B掺杂Si80Ge20合金的快速制备及热电性能

采用电弧熔炼、快速球磨结合放电等离子烧结快速制备了单相Si80Ge20Bx(x=0.5、1、1.5、2)热电材料,对烧结后试样进行了物相结构分析和热电性能表征.结果表明,B的引入导致样品载流子浓度增加,电导率随着B掺量增加而大幅增加,而Seebeck系数反之下降.B的固溶增加试样中点缺陷浓度而导致声子散射增加,热导率下...     

机械合金化和放电等离子烧结制备AgPbSbTe热电材料

采用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结方法制备高性能AgPbSbTe热电材料,研究了制备工艺对材料热电性能的影响。结果表明,材料的物相组成和热电性能都受到机械合金化时间的影响;适当地控制放电等离子烧结工艺可以抑制晶粒长大,增加晶界散射,降低热导率。实验中得到AgPbSbTe热电材料的最大功率因子为18μW/K~2cm,最小热导率为1.1 W/m K。机械合金化(球磨4 h、转速350 r/m)并在673 K放电等离子烧结5 min,得到AgPbSbTe材料的最大热电优值ZT为1.2(700 K)。     

机械合金化和放电等离子烧结制备NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金

研究了球磨转速、球料比和球磨时间对NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金粉末的物相、微观形貌及粒度的影响,探讨了不同温度下放电等离子烧结制备NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金微观组织和硬度的变化规律。结果表明:在转速300 r/min和球料比10∶1条件下,球磨60 h粉末只达到部分合金化;在转速300 r/min和球磨50 h时,球料比要达到12∶1才能实现粉末完全合金化;在球料比10∶1和球磨50 h条件下,球磨转速要高于400 r/min才能获得单一BCC固溶体高熵合金。NbMoCrTiAl粉末在高能球磨中元素发生合金化的先后顺序为Al→Ti→Cr→Nb→Mo。NbMoCrTiAl高熵合金粉末在放电等离子烧结(SPS)时发生了第二相析出和溶解转变。随着烧结温度的升高(1 400～1 600℃),第二相的数量减少及其尺寸增大,导致了合金硬度的降低。     

放电等离子烧结制备块体非晶合金研究进展

非晶合金又称“金属玻璃”,是由于超快速冷却凝固导致无法有序排列结晶,从而得到的一种长程无序结构。这种非晶合金与存在晶界和位错的普通合金相比,具有更加优异的力学及物化性能。由于粉末状或条状非晶合金在尺寸和性能等方面的限制,因而大尺寸、优异力学性能及软磁性能卓越的块体非晶合金的制备受到了大量关注与探究。放电等离子烧结技术以温度低、效率高、时间短及冷却速率快等优点,被认为是一种具有广阔发展前景的制备方法。对Fe基、Zr基、Al基及Ti基本身的特点,以及通过放电等离子烧结技术制备不同体系块体非晶合金的物理及化学性能的研究进行了较为全面的综述。概述了放电等离子烧结技术的原理及在制备块体非晶合金方面的优势;分析了放电等离子烧结技术和制备的块体非晶合金材料存在的问题,以及采用该技术制备块体非晶合金的发展前景。重点介绍了在采用该制备不同体系的块体非晶合金时,如何通过改变放电等离子烧结参数,或通过再加工、本身粉末添加元素等方法获得大尺寸、优异性能的块体非晶合金。     

高性能Ag-Pb-Sb-Te材料热电性能研究

采用较为经济高效的机械合金化和放电等离子烧结技术制备Ag-Pb-Sb-Te体系材料。系统研究了Pb含量以及Ag含量等变化对材料微观结构和热电性能的影响规律。通过SEM、TEM等材料微观结构表征手段,可以看到材料的晶粒细小,晶粒内部有大量的纳米团簇析出,这种结构可能对降低材料的热导率起了重要作用。研究表明,材料制备方法和工艺显著影响Ag-Pb-Sb-Te材料的热电性能,尤其是电传输特性。材料的热电性能对元素含量,尤其是Pb、Ag等含量变化敏感,适当调整元素含量可优化材料的热电性能。该材料体系优良的热电性能与材料特殊的微观结构有关,如晶粒内部析出的纳米团簇可能引起材料热导率的降低和热电优值的提高。     

球磨时间对P型Bi2Te3基热电材料性能的影响

采用区熔法和机械球磨（MM）与放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术相结合制备P型Bi2Te3基热电材料。在300-423K的温度范围内测试了样品的电导率、Seebeck系数和热导率。系统研究了球磨时间对合金化与热电性能的影响。球磨10h的样品在室温时具有最低的热导率，因此其热电优值高于其它样品，在室温时达到最大值0．995。     

放电等离子烧结W-Ni-Fe合金的显微组织与性能研究

采用高能球磨机制备了不同球磨时间的W-Ni-Fe高比重合金粉,采用XRD分析了粉末相的变化.应用放电等离子烧结技术制备了W-Ni-Fe合金.采用SEM和EDX对烧结合金的形貌、断口和成分进行了分析,并且用维氏硬度计测量了样品的硬度.结果表明,球磨20h的SPS W-Ni-Fe合金具有较好的显微组织,断裂方式表现为W晶粒的穿晶解理断裂和粘结相的穿晶延性断裂特征,并且具有较高的硬度.     

