原位自生Al_2O_3-TiC_p/Al基复合材料的热力学分析

采用熔铸法制备了原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料。借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的热力学进行了详尽的分析,讨论了过量铝对Al-TiO2-C体系反应的影响。结果表明,通过控制反应温度等工艺参数完全可以获得原位自生Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料,避免副产物Al3Ti和Al4C3的产生。Al-TiO2-C体系原位合成Al2O3-TiCp/Al基复合材料存在着复杂的化学反应。首先在无过量铝的情况下,Al与TiO2发生置换反应,生成了Al2O3和游离态[Ti],而后游离态[Ti]与C结合生成TiC;而存在过量铝的情况下,首先发生铝热反应生成Al3Ti,进而Al3Ti与C结合生成TiC。最终完全获得Al2O3-TiCp/Al复合材料。随着过量Al含量由0增加至70%,Al与TiO2反应生成Al2O3的反应起始温度不断降低。     

原位合成含有Al2O3晶须Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料机理的研究

利用氧对金属Ti,Al粉的部分氧化,原位合成含Al2O3晶须的Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料,利用XRD,EDAX和NO-RAN能谱仪对材料的晶相组成和元素成分进行分析,利用SEM观察材料显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明,反应步骤为:Ti,Al金属粉表面氧化→铝的熔化→TiAl3的生成→Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al等多种化合物生成和Al对TiO2的还原反应;铝含量决定了材料的晶相组成,铝不足时,生成Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al等多种金属间化合物和氧化铝,铝含量足够时,最终的产物为TiAl3,金属铝以及氧化铝等相;氧化铝晶须是通过VLS机理生成的,产物中晶须的数量和发达程度随铝含量的增加而递增,晶须的直径随热处理温度升高而增加。     

原位热压TiC/Ti/Al合成Ti2AlC的研究

以TiC/Ti/Al为原料,采用热压工艺在1400℃原位合成和烧结了含少量第二相Ti3AlC2的Ti2AlC材料.通过不同温度和不同热压时间下合成试样的XRD分析探讨了Ti2AlC的合成过程.结果表明,高温下Ti与Al反应生成中间相TiAl金属间化合物,然后TiC与TiAl金属间化合物反应生成Ti2AlC.初期反应非常迅速,大部分Ti2AlC在此阶段生成.反应后期反应物减少,速度变慢,同时生成少量第二相Ti3AlC2.不同温度下合成的Ti2AlC颗粒具有不同的形貌特征.     

Ti_3Al和Ti_2AlNb合金扩散连接界面的组织及力学性能

采用直接扩散连接Ti3Al和Ti2AlNb合金,研究了连接压力、连接温度、保温时间等工艺参数对接头界面组织形貌及性能的影响。利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法观察分析了界面组织结构,并测试了接头的力学性能。结果表明:直接固相扩散连接接头的典型组织为Ti3Al/O相+α2相过渡层/富B2层/Ti2AlNb。当连接温度为1000℃,保温时间60min,连接压力为5MPa时获得的接头室温抗剪强度为635MPa,室温抗拉强度为795MPa,均断裂于Ti3Al母材一侧。经1000℃/60min热循环后Ti3Al母材的抗拉强度下降至原始母材的76%。连接温度低于950℃或保温时间小于60min会导致未焊合等缺陷;温度高于1050℃或保温时间超过120min则导致Ti3Al发生相变。     

Al2O3陶瓷与金属镍的活性钎焊研究

由于物理和化学性质的差异,实现陶瓷与金属的连接比较困难.本实验使用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料钎焊镍与Al2O3陶瓷.对钎焊后的试件进行剪切试验,确定接头强度最高时的温度为1000℃,而温度低于960℃时无法成功钎焊镍与陶瓷,温度高于1000℃会使钎焊接头强度下降.采用材料测试分析方法对钎焊接头组织进行分析,发现Cu在接头内平均分布,Ag呈聚集态,而Ti分布在接头的两侧.反应产物中的元素包括Cu,Ti,Al,Zr,O等,Ti,Cu与Al2O3陶瓷发生反应在界面处生成复杂化合物,从而实现陶瓷与金属的连接.     

原位合成Al3Ti增强轻金属基复合材料的研究现状

综述了原位合成Al3Ti／Al和Al3Ti／Mg基复合材料的研究现状。重点介绍了原位合成Al3Ti的反应体系、复合材料的制备方法及微观组织特点，指出了原位合成Al3Ti／Al和Al3Ti／Mg基复合材料在目前研究中所存在的主要问题及今后的研究方向。     

