界面特性表征驱油剂对采出液稳定性的影响

针对三元复合驱不同驱油剂对采出液稳定性的影响问题,通过室内破乳脱水实验及油水界面张力、zeta电位、黏度等参数,研究了不同驱油剂对三元复合驱采出乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明:单一的碱和表面活性剂能够降低油水界面张力、增加zeta电位,从而减少脱水率、增强稳定性;聚合物则主要是增加zeta电位和体系黏度从而脱水率减少,稳定性增强;当多种驱油剂共同存在时乳状液成分复杂,乳化严重,乳状液更加稳定。因此可通过界面特性参数找出三元复合驱驱油剂对采出液稳定性的影响变化规律,为油田现场提供合理的驱油药剂。     

三元复合驱和聚合物驱采出原油组成和破乳脱水的关系

 进行了三元复合驱采出液和聚合物驱采出液与水驱采出液的对比破乳脱水实验及模拟采出液的破乳脱水实验, 考察了三元复合驱和聚合物驱采出原油与水驱采出原油组成的差异, 以及沥青质和胶质对破乳脱水效果的影响. 结果表明, 与水驱相比, 由于原油各组分与岩石表面相互作用力的差异及不同驱替液的驱替能力的差异, 三元复合驱和聚合物驱采出原油中的沥青质、胶质和芳烃含量增加. 原油中的沥青质和胶质含量的增加, 导致采出液的油、水相分离更困难, 因为沥青质和胶质是原油中对油-水界面膜强度贡献较大的组分, 其进入油-水界面使界面膜强度较大. 沥青质形成的界面膜的强度大于胶质形成的界面膜, 因此沥青质对油、水分离的影响大于胶质.     

CW—01反相破乳剂的研究和应用

油田开发进入高含水期和采用三次采油技术后，采出液中普遍出现了水包油型Ｏ／Ｗ乳状液中需要使用反相破乳剂进行破乳脱油。     

五里湾二区破乳剂性能优化及现场应用

随着我国原油开采进入中后期,原油中胶质、沥青质含量增加,使得原油乳状液更加稳定,加上采油技术的不断开发与应用,大量的表面活性剂用来驱油,使得原油的组成变得更加复杂,油田采出的原油含水量逐年增加,本文针对五里湾二区生产过程中出现破乳剂脱水水质发黑,加药浓度持续偏高现象进行分析,对该区块现使用破乳剂进行了室内性能优化,并进行现场实验取得良好效果。     

疏水缔合聚合物驱体系中原油乳状液性质及破乳规律

采用瓶试法考察了原油组成及疏水缔合聚合物（Hydrophobically associating polymer, HAP）质量浓度对原油乳状液稳定性的影响,用油 水界面张力、界面电性、界面扩张流变、界面剪切黏度等多个参数表征了HAP驱采出液油 水界面性质的变化规律,用一系列酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂对模拟采出液进行破乳。结果表明,原油中胶质和沥青质是影响原油乳状液稳定的重要因素;实验浓度范围内,随着HAP浓度升高,原油乳状液稳定性增强。HAP具有界面活性,吸附在油 水界面可降低界面能,利于乳化;HAP在界面上形成交联网状结构,提升了界面膜的扩张模量和剪切模量,同时增强了界面膜的负电性,利于稳定乳状液。环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷各占一半的酚胺树脂聚醚破乳剂与1%甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）交联后,5 min即可完全将原油乳状液破乳。     

海上稠油乳化堵塞解除技术研究

针对海上稠油油井乳化堵塞问题,室内分析了胶质、沥青质含量对原油油包水乳状液的影响,通过静态实验,考察了防乳破乳体系对稠油的防乳、破乳性能和油溶性降黏体系的溶沥青质能力、降黏性能;通过动态驱油实验,考察了两种药剂的解堵降压效果和驱油效果。实验结果表明,原油中的胶质、沥青质是稠油形成油包水乳状液的天然乳化剂,且含量越多,乳液越稳定。浓度为0.5%防乳破乳体系的防乳率为83%,破乳率为89%,具有良好的防止和解除乳化堵塞的能力;浓度为5%的油溶性降黏体系的降黏率为90%,溶沥青质速率为3.20 mg/(m L·min),可快速溶解稠油中的沥青质,降低原油黏度。动态驱油实验表明,油溶性降黏体系与防乳破乳体系可降低注入压差0.8 MPa,约为原压差的30%,驱油效果表明,两种体系的加入可使其驱油效率提升5%。化学体系可有效解除稠油乳化堵塞的问题,同时还可进一步提高洗油效率,加快采收速度,提高采收率。     

含固体颗粒二元复合驱原油乳状液破乳研究

为了有效处理含固体颗粒的聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱原油乳状液油水分离困难的问题,采用界面张力仪和全功能稳定性分析仪考察了硅藻土、破乳剂、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)和石油磺酸盐表面活性剂对胜利海上原油二元复合驱采出液稳定性和油水界面性质的影响。结果表明,非离子破乳剂ECY-05和有机硅破乳剂589按质量比4∶1组成的复配破乳剂FP的破乳效果良好,随着FP加量增大,乳状液稳定性降低,油水界面张力减小,脱水率增加,FP加量为200 mg/L时,含固原油乳状液60 min脱水率为88%;随着HPAM、表面活性剂和硅藻土含量的增加,乳状液稳定性增加,脱水率降低;油水界面张力随着硅藻土加量的增大而增大,随表面活性剂浓度的增大而减小,HPAM对油水界面张力影响较小,三者的协同作用使得脱水率降低。     

提高采收率的三元复合驱原油破乳研究

三元复合驱油（ Ａ Ｓ Ｐ ） 是提高采收率主要措施, 由于含有聚合物、 表面活性剂、 碱等物质, 其采出液（ 含水原油） 破乳脱水是油田开发的一个技术难点。用原油和产层水配置出 Ａ Ｓ Ｐ驱油的模拟采出液, 通过实验考察了聚合物、 碱、 表面活性剂和 ｐ Ｈ值对模拟采出液破乳效果的影响; 优选出了一种破乳效果较好的破乳剂 Ｚ Ｗ１－ １ ; 研究了破乳剂 Ｚ Ｗ１－ １对不同浓度的 Ａ Ｓ Ｐ体系模拟采出液的破乳效果, 对三元复合驱油体系的设计有一定的参考意义。实验结果表明： