短切纤维增强复合材料拉伸强度的预测

在分析单向连续纤维增强复合材料纵向拉伸时细观受力与变形的基础上,对连续纤维的长度和方向进行尺寸和方向性修正,给出了短切纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度预测公式.使用这个预测公式计算短切碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度,预测值与实验值吻合得较好.     

短切碳纤维含量对Csf/SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用热压烧结法制备短切碳纤维增强碳化硅(short carbon fiber reinforced SiC composite,Csf/SIC)复合材料.采用销一盘式摩擦磨损试验测试不同短切碳纤维(Csf)含量的复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能,借助扫描电镜观察其磨痕形貌,分析不同Csf体积分数对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.研究表明:由于碳纤维在复合材料中具有增强基体和固体润滑的作用,以及其自身良好的热传导性和低摩擦系数,因此,Csf/SiC复合材料的摩擦系数随Csf体积分数增大而不断降低;当Csf含量在42 vol.%以内时,复合材料的磨损率比无纤维SiC材料有大幅度减少,并且随着Csf体积分数增大而降低;但当Csf含量达到53 vol.%时,由于Csf含量高,导致纤维和基体之间的结合强度有所降低,造成复合材料的磨损率急剧增大.在本文研究范围内,含30 vol.% Csf复合材料具有最佳的摩擦磨损性能.     

层状结构受电弓滑板制备工艺的研究

采用正交试验方法优化受电弓滑板的制备工艺,通过测试滑板的冲击性能、电阻率、磨损性能,确定其最佳制备工艺;利用电子探针对磨损后的表面进行了观察,并分析了受电弓滑板的磨损机理.结果表明,受电弓滑板的主要磨损形式是粘着磨损及磨粒磨损,模压温度和加压时机对滑板的综合性能影响较大.分析得到最佳制备工艺参数为:模压温度T=170℃,单位厚度保压时间t=5min/mm,压力P=60MPa,加压时机t_p=3min.     

基于根数的短切碳纤维爆炸分散度表征方法

为了表征短切碳纤维在大气环境中的爆炸分散效果,提出基于根数的短切碳纤维分散度表征方法,在无风条件下进行短切碳纤维爆炸分散试验,测试短切碳纤维分散单元的尺寸、形貌和分布规律,绘制频率分布和累积分布曲线。结果表明:短切碳纤维爆炸分散以径向纤维间分离为主,同时伴有轴向断裂现象;径向纤维间分离的最小离散单元是单根碳纤维丝,较大的离散单元是由多根碳纤维单丝构成的平面聚集体;50%的短切碳纤维分散为由1~3根碳纤维单丝构成的离散单元,其中27%的短切碳纤维分散为由1~2根碳纤维单丝构成的离散单元和轴向断裂形成的碎段。     

Cuntze UD准则研究碳/玻纤环氧树脂复合滑板的性能

为研究纤维铺层结构在高端运动器材方面的使用性能,本文研究了一种单向编织的碳纤维/玻纤增强相、环氧树脂为基体相的滑板复合结构的抗压载性能,同时采用Cuntze的UD材料失效准则对该复合滑板进行5类失效评估。实验结果表明:该复合滑板的抗压最大质量为2 t,主要体现为基体失效,并且以基体拉伸失效为主,而纤维失效则不明显;通过失效准则判定,纤维失效主要集中于加载压头周边第30层小范围区域,并且为拉伸失效,这说明碳纤维的压弯失效层集中于弯曲曲率较大的铺层区域,加载部位的失效集中在底部的二级铺层结构面上.     

一种新型短切碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料研究

以短切碳纤维为增强纤维,采用湿法工艺研制成功一种新型无石棉纸基摩擦材料,采用TG-DTA热分析方法、定速摩擦试验和惯量摩擦研究了摩擦材料耐热性能、摩擦性能和磨损性能.试验结果表明,新研制的炭纤维增强纸基摩擦材料的起始分解温度和失重速率等耐热性能指标优良,动摩擦系数高达0.136～0.149,且摩擦系数稳定,磨损率低,是一种理想的新型无石棉纸基摩擦材料.     

短切纤维及预应力对玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料拉伸力学性能的影响

通过静态拉伸试验研究不同体积掺量的短切碳纤维、钢纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维及预应力对5层玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料(BTRC)拉伸性能的影响。试验结果表明:短切碳纤维、玻璃纤维可以提高基体和BTRC的开裂强度,且开裂强度随着碳纤维掺量的增加而增加;预应力使基体产生预压力,明显提高其开裂强度。短切纤维及预应力都显著提高BTRC的峰值荷载和韧性,但峰值应变基本不变;峰值荷载和韧性随着钢纤维掺量的增加而增加,体积分数为1.5vol%掺量时达到最大值;随着碳纤维掺量增加,峰值荷载和韧性先增加后减小,体积分数为1.0vol%掺量时最大。施加预应力且掺入短切碳纤维或钢纤维时,短切纤维增强的基体可以更好地承受张拉力释放后纤维束径向变形引起的环向应力,进一步提高了织物与基体界面的挤压作用力及摩擦力,从而增强效果最明显,峰值荷载分别增加50.4%和58.9%,韧性分别增加84.7%和79.5%。BTRC材料掺入短切玻璃纤维、钢纤维及施加预应力均可以增加其受力后的裂缝条数,减小裂缝间距和裂缝宽度。     