放电等离子烧结高合金工具钢的组织与性能

本文研究了放电等离子烧结（SPS）参数对HGSF01高合金工具钢致密度、硬度的影响规律,以及烧结态HGSF01高合金工具的显微组织、抗弯强度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：材料的致密度随烧结温度的升高和保温时间的延长呈上升趋势,而硬度则是先升高后降低;经SPS得到的材料晶粒细小,晶粒尺寸约为5μm,碳化物颗粒细小、均匀、弥散分布在基体上;烧结态材料的抗弯强度比电渣重熔态材料提高了一倍,耐磨性比电渣重熔态材料略有提高。     

Ge取代P型高锰硅合金的晶粒细化及其热电性能

采取悬浮熔炼法制备Ge取代的高锰硅试样Mn（Si1-xGex1）.733（x取0.004,0.006,0.008,0.010,0.012）,采用甩带法得到快凝高锰硅合金粉末,XRD分析表明快速凝固能够减少MnSi金属相的含量,Ge对Si位的取代产生晶格畸变,使得衍射峰向低角区偏移;将悬浮熔炼和快速凝固所得试样进行放电等离子烧结,测试并比较其热电性能。结果显示,快速凝固有效地降低了材料的热导率,Ge取代则使得有效载流子浓度增加,提高了电导率,从而提高材料的热电性能。实验范围内,当Ge取代量x=0.010时,ZT值最高,悬浮熔炼试样在850K时ZT值为0.53,快速凝固试样在750K时ZT值达到0     

机械合金化与放电等离子烧结制备Fe-Fe3Al材料

为开发新型金属材料,采用机械合金化与放电等离子烧结的方法制备Fe-Fe3Al合金.根据Fe-Al二元相图与研究经验,对成分及工艺进行优化设计.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对成分进行了定性分析,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了样品的表面与断口形貌,进行了能谱分析,并测试了致密度、显微硬度(HV)及抗弯强度、抗拉强度等力学性能.结果表明:对粉末进行预球磨,并在球磨前后对粉末进行搅拌混合处理,能更好地促使Fe与Al在高能球磨的过程中反应;经放电等离子烧结能够制备出Fe3Al/Fe两相材料,相对密度为99%以上,硬度为HV561,抗弯强度1426 MPa,抗拉强度640 MPa,力学性能优于文献报道的值.     

放电等离子烧结Ti-Al系金属间化合物

用机械合金化法(MA)制备了Ti-45% Al纳米晶合金粉末,并对其进行放电等离子烧结(SPS),烧结时间仅为5min.用D-maxIIA型X射线衍射仪、JEM-2000EX型透射电子显微镜对粉末和烧结块体的微观组织及机械性能进行了研究.研究表明:Ti和Al的粉末随着球磨时间的延长,粉末有明显的细化趋势,球磨5h即有非晶产生,球磨20h后得到接近完全非晶相;采用SPS烧结技术,在1200℃下能够制备出较高硬度的TiAl金属间化合物块体材料.     

机械合金化-放电等离子烧结Al2Cu颗粒增强Al基复合材料的制备

以Al粉和Cu粉为原料,采用机械合金化(MA)和放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺,原位合成了致密的Al₂Cu/Al块体复合材料,着重研究了MA过程中粉末的形貌、尺寸和物相结构的变化以及SPS后复合材料的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明: 在MA过程中,随着MA时间延长,部分Cu原子逐渐固溶于Al原子晶格中,形成均匀过饱和的固溶体Al(Cu);在SPS过程中,Cu从过饱和固溶体中析出并与Al反应形成Al₂Cu颗粒,且弥散分布于Al基体中,形成Al₂Cu/Al复合材料;Al₂Cu/Al复合材料的致密度高达98.7%,室温下的压缩断裂强度为611.3 MPa,延伸率为9.6%,具有良好的力学性能。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grained MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering

The MoNbTaTiV refractory high-entropy alloy(RHEA) with ultra-fine grains and homogeneous microstructure was successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying(MA) and spark plasma sintering(SPS).The microstructural evolutions,mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of the alloys were systematically investigated.The nanocrystalline mechanically alloyed powders with simple bodycentered cubic(BCC) phase were obtained after 40 h MA process.Afterward,the powders were sintered using SPS in the temperature range from 1500 ℃ to 1700 ℃.The bulk alloys were consisted of submicron scale BCC matrix and face-centered cubic(FCC) precipitation phases.The bulk alloy sintered at 1600℃ had an average grain size of 0.58 μm and an FCC precipitation phase of 0.18 μm,exhibiting outstanding micro-hardness of 542 HV,compressive yield strength of 2208 MPa,fracture strength of 3238 MPa and acceptable plastic strain of 24.9% at room temperature.The enhanced mechanical properties of the MoNbTaTiV RHEA fabricated by MA and SPS were mainly attributed to the grain boundary strengthening and the interstitial solid solution strengthening.It is expectable that the MA and SPS processes are the promising methods to synthesize ultra-fine grains and homogenous microstructural RHEA with excellent mechanical properties.     

