浅尾水深水平底板上表面射流水力特性的数值模拟研究

采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法追踪自由液面,辅以Realizable(可实现化)湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对浅尾水深水平底板上的表面射流水力特性进行了数值模拟。微分方程的离散采用有限体积法,速度与压力耦合求解使用了压力隐式算子分裂PISO(Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators)算法。研究并分析了入射速度、尾水深和进口宽度等对流场流线分布、速度场及横断面最大流速沿程衰减规律等水力特性的影响。研究发现:流场内存在一个大的漩涡,入射流速越大,漩涡长度越长;横断面上水平流速和纵向流速在漩涡区和明渠流区分布规律不同;横断面最大流速沿程衰减主要受进口流速大小的影响。     

涌潮作用下丁坝附近水流运动特性的数值模拟研究

采用压力隐式算子分割法(PISO)求解雷诺时均方程和RNGκ-ε紊流模型,建立了描述涌潮作用下丁坝附近水流运动规律的数学模型。水流的控制方程采用有限体积法离散,物理变量采用交错网格布置,自由表面应用流体体积(VOF)法追踪。该数学模型得到实测资料的验证后,数值模拟了钱塘江涌潮作用下丁坝附近的流场、自由水面、涌潮变形和涌潮压力的变化规律等。结果表明:丁坝附近水力特性受涌潮影响较大,来潮初始,丁坝附近紊动强烈,流场和自由水面变化很大;丁坝上涌潮压力急剧增大,且丁坝不同高程处的压力几乎都在同一时刻达到其最大值。     

九龙峡水电站溢流堰三维数值模拟

利用 FLUNET 软件,以 k-ε湍流模型封闭 Reynods 方程,采用 VOF 法追踪自由水面,对九龙峡水电站表孔溢流堰的水流按定常流动进行了三维数值模拟。结果表明：溢流堰的泄流能力、水面线、压力分布和流速分布等计算结果与模型试验实测结果吻合良好,说明数值模拟计算可以用于一些水工建筑物泄流计算和设计     

三维明渠流动数值模型

本文对经典的SIMPLE方法进行了改进,在模拟具有自由表面的湍流问题时,摒弃了对自由表面常作的“刚盖”假定。通过求解k-ε模式闭合的三维雷诺方程及自由表面运动方程,得到了渠道槽沟区水流速度、涡粘性系数、湍流切应力、湍动能的分布规律和自由水面位置的变化规律,计算结果与实测值十分吻合。     

丁坝对弯道水流水力特性影响的研究

针对丁坝对弯道水流水力特性影响的问题,建立了相应的概化模型,通过数值模拟的方法,利用RNG k-湍流模型封闭Reynods方程,VOF法追踪自由表面,通过有限体积法离散求解,模拟研究了不同弯道中心角情况下,丁坝对弯道水流横向水面超高和流速场的影响。结果表明:在丁坝影响下,弯道水流水面横比降计算公式需要进行修正,应当考虑丁坝对河道的束窄、丁坝尺寸和弯道角度等综合因素的影响。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3-D TURBULENT FLOWS IN A CUT-OFF VALVE AND ANALYSIS OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN PIPE

1 .　INTRODUCTIONThevalvehasbeenplayinganimportantroleinthe pipeengineeringandisalsooneofmaincomponentsgeneratingtheheadloss .Becauseofthecomplexgeometry ,thedesignwasusuallyeval uatedempiricallyinthepast,whichcausesmuchenergyloss .Toreducetheenergyloss ,itisessen tialforadesignertoknowthedetailsofflowfieldinthevalvepipe .Recently ,withtheremarkableprogressintheComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD)andcomputerhardware ,itisexpectedthatCFDwillbecomeapowerfultoolinthedesignofvalve .Intheactual…     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF FREE SURFACE TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW WITH HEAT TRANSFER

1. INTRODUCTIONFreesurface turbulent flow exists widely in engineering. Due to difficulties in measurement and simulation, very little has been understood about the structures and transport mechanism of turbulence near the freesurface. Komori and Ueda…     

Numerical calculation of hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal currents for submarine excavation engineering in coastal area

