MgO/Mg（OH）2复合空心球壳的制备及缓释性能的研究

以Pickering乳液液滴为模板,通过液滴表面水合作用制备出MgO/Mg（OH）_2复合空心球壳,通过SEM、XRD等手段进行表征,讨论了空心球壳形成机理,并研究了MgO/Mg（OH）_2复合空心球壳对阿维菌素微胶囊的缓释作用,结果表明,MgO/Mg（OH）_2复合空心球壳形貌完整,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为62μm。水合过程中部分MgO转变成Mg（OH）_2,并优先复合在未反应的MgO粒子上,形成MgO/Mg（OH）_2复合空心球壳。以MgO/Mg（OH）_2复合空心球壳为壁材的阿维菌素微胶囊具有良好的缓释性能。     

硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)2核壳结构纳米粒子的制备与表征

为有效提高Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子在硅丙乳液中的相容性与分散稳定性,在油酸修饰Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子的基础上,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸与乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为共聚单体,通过乳液聚合法制备出具有核壳结构的硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)_2复合材料。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对样品结构、形貌进行了表征。通过燃烧实验,研究了硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子对水性防火涂料阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,油酸通过酯化作用修饰在Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子表面,借助油酸分子中双键结构,丙烯酸类混合单体在纳米Mg(OH)_2表面完成聚合过程,形成以Mg(OH)_2纳米粒子为核、硅丙乳液为壳的复合材料。XRD与热分析表明经硅丙乳液包覆的纳米Mg(OH)_2晶体结构与热稳定性能未受影响。此外,掺杂0.1%(质量分数)的硅丙乳液包覆Mg(OH)_2可使水性防火涂料阻燃时间延长至113 min,较未掺杂水性涂料阻燃时间(91min)提高约23%。     

含水Mg(OH)_2/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备和阻燃性能

以Mg(OH)_2粒子稳定的Pickering乳液液滴为模板,通过偶氮二异丁腈引发苯乙烯聚合,制备出含水Mg(OH)_2/聚苯乙烯复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜观测了复合材料的形貌,用氧指数仪测定了复合材料的氧指数。结果表明,Mg(OH)_2/聚苯乙烯复合材料中存在平均直径为155μm的孔洞,能够包裹一定质量的水。随着聚合温度的提高,复合材料的含水量下降。含水复合材料由于具有水和Mg(OH)_2的双重阻燃作用,氧指数显著高于Mg(OH)_2/聚苯乙烯复合材料,但力学性能有所下降。     

碱式碳酸镁焙烧法制备多孔氧化镁晶体

【目的】实现多孔MgO晶体的可控制备。【方法】以菱镁矿为镁源,采用水化碳化-低温水溶液法,热解Mg(HCO₃)₂溶液合成平均直径为10.0μm、平均长度为50.0μm的多孔棒状碱式碳酸镁(4MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·4H₂O);通过焙烧法制备多孔MgO晶体,分别探讨焙烧温度、时间对前驱体4MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·4H₂O分解率、 MgO物相组成和形貌的影响,探究4MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·4H₂O热分解机制。【结果】在焙烧温度为700℃、时间为3.0 h时,制得平均直径为20.0μm、平均长度为50.0μm、比表面积为76.12 m²/g的介孔棒状MgO晶体;在4MgCO₃·Mg(OH)₂·4H₂O分解过程中,随着温度升高,结晶水失去,—OH的分离和C—...     

纳米颗粒包覆ZrW_2O_8空心结构的制备和性能

采用包覆法制备单一相钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)空心球。研究选择以水热合成法制备的胶体碳球作为制备空心球的模板,通过溶胶—凝胶法制备了具有网状结构的钨酸锆前驱体凝胶,经过后续简单的包覆过程得到胶体碳球—钨酸锆凝胶形成的壳核结构,并对该壳核结构进行煅烧(610℃保温10h)后除去碳球模板得到ZrW2O8空心球。实验所得ZrW2O8空心球平均粒径约3μm,球壳平均厚度为1.5μm,构成壳层结构的纳米级ZrW2O8颗粒为棒状无规则多面体,尺寸约500nm×50nm×50nm。FTIR和TG-DTA分析证明,产物为立方相ZrW2O8空心球,密度为2.8g/cm3,比理论值降低了45%;产物空心球具有良好的负热膨胀特性,在室温至200℃的温度区间内,负膨胀系数略低于理论值,平均热膨胀系数为-11.4×10-6K-1。     

