化学交联改性丝素蛋白/海藻酸钠纤维的制备与性能

利用聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(PEGDE)化学交联丝素蛋白(SF)、以CaCl_2交联海藻酸钠(SA),采用分步交联的方法制备了SF/SA双网络型复合纤维,通过DV-C型数显黏度计、FTIR、XRD、电子单纤维强力仪、核磁共振变温弛豫分析仪、SEM等对纺丝溶液表观黏度和交联改性SF/SA复合纤维的结构性能进行了表征,研究了交联剂PEGDE添加量对纺丝溶液的表观黏度和交联改性SF/SA复合纤维的力学性能、交联度、微观形貌、吸湿性能和保湿性能等的影响。结果表明,随着PEGDE含量的增加,纺丝溶液的表观黏度呈先下降后增加的趋势,加入适量的交联剂可以降低纺丝溶液的表观黏度,增加纤维的可纺性;纤维的断裂强度、断裂伸长率和交联度呈先增加后减少的趋势,PEGDE与SF的质量比为3∶1时,交联改性SF/SA复合纤维的断裂强度和交联度达到最大值,分别为2.34cN/dTex和55.38%;交联改性SF/SA复合纤维的交联度越大,纤维表面沟槽结构越密集,纤维内部结构越紧密均匀,SF与SA的相容性越好;交联改性后,SF/SA复合纤维吸湿性能和保湿性能得到提高,吸湿平衡时间提前。     

高强度南极磷虾蛋白/海藻复合纤维的制备与表征

以戊二醛为增强改性剂,利用湿法纺丝制备含有预埋增强剂的南极磷虾蛋白/海藻（AKP/SA）初生纤维,通过初生纤维纺丝线在线热交联技术实现热交联反应从而制得高强度南极磷虾蛋白/海藻（HAKP/SA）复合纤维。利用旋转黏度计确定了增强交联反应的热交联温度,研究了交联度对复合纤维微观结构以及吸湿性能的影响,测试了增强后复合纤维力学性能和结晶性能的变化。结果表明:80℃时戊二醛能有效发生热交联反应;AKP/SA复合纤维具有较好的吸湿性能,吸湿率为7.3%,随着交联度的提高,复合纤维的吸湿性能降低,吸湿平衡时间缩短;HAKP/SA复合纤维仍以非晶形态存在,表面存在不均匀的沟槽结构;力学性能测试表明增强后的纤维断裂强度提高了13%。      

耐盐性海藻酸钙纤维的制备及性能研究

针对海藻酸钙在盐溶液中易溶问题,利用戊二醛交联反应制备了耐盐海藻酸钙纤维,红外光谱及溶胀度的测试证明发生了缩合交联反应;讨论了不同工艺条件下,改性纤维的溶胀度和力学性能。结果表明,最佳合成条件为温度30℃、交联剂含量8%、反应时间3.0h、pH=5;改性海藻酸钙纤维的溶胀度只有98%,为纯海藻酸钙纤维的27%,改性纤维断裂强度为2.23cN/dtex。     

海藻酸钡纤维的制备和性能研究

以海藻酸钠为原料,0.5mol/L氯化钡水溶液为凝固浴,通过湿法纺丝制备了海藻酸钡纤维.利用扫描电镜、红外光谱仪对制得的纤维进行了表征,并对纤维进行了单纤维拉伸测试和防辐射性能测试.研究表明,海藻酸钠在凝胶化过程中形成明显的螯合结构,海藻酸钡纤维的平均断裂强度20.69cN/tex,线密度为3.86dtex,与普通粘胶纤维相比海藻酸钡纤维有明显的防辐射性能.     