Bio-inspired low elastic biodegradable Mg-Zn-Mn-Si-HA alloy fabricated by spark plasma sintering

In this paper, biodegradable low elastic Mg-Zn-Mn-Si-HA alloys have been synthesized by element-alloying assisted spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The main concern of the current investigation is to study the influence of the key SPS-process variables, such as, alloying element, milling/alloying time, sintering temperature, and pressure on the porosity and elastic modulus of the fabricated alloys. Following an L₂₇ OA-based on Taguchi method and accompanying the input parameters, a series of SPS experiments were carried out. Results indicated that sintering temperature and pressure were found to have a significant effect. The SEM observations showed that highest degree of porosity was observed at the lowest level of the parameters and the full dense compact was obtained at the highest level of the parameters. The alloying of HA and Si refined the grain structure and improved the brittleness of the composite. The SPS fabricated alloys exhibited an elastic modulus in the range between 16 and 38 GPa, that is proximate to bone and viably avoid stress-shielding. Moreover, various biocompatible phases, that is, CaMg, Mg-Si, Mn-CaO, Ca-Mn-O, and CaMgSi were observed in the alloy, which are expected to enhance its bioactivity and corrosion resistance. As-synthesized alloy would be considered potential biodegradable material for orthopedic applications.     

SPS烧结制备AgxCa3-xCO4O9热电氧化物及其电性能

以金属硝酸盐为起始原料，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备了AgxCa3-xCO4O9（X=0.1-0.6）复合氧化物粉末，SPS烧结了其块体，研究了Ag^＋掺杂量对系统物相组成及电性能的影响。结果表明，在本实验范围内随着Ag^＋掺杂量的增加，出现了单质Ag和CO3O4，与此伴随的是块体各温度点电阻率和Seebeck系数的降低．当X=0.6时，100℃时的电阻率达到最低值1.7×10^-5Ω．m，且块体导电特性由半导体转变为金属。当X=0．3，SPS烧结时间2h时功率因子达7.612×10^-4m.K^-2。     

放电等离子烧结技术制备 Ti合金表面 HA活性涂层

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术，低温、快速地在Ti合金表面制备HA活性涂层。研究了涂层成分和厚度对涂层与基体结合强度的影响，观察了断口形貌。结果表明：随着涂层厚度的减小，结合强度提高；梯度涂层能提高涂层与基体的结合强度；特别是经钝化处理后烧结的试样，涂层与基体的结合强度显著提高，最高达到了64MPa，超过目前使用的生物涂层种植体材料的指标。     

放电等离子体烧结（SPS）制备Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.75Ge0.25化合物及其磁热效应研究

采用机械合金化结合放电等离子体烧结技术,成功制备了Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.75Ge0.25室温磁制冷材料。采用XRD、VSM对烧结样品晶体结构和磁热效应（MCE）进行了研究。结果表明该化合物具有六方Fe2P型晶体结构,其热滞为4K,居里温度为292K,并且在居里点附近有较大的磁熵变,当外加磁场为1.5T时,最大磁熵变达到18.0J/（kg.K）,绝热温变达到2.7K。     

A novel high-entropy alloy with multi-scale precipitates and excellent mechanical properties fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Body-centered-cubic (BCC) high entropy alloys (HEAs) usually exhibit high strength but poor ductility. To overcome such strength-ductility trade-off, a novel (FeCr)₄₅(AlNi)₅₀Co₅ HEA was presented in this paper, which was designed and fabricated with mechanical alloying (MA) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and has a heterogeneous microstructure with multi-scale precipitates. Electron microscopy characterization revealed that the sizes of the precipitates range from nano (<300 nm), sub-micron (300～800 nm) to micron (>1 μm). The bulk HEA exhibits excellent mechanical properties, of which the compressive yield strength, fracture strength, and plasticity at room temperature can reach 1508 MPa, 3106 MPa and 30.4 %, respectively, which are much higher than that of most HEAs prepared by Powder Metallurgy reported in the literatures, suggesting that the HEA developed is highly promising for engineering applications. The excellent mechanical properties of the bulk HEA can be attributed to that the multi-scale precipitates are fully coherent with the matrix, which could reduce the misfit strain at the interface, and relieve the stress concentration during deformation.