低频电磁场对原位合成Al3Ti/Al复合材料凝固组织的影响

在低频电磁场条件下,以Al-K2TiF6为体系,通过熔体直接反应法原位合成Al3Ti/Al复合材料。采用SEM等方法研究了低频磁场不同参数如输入电流强度、磁场频率等对Al3Ti/Al复合材料增强体颗粒形貌、尺寸及分布的影响,探讨了低频旋转磁场下原位合成Al3Ti/Al复合材料的机制。研究表明,当感应线圈内输入电流200A,频率<5Hz时,磁场作用时间3～5min时,得到尺寸细小、分布均匀的Al3Ti/Al复合材料。一定范围内,增大电流或增加频率,磁场作用时间相应减少。但不能无限增加,否则颗粒将会被去除。     

元素粉末Ti与Al反应机理的研究进展

开展元素粉末Ti和Al反应机理的研究有助于优化反应工艺.介绍了元素粉末Ti和Al反应机理的不同观点,并分别从动力学和热力学角度进一步分析了Ti和Al元素粉末的反应机理.动力学认为,元素粉末Ti和Al的反应是一个由扩散控制,包括TiAl3及TiAl2中间相生成的过程.热力学认为,TiAl3相的形成自由能最低,为Ti-Al系反应的首要产物,近而生成TiAl相,随后发生一系列与过渡相有关的反应.     

铝液温度对热爆合成Al-Ti-C中间合金组织的影响

利用Al, Ti和C粉末原料,采用铝液中的热爆合成法制备出用于铝及铝合金晶粒细化的Al-Ti-C中间合金.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了热爆合成产物的成分, 组织与形貌.结果表明: Al-Ti-C中间合金由Al, Al3Ti和TiC三相组成, 铝液温度对反应体系温度有重要影响, 改变了中间合金中Al3Ti, TiC的形态和分布, 并影响其晶粒细化能力.     

热压烧结制备Ti3Al/TiC+ZrO2陶瓷复合材料

采用机械合金化和热压烧结制备了Ti3Al/TiC ZrO2复合材料.研究了不同烧结温度(1500,1550℃)及Ti3Al在TiC基体中不同的添加方式对烧结体力学性能的影响,并对烧结体的断口进行了SEM分析.结果表明:在Ti3Al和ZrO2协同增韧补强的作用下,得到的烧结体具有良好的力学性能,其断裂以穿晶和沿晶相结合方式进行,并且出现了内晶.     

原位形成Al3Ti颗粒对SiCp／2024Al复合材料性能及微观结构的影响

本文采用粉末冶金法制制备了含Ｔｉ的ＳｉＣｐ／２０２４Ａｌ复合材料。研究表明，在复合材料制备工艺条件下，部分Ｔｉ与Ａｌ反应形成了Ａｌ３Ｔｉ，粗大的Ａｌ３Ｔｉ／Ｔｉ复合颗粒的存在降低了复合材料的室温拉伸强度和塑性，但可以提高屈服强度和弹性模量。     

Al-Ti-TiO2体系自蔓延高温合成及机理

采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备了TiAl/Al2O3复合材料,研究了原料配比对合成过程及产物特征的影响,结果表明,随着Al2O3含量的增加,燃烧温度和燃烧速度均增大,材料的致密度得到改善。Al2O3颗粒尺寸小于1μm,分布于基体交界处,有一定程度的团聚。通过差热分析研究了Al-Ti-TiO2体系反应过程,发现Al-TiO2还原较晚开始,但由于激活能低而速度较快,因此较早完成,TiAl3最早生成,但只作为中间产物存在,随后向TiAl和TiAl3相转变的过程为控制环节,其激活能也体现为总反应的激活能。     

Fabrication of (TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a controlled laminated architecture and enhanced mechanical properties

The(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites with a laminated structure composing of alternating TiB/Ti composite layers,α₂-Ti₃Al interfacial reaction layers of andγ-TiAl layers were successfully pre pared by spark plasma sintering of alternately stacked Tib₂/Ti powder layers and TiAl powder layers.And the influence of thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the re sulting(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were investigated systemically.The results showed that the thickening ofα₂-Ti₃Al layers which originated from the reaction of Ti and TiAl was significantly hindered by introducing Tib₂particles into starting Ti powders.As the thickness ratio of Tib₂/Ti powder layers to TiAl powder layers increased,the bending fracture strength and fracture toughness at room temperature of the final(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites were remarkably improved,especially for the(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites prepared by Tib₂/Ti powder layers with thickness of 800μm and TiAl powder layers with thickness of 400μm,whose fracture toughness and bending strength were up to 51.2 MPa·m^1/2and 1456 MPa,respectively,293%and 108%higher than that of the monolithic TiAl alloys in the present work.This was attributed to the addition of high-performance network TiB/Ti composite layers.Moreover,it was noteworthy that the ultimate tensile strength at 700℃of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl composites fabricated by 400μm thick Tib₂/Ti powder layers and 400μm thick TiAl powder layers was as high as that at 550℃of network TiB/Ti composites.This means the service temperature of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was likely raised by 150℃,meanwhile a good combination of high strength and high toughness at ambient tempe rature could be maintained.Finally,the fracture mechanism of(TiB/Ti)-TiAl laminated composites was proposed.     