基于漆酶改性的麦醇溶再生蛋白纤维的制备及性能研究

以小麦醇溶蛋白为原料,漆酶催化制备再生醇溶蛋白纤维并对其进行酶促改性。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果表明漆酶促使醇溶蛋白之间发生了交联反应,生成了高分子量的聚合物。漆酶较适应的作用条件为:酶浓度0.2 U/mL,反应温度50℃,反应时间2h,在此反应条件下醇溶蛋白纤维的断裂强度从0.3129cN/dtex增加到0.4095 cN/dtex;伸长率从18.06%增加到38.95%。再生蛋白纤维的水解稳定性也显著提高。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合纳米纤维支架材料的研究

采用静电纺丝的方法制得纳米羟基磷灰石(n-HA)/聚乳酸(PLA)(n-HA/PLA)复合纳米纤维支架材料,通过仪器测试,分析研究了不同n-HA用量对n-HA/PLA的形貌与性能的影响。研究结果表明:当n-HA用量为10%(wt,质量分数)条件下,其在聚乳酸纳米纤维表面均匀分布,n-HA/PLA复合纳米纤维支架材料的断裂强度、断裂伸长率达到最大,分别为670.52cN·m/g、105.54%,热性能也得到了提高。     

聚左旋乳酸/嵌段共聚物共混纤维的牵伸工艺及性能

以聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)和嵌段共聚物(PDLA-PEG-PDLA)切片为原料,通过熔融纺丝-牵伸两步法制得PLLA/PDLA-PEG-PDLA共混纤维,研究牵伸倍数、牵伸温度以及热定型温度对共混纤维结构和性能的影响。结果表明,最佳牵伸温度为85℃,最佳热定型温度为130℃,在相同实验条件下,共混纤维的结晶度高于纯PLLA;当PDLAPEG-PDLA的质量含量为5%时,在牵伸3倍的条件下,共混纤维的断裂伸长率为35%,断裂强度达4.4cN/dtex。     

苯代三聚氰胺改性三聚氰胺甲醛/聚乙烯醇纤维的结构与性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过湿法纺丝,分别制备了湿拉伸倍数为1.0~1.3倍的三聚氰胺甲醛/聚乙烯醇(MF/PVA)纤维和苯代三聚氰胺(BG)改性MF/PVA纤维。采用红外光谱仪、元素分析仪、极限氧指数(LOI)仪、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪和纤维强伸度仪表征对比了BG改性前后MF/PVA纤维的结构和性能变化。结果表明,湿法纺丝可制得结构均匀、表面附着有MF颗粒的MF/PVA纤维及BG改性纤维;随纤维湿拉伸倍数的增大,改性前后纤维的氮流失率都明显增加,阻燃性能和热稳定性能变差,而纤维力学性能增强。加入BG改性后,MF/PVA纤维的氮流失率明显降低,阻燃性能和耐热性能变好,纤维强度有所下降,但纤维韧性明显增大。湿拉伸1.3倍的BG改性MF/PVA纤维,其LOI值为29.1%,纤维的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为2.39cN/dtex和5.66%。     

谷朊纤维制备及其柠檬酸交联处理研究

以谷朊粉为原料,利用湿法纺丝方法制备再生蛋白质纤维。讨论了剪切速率、还原剂用量、静置时间、静置温度对纺丝液黏度的影响,以及交联处理时柠檬酸浓度、时间、温度、pH对纤维拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,当纺丝液还原剂用量为0.9%~1.1%(w/w),静置温度为20~25℃、静置时间为24~30h,纺丝液表观黏度在120~125Pa·s范围内,能够纺制性能较好的纤维;谷朊纤维经柠檬酸溶液交联处理后,拉伸力学性能提高,在浓度0.9mol/L、温度50℃、pH9,时间2.5h条件下处理后的纤维断裂强度最高。谷朊纤维可潜在应用于生物医疗、纺织等领域。     