负载花椒精油的玉米醇溶蛋白-柑橘果胶乳液性能评价

目的 研发出一款新型的花椒精油Pickering乳液,为花椒精油Pickering乳液的制备和花椒精油应用场景的拓宽提供参考。方法 以花椒精油为油相,玉米醇溶蛋白-柑橘果胶复合纳米粒子为固体颗粒,制备花椒精油Pickering乳液。研究复合纳米粒子质量浓度(20、25、30、35、40 g/L)对Pickering乳液粒径、电位、微观结构、稳定性、流变特性等理化性能和抗氧化性能、抑菌性能等功能活性的影响。结果 随着复合纳米粒子浓度的提高,乳液的粒径呈先降后增趋势,ζ-电位绝对值、包埋率则呈先增后降趋势,当质量浓度为35 g/L的时候,乳液粒径最小为1 900.3 nm、ζ-电位和包埋率最大分别为32.7 mV、95%;此浓度下乳液贮藏稳定性最好,且具有优异的温度稳定性,在酸性(pH=2、3、4)和碱性环境(pH=8、9)下稳定性表现良好;所有乳液均显现出明显的剪切变稀行为,属于假塑性流体;在低频下乳液损耗模量大于储能模量,呈流体状态;相较于花椒精油,负载花椒精油的Pickering乳液的抗氧化性能和抑菌性能得到了显著提高。结论 复合纳米粒子质量浓度为35 g/L时制备的负载花椒精油Pickering乳液具有较好的稳定性、抗氧化和抑菌性能。     

自组装花状α-Ni（OH）2和NiO的制备和表征

以硝酸镍为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,在不添加任何模板和表面活性剂条件下,采用均匀沉淀法制备出具有自组装结构的花状α型Ni(OH)2,并以其为前驱体,制得了同样具有花状结构的NiO。采用XRD、SEM、HRTEM、TG和低温液氮吸附技术对样品的晶相结构、表面形貌和孔径结构等进行表征。测试结果显示,所制备的样品是α型Ni(OH)2,比表面积是245.0m2/g,而且这些直径为4～6μm的花状Ni(OH)2是由许多纳米薄片相互组装而成。将花状Ni(OH)2在400℃焙烧2h即可获得具有花状结构的NiO,其比表面积为125.2m2/g。     

Ni对Mg（NH2）2纳米空心球与LiH混合体系放氢性能的影响

将氨气等离子体法制备的50nm左右的Mg3N2纳米颗粒与氨气反应,成功合成出大小约为80nm,球壳厚度约为10nm的Mg（NH2）2纳米空心球。利用Mg（NH2）2纳米空心球制备的Mg（NH2）2＋2LiH储氢体系,比普通Mg（NH2）2＋2LiH具有更低的放氢温度,放氢活化能从149.1kJ/mol降低到了117.6kJ/mol。对该体系添加纳米级的Ni作为催化剂,放氢活化能进一步降低为108.0kJ/mol。反应后生成物颗粒大小取决于反应前Mg（NH2）2颗粒的大小。通过对放氢性能的比较,讨论了影响Mg（NH2）2＋2LiH体系放氢性质的因素和决速步骤。     

水热处理对AZ31镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层组织结构及耐蚀性的影响

采用两种不同成分的溶液对AZ31镁合金微弧氧化(MAO)陶瓷层进行125℃+18 h的水热处理,研究了水热溶液成分对微弧氧化陶瓷层组织结构及耐蚀性能的影响,探讨了水热成膜及膜层腐蚀机理。研究结果表明：水热处理过程中微弧氧化陶瓷层表面的MgO部分溶解,释放出的Mg²⁺与碱性水热溶液中的OH^-结合形成Mg(OH)₂纳米片沉淀在陶瓷层表面及孔洞内;而在含有Al³⁺和Co²⁺的溶液处理过程中,溶液中的Al³⁺和Co²⁺取代沉淀在MgO表面及孔洞内的Mg(OH)₂中部分Mg²⁺的位置形成双金属氢氧化物(LDH)纳米片,将微弧氧化陶瓷层表面的孔洞及裂纹缺陷闭合。润湿性与电化学测试结果表明,亲水性的Mg(OH)₂/MAO复合膜层因Mg(OH)₂对MAO陶瓷层的封孔效应能在一定程度上提高MAO陶瓷层的耐蚀性,而疏水性的LDH/MAO复合膜层因封孔效应和LDH离子交换能力能显著提高MAO陶瓷层的耐蚀性。     

气泡液膜法-水热反应制备纳米Ni_(0.6)Zn_(0.4)Fe_2O_4铁氧体

采用气泡液膜法,将Zn2+,Ni2+和Fe3+与OH-在液膜中进行共沉淀反应,制得了Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4铁氧体的前躯体,用元素分析、EDS、TEM、FT-IR、XRD和VSM方法进行表征。结果表明,前躯体中Ni、Zn和Fe元素组成较精确地保持了原料溶液中Zn2+,Ni2+和Fe3+的配料摩尔比并纳米级均匀分布。前躯体组成是0.6Ni(OH)2.0.4Zn(OH)2.2Fe(OH)3复合物,粒径为1～3nm的球状纳米粒子。前躯体于240℃水热反应4h,制得纳米Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4铁氧体,其Ms=73.669emu/g,Mr=1.1035emu/g,Hc=8.896Gs,密度d=5.554g/cm3,再于800℃烧结1h,制得固结铁氧体的Ms=82.136emu/g。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...