新型高性能电力机车受电弓滑板的研究

通过分析当前电力机车受电弓滑板存在的各种问题,用粉末冶金法研制出一种新型的受电弓滑板.该滑板由铜、碳纤维和石墨等构成.分析了成形压力、烧结温度对滑板性能的影响,对其导电性、摩擦、磨损性能及冲击韧性进行了检测,并与当前正在使用的受电弓滑板进行了对比.结果表明:该新型滑板的最佳制备工艺条件为(含量)铜78%,碳纤维2%,石墨15%,添加剂5%,成形压力为200MPa,烧结温度为880℃.该滑板不仅电阻率低,而且其摩擦、磨损及冲击韧性等性能也优越于当前正在使用的受电弓滑板.与国外浸金属碳滑板Rh82Mb相比,其摩擦系数降低20%,磨损量减少1.3%,冲击韧性提高1.7倍,导电性增强65倍.     

聚苯硫醚复合材料高速冲击破坏特征的微观分析

本工作利用霍普金森分离杆(SHPB)方法,对三种连续玻璃纤维和碳纤维增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)复合材料层压板进行了冲击试验,集中讨论了材料的破坏特征,试图为建立更为合理的高应变速率下复合材料横向冲击动态响应模型提供依据。结果显示,采用不同的铺层设计以及不同的纤维增强所得材料的损伤形貌有很大区别,纤维/树脂的界面粘结对微观开裂机理的影响显着。     

连续炭纤维增强受电弓滑板致密化及其性能

滑动受流条件下,树脂基滑板材料的温升会影响滑板使用的稳定性。采用炭化-液相浸渍法对滑板进行热稳定性及致密化处理,系统分析了热处理前后滑板性能的变化,并对致密化效果进行评价,利用磨损表面扫描图像分析摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:经过800℃热处理后,滑板的耐温性提高;热处理及浸渍后,受电弓滑板试样电阻率明显减小,热处理之后电阻率降低约100%;冲击强度降低,摩擦因数增大,体积磨损量增加;经过4次致密化处理后,滑板的气孔率下降约45%;冲击性能和摩擦磨损性能有所提高;未热处理的受电弓滑板在摩擦过程中主要的机械磨损形式是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损;热处理后磨粒磨损是主要磨损形式。     

Effect of Short Fibre Reinforcement on the Friction and Wear Behaviour of Nylon 66

Use of thermoplastic composite material for load bearing components is increasing due to economical processing of complicated shapes in large quantities. Addition of fibre improves the strength and modulus of composites. Although the tribo-behaviour of thermoplastic composites were investigated, the friction and wear mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Friction and wear behaviour of injection unfilled Nylon 66, glass fibre reinforced Nylon 66 and carbon fibre reinforced Nylon 66 is investigated under dry sliding conditions. Tests were conducted at different normal loads and sliding velocities at room temperature. Coefficient of friction, wear loss and heat generation during the wear tests were quantified. Presence of fibre affects coefficient of friction and wear resistance of Nylon 66 matrix composites. The formation and stability of the transfer films affects the wear resistance. The rise in temperature during sliding was also calculated and also measured. The contact temperature rise is influenced by the composition which in turn influences the fibre adhesion and thereby the wear resistance. Glass fibre reinforced Nylon exhibited the lowest wear rate among the materials investigated. Both adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms were observed in polymer matrix composites.     

Impact damage characterisation of carbon fibre/epoxy composites with multi-layer reinforcement

Low-velocity impact tests were performed to investigate the impact behaviour of carbon fibre/epoxy composite laminates reinforced by short fibres and other interleaving materials. Characterisation techniques, such as cross-sectional fractography and scanning acoustic microscopy, were employed quantitatively to assess the internal damage of some composite laminates at the sub-surface under impact. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe impact fractures and damage modes at the fracture surfaces of the laminate specimens. The results show that composite laminates experience various types of fracture; delamination, intra-ply cracking, matrix cracking, fibre breakage and damage depending on the interlayer materials. The trade-off between impact resistance and residual strength is minimised for composites reinforced by Zylon fibres, while that for composites interleaved by poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (PEEA) film is substantial because of deteriorating residual strength, even though the damaged area is significantly reduced. Damages produced on the front and back surfaces of impact were also observed and compared for some laminates.     

Improving impact resistance of carbon-fibre composites through interlaminar reinforcement

This work compares the impact resistance enhancement available through modifications to the interlaminar region of carbon fibre epoxy composites. Interleaving and short fibre interlaminar reinforcement techniques were used to improve the impact resistance of [0/90]₅ laminates tested using a Dynatup 8250 instrumented impact tester. Visual observation was also employed to assess the affects of the interlaminar reinforcement whilst quantifiable assessment compared incident and restitutive energies to determine energy absorbed during the impact event. The results confirmed that when short fibres are used to interlaminarly reinforce the laminates, lower quantities of incident energy are absorbed than when laminates are interleaved or remain unreinforced. Visual inspection however showed damaged areas to be smallest in interleaved specimens, followed by short fibre reinforced and unreinforced laminates.     