耐盐耐洗涤剂海藻纤维的制备及性能

不耐盐和不耐洗涤剂一直是困扰海藻纤维制备的难题。针对这一问题文中采用四硼酸钠对海藻纤维进行改性,通过红外光谱、X射线衍射对改性海藻纤维进行了结构表征,并利用吸液量、纤维钙离子含量、纤维断裂强度、纤维和纺丝液微观形貌测试,研究了改性海藻纤维的耐盐、耐洗涤剂性能。结果表明,利用四硼酸钠对海藻纤维进行改性可以提高海藻纤维的交联程度和结晶度,从而降低生理盐水和洗涤剂中的钙钠离子交换对海藻纤维结构的破坏,有利于保持纤维形貌。经生理盐水和洗涤剂浸泡后,海藻纤维的吸液量仅为10.2%和10.1%,断裂强度损失仅为5.1%和9.0%,显著提升了海藻纤维的耐盐、耐洗涤剂性能。     

Effect of carrageenan on properties of biodegradable thermoplastic cassava starch/low-density polyethylene composites reinforced by cotton fibers

Applications of biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) have been restricted due to its poor mechanical properties, limited processability and high water uptake. In order to improve properties and processability, thermoplastic cassava starch (TPCS) was compounded with low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The TPCS/LDPE blend was, then, modified by a natural gelling agent, i.e. carrageenan and natural fibers, i.e. cotton fibers. All composites were compounded and processed using an internal mixer and an injection molding machine, respectively. It was found that stress at maximum load and Young’s modulus of the TPCS/LDPE composites significantly increased by the addition of the carrageenan and/or the cotton fibers. The highest mechanical properties were obtained from the TPCS/LDPE composites modified by both the carrageenan and the cotton fibers. Percentage water absorption of all of the TPCS/LDPE composites was found to be similar. All modified composites were also degraded easier than the non-modified one. Furthermore, all the composites were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

Ion adsorption studies of micro and nano acrylic fibers modified by ethanolamine

Micro and nano polyacrylonitrile fibers were modified to polyacrylonitrile‐monoethanolamine (PAN‐MEA) through reaction PAN with ethanolamine. The modified PAN fiber was prepared by conversion nitrile groups into hydroxyle groups using ethanolamine solution with different concentration under refluxing at 91°C. Modified raw acrylic fibers (RAF) with submicrometer diameters ranging from 120 to 300 nm were produced using electrospinning in N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). The PAN‐MEA micro and nano fibers were examined as chelating material in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions. The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, the physical and mechanical properties has been investigated in this study. Nano fibers show adsorption metal ions more than the usual fiber because of high ratio of surface to mass.     

海泡石对玄武岩纤维的改性研究

从海泡石和玄武岩纤维的结构及化学组成相似性出发,利用ACC-Ⅱ高温坩埚电阻炉在玄武岩中添加海泡石,经熔化、拉丝等工艺制备改性玄武岩纤维。采用扫描电镜 (SEM) 对玄武岩纤维改性前后的显微结构、形貌和特性进行较系统的分析,研究了海泡石对玄武岩纤维性能的影响及其改性机理。结果表明, 重量比为10%~20%的海泡石和玄武岩混合料在高温熔化下可形成新网状结构的改性玄武岩复合材料;海泡石能够改变玄武岩的结构、化学组成及性质,使玄武岩纤维的化学耐久性、柔韧性和耐热强度等都有显著提高。      

Production new chelating fibers of polyacrilonitrile for removing metal ions

In this work, raw acrylic fibers (RAF) have been modified with ethanolamine to provide new chelating fibers and prepared polyacrylonitrile‐monoethanolamine (PAN‐MEA). PAN‐MEA fiber was prepared by conversion nitrile groups into hydroxyle groups using ethanolamine solution with different concentration under refluxing at different temperatures and different times. The fiber structure has been investigated by different experimental techniques of characterization such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the physical and mechanical properties has also been investigated in this study. The PAN‐MEA was examined as chelating material in a series of batch adsorption experiments for removal Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) ions. The ion adsorption of PAN‐MEA was determined with the atomic adsorption method. PAN‐MEA show adsorption metal ions more than usual fiber because of the modification.     