In coastal areas with complicated flow movement, deposition and scour readily occur in submarine excavation projects. In this study, a smallscale model, with a high resolution in the vertical direction, was used to simulate the tidal current around a submarine excavation project. The finite volume method was used to solve Navier-Stokes equations and the Reynolds stress transport equation, and the entire process of the tidal current was simulated with unstructured meshes, generated in the irregular shape area, and structured meshes, generated in other water areas.The meshes near the bottom and free surface were densified with a minimum layer thickness of 0.05 m. The volume of fluid method was used to track the free surface, the volume fraction of cells on the upstream boundary was obtained from the volume fraction of adjacent cells, and that on the downstream boundary was determined by the water level process. The numerical results agree with the observed data, and some conclusions can be drawn: after the foundation trench excavation, the flow velocity decreases quite a bit through the foundation trench, with reverse flow occurring on the lee slope in the foundation trench; the swirling flow impedes inflow, leading to the occurrence of dammed water above the foundation trench; the turbulent motion is stronger during ebbing than in other tidal stages, the range with the maximum value of turbulent viscosity, occurring on the south side of the foundation trench at maximum ebbing, is greater than those in other tidal stages in a tidal cycle, and the maximum value of Reynolds shear stress occurs on the south side of the foundation trench at maximum ebbing in a tidal cycle. The numerical calculation method shows a strong performance in simulation of the hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal currents in the foundation trench, providing a basis for submarine engineering construction in coastal areas.     

3D CFD validation of invert trap efficiency for sewer solid management using VOF model

Earlier investigators have numerically carried out performance analysis of the invert trap fitted in an open channel using the stochastic discrete phase model(DPM) by assuming the open channel flow to be closed conduit flow under pressure and assuming zero shear stress at the top wall.This is known as the fixed lid model.By assuming the top wall to be a shear free wall,they have been able to show that the velocity distribution looks similar to that of an open channel flow with zero velocity at the bottom and maximum velocity at the top,representing the free water surface,but no information has been provided for the pressure at the free water surface.Because of this assumption,the validation of the model in predicting the trap efficiency has performed significantly poorly.In addition,the free water surface subject to zero gauge pressure cannot be modeled using the fixed lid model because there is no provision of extra space in the form of air space for the fluctuating part of the water surface profile.It can.however,be modeled using the volume of fluid(VOF) model because the VOF model is the appropriate model for open channel or free surface flow.Therefore,in the present study,three-dimensional(3D) computational fluid dynamics(CFD) modeling with the VOF model,which considers open channel flow with a free water surface,along with the stochastic DPM.was used to model the trap efficiency of an invert trap fitted in an open rectangular channel.The governing mathematical flow equations of the VOF model were solved using the ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software,reproducing the experimental conditions exactly.The results show that the 3D CFD predictions using the VOF model closely fit the experimental data for glass bead particles.     

斜向进水消力井水力特性模拟研究

水利水电工程中的泄水建筑物出口往往正冲河道,圆形消力井可以很好地适应山区峡谷地形条件的变化,使下泄水流平顺归河。针对一定纵坡条件下,尾水出口与泄槽轴线呈非对称正交的圆形消力井内复杂的水力特性问题,采用有限域数值模拟计算的方法对比验证并补充了物理模型试验成果,进一步开展了沿空间射流方向的相关水力要素机理分析。研究表明:消力井内水流流态依次呈平面横向紊动扩散自由射流、主流动力自相似淹没射流和冲击射流、近壁面附着扩散旋滚水跃3个临界雷诺数分区演变过程;沿程最大流速变化符合试验半经验公式拟合规律且近似呈平面扩散分布;水体压强结构特征可分解为水平轴对称及竖直变幅下的叠加分布。     

辐流式沉淀池液固两相流力学特性三维数值模拟

采用两相流混合模型,选取RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对辐流式二次沉淀池液固两相流力学特性进行三维数值模拟。采用有限体积法求解微分方程;紊动能、紊流耗散均采用Quick离散格式;速度与压力耦合求解时使用了压力隐式算子分裂PISO(Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators)算法。通过模拟获得了速度场、紊动能和污泥质量浓度等参量在空间的分布规律,对沉淀池的设计有一定的参考价值。     

An Investigation of Turbulent Rectangular Jet Discharged Into A Narrow Channel Weak Crossflow

A computational investigation of the mean flow field of turbulent rectangular jets issuing into a narrow channel crossflow is presented. The length of the jet slot spans more than 55% of the crossflow channel bed, leaving a small clearance between the jet edge and sidewalls. A finite volume code employing the standard k-εmodel is used to predict the mean, three-dimensional flow field. The mean flow field is investigated for two velocity ratios （6 and 9）. Important flow features, such as the formation of different vortical structures and their characteristics owing to different values of the velocity ratio, are discussed. Some predicted results are compared with the experimental data reported in the literature. The predicted mean and turbulent flow properties are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data.     

三维宽顶堰紊流场数值模拟及分析

本文利用三雏标准k-ε紊流数学模型,选择VOF方法追踪自由表面,采用气液两相流计算模型对宽顶堰流场进行了数值模拟,计算结果与试验数据较为吻合.模拟结果表明,数值模拟能够广泛应用于数值模拟带有复杂自由表面的泄水建筑物紊流场.     

