricyanide wastewater. The ferricyanide was strongly oxidized by chlorine dioxide in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate, with a final total cyanogen content of less than 0.011 mmol/L after the treatment. The treatment could be carried out successfully at ambient temperatures, and we established the following optimum conditions: a molar ratio of sodium tripolyphosphate to ferricyanide of 1.17, a treatment time of 60 min, and a molar ratio of chlorine dioxide to ferricyanide of 7.     

TREATMENT OF FERRICYANIDE WASTEWATER WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE

Chlorine dioxide was used to treat water treated with potassium ferricyanide to simulate ferricyanide wastewater. The ferricyanide was strongly oxidized by chlorine dioxide in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate, with a final total cyanogen content of less than 0.011 mmol/L after the treatment. The treatment could be carried out successfully at ambient temperatures, and we established the following optimum conditions: a molar ratio of sodium tripolyphosphate to ferricyanide of 1.17, a treatment time of 60 min, and a molar ratio of chlorine dioxide to ferricyanide of 7.     

钠-萘化学处理与低温射频等离子体处理PTFE

采用萘-钠化学处理和低温射频等离子体处理方法处理聚四氟乙烯(PTFE).利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、静态接触角测量仪、绝缘电阻测试仪和扫描电子显微镜对改性效果进行了研究.结果表明,采用萘-钠化学处理,接触角可以降低至20°,剪切强度可以增大至3.564 MPa,表面电阻率会降低至182.6 GΩ;采用低温射频等离子体处理,接...     

P-950哌啶树脂分离金和钯

研究了盐酸浓度、氯化钠浓度、金和钯的起始浓度、选择性络合剂及温度等因素对Ｐ－９５０树脂分离金和钯的影响．结果表明，在适宜的盐酸浓度和有氯离子存在的条件下，该树脂能优先吸附金．提高温度有利于金与钯分离．用有机醛、酮为络合剂（ＲＯ）可从载有金和钯的树脂上选择性解吸金，而钯不被解吸，从而达到金和钯分离的目的     

PITTING CORROSION OF SAF2205 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL IN ACETIC ACID CONTAINING BROMIDE AND CHLORIDE

Development of duplex stainless steels has been linked strongly with the increasing requirements of the industry for resistance of materials to highly aggressive environments. In the present work, the effects of bromide and chloride ion concentrations and temperature on the pitting corrosion of commercial grade SAF2205 duplex stainless steel were studied. Cyclic polarization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to study the pitting corrosion behavior of this steel in 80%v/v acetic acid solution containing 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 M sodium bromide and sodium chloride, respectively. Pitting potential was found to decrease with the increase of the temperature and bromide ion concentration. In the presence of chloride ions, pitting corrosion was not observed at room temperature. Critical pitting temperature in chloride-containing solutions was estimated to be above 35°C. In the case of pitting, SEM observation revealed that pit initiation is in the austenite phase regions.     

THE SEPARATION OF ALUMINUM FROM AN ALKALINE SOLUTION CONTAINING MOLYBDENUM AND VANADIUM BY EXTRACTION WITH LIX 26 DISSOLVED IN n-OCTANOL / HEXANE MIXTURES

The alkalyne leaching of spent alumina-based catalysts from the petroleum industry, containing molybdenum and/or vanadium among other metals, yields a solution rich in Mo(VI), V(V) and Al(III). In order to recover the two heavy metals aluminum must be first quantitatively separated. Several routes were theoretically tested by computer simulation. Finally, the extraction of aluminum with oxine was chosen. A commercial reagent similar to oxime, LIX 26 (Henkel), was used. The extraction of the three metals with several organic phases containing LIX 26 /n-octanol /hexane was systematically studied.|The best separation conditions were found to be 7<pH<8, 0.3% LIX 26 and 10% n-octanol. A two step counter-current extraction with equal volumes of the two phases gives 99.6% extraction of Al(III) with less than 1 ppm of Mo(VI) and V(V). The organic phase can be regenerated by contacting with sulphuric acid, at pH<2, where aluminum is quantitatively stripped.