Reinforcing effect of carbon nanotubes on PEEK composite filled with carbon fibre

Abstract

The main objective of the present paper is to develop high wear resistance carbon fibre reinforced polyether ether ketone composite with addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes. These compounds were well mixed in a batch mixer, and compounded polymers were fabricated into sheets of known thickness by compression moulding. Samples were tested for wear resistance with respect to different concentration of fillers. The wear resistance properties of these samples depend on filler aspect ratio. Wear resistance of composite with 20 wt-% of carbon fibre increases when multiwall carbon nanotubewas introduced. The worn surface features have been examined using scanning electron microscope. Photomicrographs of the worn surfaces revealed higher wear resistance with the addition of carbon nanotube. Also better interfacial adhesion between carbon and vinyl ester in carbon reinforced vinyl ester composite was observed.     

复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤容限的改进方法和影响因素

依据笔者在这方面的研究和前人的工作，以及现有各种改进炭纤维增强树脂基复合材料冲击性能的方法，分析和总结了复合材料层合结构冲击损伤以及损伤容限，其中主要是冲击后压缩强度的重要影响因素，并且讨论了这些因素的作用。     

The mechanical properties,deformation and thermomechanical properties of alkali treated and untreated Agave continuous fibre reinforced epoxy composites

The mechanical properties such as tensile, compressive, flexural, impact strength and water absorption of the alkali treated continuous Agave fibre reinforced epoxy composite (TCEC) and untreated continuous Agave fibre reinforced epoxy composite (UTCEC) were analysed. A comparison of the surfaces of TCEC and UTCEC composites was carried out by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermomechanical properties of the composite reinforced with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated Agave fibres were considerably good as the shrinkage of the fibre during alkali treatment had facilitated more points of fibre resin interface. The SEM micrograph and FTIR spectra of the impact fracture surfaces of TCEC clearly demonstrate the better interfacial adhesion between fibre and the matrix. In both analyses the TCEC gave good performance than UTCEC and, thus, there is a scope for its application in light weight manufacture in future.     

Friction and wear properties of polyphenyl ester and graphite filler in the carbon fibre‐reinforced ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene composites

Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with carbon fibre (CF) underwent an enhancement of heat and wear resistant with the addition of polyphenyl ester (POB) and graphite, respectively. The effect of graphite content on the tribological properties of the composites was studied. The wear surface was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of the sliding wear tests showed that with graphite loading, wear resistance increased and the coefficient of friction was much more stable. In addition, graphite improved the tribological properties of the composite. Hardness, impact strengths and thermal stability of the composites were enhanced. With increased load, the wear rate of the ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene+carbon fibre+polyphenyl ester+10 % graphite composite tended to increase, whereas the coefficient of friction decreased. The adherence and plastic deformation were dominant wear mechanisms for the ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene+carbon fibre+polyphenyl ester+graphite composites. The formation of a thin and uniform transfer film was observed.     

An assessment of the residual strength of an impact-damaged carbon fibre reinforced epoxy

Fracture mechanics principles have been applied to a carbon fibre reinforced epoxy to assess its post-impact load-bearing capability in tension. Low-velocity impact loading has been shown to generate large zones of fibre fracture. By modelling this region of fibre damage as a sharp crack with equivalent transverse dimensions, the residual strength of a number of damaged carbon fibre reinforced plastic laminates has been analysed. This technique has then been extended to yield a lower bound in the residual strength versus impact energy curves. The applicability of the technique has been further assessed by applying it to data generated from high-velocity impact tests.     

ESTM-fabric/3266复合材料低速冲击响应及冲击后压缩行为研究

基于“离位”技术,分别开发两种新型聚醚砜(PES)点阵附载型(ES-L)和PES无规附载U3160织物型(ES-R)ES^TM-fabric织物,采用RTM工艺制备ES^TM-fabric织物增强3266中温环氧树脂基复合材料(ES^TM-fabric/3266),对其进行冲击阻抗及冲击后压缩测试,并利用荧光显微镜、SEM结果分析离位增韧机理,还对比研究未增韧U3160织物增强3266中温环氧树脂基复合材料的性能。低速冲击测试结果表明:相比未增韧U3160/3266(ES-U),ES^TM-fabric/3266的起始损伤阈值载荷显著提高,冲击损伤面积明显减少,裂纹扩展更加平缓,且以层内基体裂纹、纤维束内的纤维-基体脱粘和局部铺层断裂为主。ES-L的CAI值比ES-U增大了37%。ES-R层间出现均布式相反转结构,ES-L层间存在硬相区(富BMI连续相)和软相区(富PES连续相/3266相反转结构);ES-L的相结构能够更加有效地缓解应力集中、耗散冲击能量,从而使其表现出最佳的损伤阻抗和损伤容限性能。