三峡大坝左导墙长度优化设计

左导墙位于泄洪坝段与左厂房坝段之间的导墙坝段下游。其作用是将河床中部的泄洪消能水流与左电厂尾水渠隔开 ,避免泄洪时高速紊动水流与左电厂尾水出流的相互干扰和不利影响。经对泄洪建筑物体型优化后 ,减轻了坝下冲刷 ,有利于消能防冲 ;消能后水流对左电厂尾水渠的影响也相应减轻 ,使左电厂尾水渠流态有明显改善。这说明存在可适当缩短左导墙长度的可能性 ,经试验研究 ,缩短左导墙长度 52m。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF FREE SURFACE TURBULENT FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL WITHIN SUBMERGED VEGETATION DOMAIN

1 .　INTRODUCTIONInactualrivers ,theriverbediscommonlycoveredbyvegetation .Thevegetationinriversplaysanimportantroleontheenvironmentalfunc tionoftherivers,thatis,theamenitytohumanlife ,livingspaceformanylives ,purificationofwaterqualityandsoon .However ,thevegetationinriversalsoplaysakeyroleonthecarryingca pacityofachannelwithfloodplains .Therefore ,thehydraulicsoftheflowwithvegetationshouldbemoreimprovedorrefined .Logicalexplanationandaccurateevaluationaboutturbulentflowinopenchannelwith…     

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION FOR PLUNGING BREAKER WAVE

1 .　INTRODUCTIONInthenear shoreregion ,aswavespropagateintoshallowwater ,theprocessofshoalingleadstotheincreaseofwaveheight ,however ,thisprocesscannotcontinue ,andatacertain positionthewavebreaks .Inpractice ,breakingwavesarepow erfulagentsforgeneratingturbulence ,whichplaysanimportantroleinmostofthefluiddynamicalprocessesthroughoutthesurfzone ,suchaswavetransformation ,generationofnear shorecurrent ,diffusionofmaterials ,andsedimenttransporta tion .Manynumericalstudieshavebeenconductedt…     

3-D hybrid LES-RANS model for simulation of open-channel T-diversion flows

The study of flow diversions in open channels plays an important practical role in the design and management of open-channel networks for irrigation or drainage.To accurately predict the mean flow and turbulence characteristics of open-channel dividing flows,a hybrid LES-RANS model,which combines the large eddy simulation (LES) model with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model,is proposed in the present study.The unsteady RANS model was used to simulate the upstream and downstream regions of a main channel,as well as the downstream region of a branch channel.The LES model was used to simulate the channel diversion region,where turbulent flow characteristics ate complicated.Isotropic velocity fluctuations were added at the inflow interface of the LES region to trigger the generation of resolved turbulence.A method based on the virtual body force is proposed to impose Reynolds-averaged velocity fields near the outlet of the LES region in order to take downstream flow effects computed by the RANS model into account and dissipate the excessive turbulent fluctuations.This hybrid approach saves computational effort and makes it easier to properly specify inlet and outlet boundary conditions.Comparison between computational results and experimental data indicates that this relatively new modeling approach can accurately predict open-channel T-diversion flows.     

ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN SHALLOW LAKES WITH A TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW-SEDIMENT MODEL

The governing equation for sediment pollutions was derived based on the turbulent diffusion of pollutants in shallow lakes. Coupled with shallow water equations, a depth-averaged 2-D flow and water quality model was developed. By means of the conservation law, a proposed differential equation for the change of sediment pollutants was linked to the 2-D equations. Under the framework of the finite volume method, the Osher approximate Riemann solver was employed to solve the equations. An analytical resolution was used to examine the model capabilities. Simulated results matched the exact solutions especially well. As an example, the simulation of CODMn in the Wuli Lake, a part of the Taihu lake, was conducted, which led to reasonable results. This study provides a new approach and a practical tool for the simulation of flow and water quality in shallow lakes.     

Turbulence characteristics in free-surface flow over two-dimensional dunes

The turbulent structure of open-channel flows over two-dimensional dunes is investigated numerically using large-eddy simulation (LES), in order to improve our understanding of the interaction between the dune-generated turbulence and the free surface dynamics. The filtered Navier–Stokes equations in the LES model have been discretised using the finite volume method, with a dynamic sub-grid model being employed for the unresolved scales of turbulence. The partial cell treatment has been implemented in a Cartesian grid form to deal with the dune topography. Both the volume of fluid method and rigid lid approach have been employed in the numerical framework to investigate the effects of the free surface treatment on the flow characteristics. The numerical model predicted mean flow velocities, turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses have been compared with experimental measurements published in the literature, with a detailed analysis being undertaken to assess the accuracy of the model results and the effects of the free surface treatment on the velocity and turbulence predictions. The instantaneous flow structure has been investigated, with emphasis being focused on the free surface dynamics and coherent structures.