Effect of nano-SiO2 modified emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion of carbon fibers reinforced composites

The influence of nano-SiO₂ modified epoxy emulsion sizing on the interfacial adhesion properties of carbon fibers reinforced composites was investigated. The interfacial interaction between carbon fibers and the matrix was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-point short-beam shear testing. The results showed that the amount of hydroxyl groups was slightly increased on the carbon fibers surface after treatment with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. Compared to the unsized composites, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) values for the composites with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing were increased by 9% and 14%, respectively. The holes and carbon fibers pullout were not observed in their fracture sections. Surprisingly, the fracture section of the composites with nano-SiO₂ modified sizing was more compact and the fiber debonding was more difficult.     

PVC/PS熔融纺丝体系的相容性

针对聚氯乙烯(PVC)耐热性和韧性差的缺陷,利用共混-交联协同技术对PVC进行改性,通过熔融纺丝法制备了PVC改性纤维,采用红外、动态力学分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和扫描电镜对纤维PVC/PS体系的相容性进行了研究。聚苯乙烯(PS)能有效地提高PVC的韧性,在交联助剂苯乙烯单体和三乙醇胺的作用下,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)可有效地交联PVC,苯乙烯单体与大分子自由基发生接枝聚合,生成的接枝聚合物可作为就地增容剂改善PVC/PS体系的相容性。     

BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的吸波性能研究

以尿素、硼酸为原料, 采用浸涂工艺先在炭纤维表面制备BN涂层, 再以三氯甲基硅烷为前驱体, 采用化学气相沉积工艺在纤维表面沉积SiC涂层, 制得了BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维。对BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的微观结构、抗氧化性能、介电性能及吸波性能进行了研究。结果表明: 炭纤维表面BN涂层的厚度约为0.1 μm, SiC涂层的厚度约为0.7 μm。炭纤维经表面BN/SiC复合涂层改性后, 抗氧化性能明显提高, 开始明显氧化失重温度从560℃提高到790℃, 最终氧化温度从780℃提高到1200℃以上; 且介电性能得到有效改善, 吸波性能显著提高。相比于未改性炭纤维, 厚度为2 mm的BN/SiC复合涂层改性炭纤维的最小反射率减小到-13.3 dB, 小于-10 dB的带宽增加至2.5 GHz。     

Preparation and properties of novel fishnet fibers with inhibitory effects on the adhesion of seaweeds

A novel Nylon-6 fiber with the anti-adhesion of seaweeds was prepared for the use of fishnet by the technique of graft modification. The modification was performed by UV radiation-induced graft polymerization of Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) onto Nylon-6 fibers, and to form crosslinked PAA hydrogels on the surface of them. The structure of the anti-adhesion fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The mechanical properties and water retention capacity were measured, respectively. Three kinds of seaweeds (Chlorella, Dunaliella and Chrysophyte) were employed to evaluate the inhibitory effects on the adhesion. The results showed that Nylon-6 fibers modified by PAA hydrogels had a strong effect on the adhesion of the three kinds of seaweeds. The effects were improved with the increase of the grafting amount. Results from the mechanical analysis revealed that the tensile strength of the modified fibers decreased, however, the ratio of elongation increased with the increase of the grafting amount. The novel fibers also showed a good water retention capacity.     

Effects of emulsion sizing with nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on interfacial properties of carbon fibers/epoxy composites

Nano-SiO₂ particles were used to modify epoxy emulsion sizing of carbon fibers to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites. The mechanical interfacial strength between fibers and matrix was investigated by the single fiber fragmentation test and the 3-point short beam shear test, respectively. Dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed on the carbon fibers with unmodified sizing and nano-SiO₂ modified sizing. The results indicated that modified sizing with nano-SiO₂ slightly increased the surface energy, the hydroxyl functional group and the surface roughness of carbon fibers compared to unmodified sizing, so that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the single fiber composites and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of composites were enhanced. SEM images of fracture sections of composites proved powerfully that the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix was improved after nano-SiO₂ modified emulsion sizing treatment.