A developed method for producing in situ TiC/Al composites by using quick preheating treatment and ultrasonic vibration

Quick preheating treatment of Al–Ti–C was introduced in the fabrication of in situ TiC/Al metal matrix composites in our research. Al–Ti–C pellets were preheated in the furnace at 750 °C, in which the pure aluminum was melted. After adding the preheated pellets into the molten aluminum, the thermal explosion reaction of Al–Ti–C took place in a short time. In situ TiC particles synthesized in the pure molten aluminum were spherical in morphology and most of which were smaller than 1 μm in size. The synthesizing temperature of in situ TiC/Al composites was decreased significantly by using the quick preheating treatment, at least 150 °C lower than those used in the conventional methods. In addition, high-intensity ultrasonic vibration was applied into the melt to disperse TiC particle-reinforcement into the matrix and degas the melt as well. In situ TiC particles were distributed uniformly in the matrix, and the porosity in the composites was below 1% due to the effect of ultrasonic vibration. Furthermore, the microhardness test indicated that a homogeneous microstructure of in situ TiC/Al composite was obtained.     

SiCp/Ti Nanocomposites Fabricated Under High Pressure

Nanoscale SiC particulate reinforced Ti matrix composites were successfully synthesized under high pressure. The reaction behaviour of the SiC particles and Ti matrix during fabrication processes was studied using XRD and TEM methods. The influence of pressure and temperature on the reaction was determined. The highly densified and well bonded SiC _p/Ti composites can be fabricated without interaction by adjusting the production conditions. Their microhardnesses were measured.     

微波烧结TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的高温氧化行为

采用微波烧结法制备TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料,研究TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料在550、650和750℃空气中的恒温氧化行为,并对氧化膜的表面、截面形貌及相组成进行了分析。结果表明:TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料由TiC、ɑ-Ti+β-Ti三种物相组成。随着氧化温度的增加,TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的氧化规律由抛物线型转变为直线型,在650℃温度以下,复合材料的氧化产物主要由TiO_2组成,而750℃时氧化层主要有外层极薄的TiO_2、中间层Al_2O_3和TiO_2混合区及大部分内层TiO_2三部分组成。随着TiC含量增加,氧化激活能增大,氧化物粒径减小,TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的抗氧化性能也越好。     

Al含量对热爆反应合成Al／TiC复合材料的影响

本文利用热爆反应合成法制备了Ａｌ／ＴｉＣ复合材料，研究了反应合成过程中，温度特性以及Ａｌ含量对其的影响，结果表现：在反应合成过程中的Ａｌ的熔化，然后是陶瓷相的合成反应，并且随着Ａｌ含量的增加，反应最高温度降低，而反应起始温度和反应持续时间基本不变。此外，研究了Ａｌ含量对反应生成 影响。     

真空热压原位Al3Ti增强MgAl基复合材料合成机制

采用真空热压原位合成法制备Al₃Ti增强Mg-Al基复合材料。研究了烧结工艺对复合材料显微结构的影响。探讨了Al₃Ti的原位合成机制, 提出了Ti和Al的微观反应模型。采用XRD、 SEM等方法分析了复合材料的相组成及微观结构。结果表明, Mg-Al基复合材料组织致密, 原位合成增强相Al₃Ti颗粒在基体中均匀分布, 尺寸为0.5~2.0 μm, 与基体界面紧密结合, 同时存在少量残余的Ti和中间相Al-Ti。     

Microstructure evolution and oxidation behaviour of Tif/TiAl3 composites

In this paper, Ti_f/TiAl₃ composites were fabricated by infiltration–in situ reaction method and its oxidation behaviours were investigated by cyclic oxidation testing at 700 °C, 800 °C and 900 °C. The microstructure evolution and oxidation of Ti_f/TiAl₃ composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). The reaction between Ti₃Al particles and Al was more violent than that of Ti fibres and Al. Ti₃Al/Al reaction consumed a large amount of Al and inhibited the reaction of Ti fibres indirectly. Reactant of Ti fibres was TiAl₃ at 700 °C, and four reaction layers surrounding Ti fibre (Ti₃Al, TiAl, TiAl₂ and TiAl₃ from inner to outside) were observed above 800 °C. The thickness of the total reaction layers increased little with temperature and time, while the thickness of inner reaction layers increased remarkably. A model corresponding to the microstructure evolution process was drawn schematically. Oxidation resistance of Ti_f/TiAl₃ composites decreased with increasing of temperature, and changed from cubic law at 700 °C to parabolic law at 900 °C. The oxidation weight gain of Ti_f/TiAl₃ composite was dominated by the exposed Ti fibres. Due to outward diffusion of Ti and Al element, the oxide of Ti fibre at 900 °C changed to mushroom-shape. Fortunately, when TiAl₃ was oxidized, a thin and continuous Al₂O₃ layer was formed, protecting matrix from further oxidation.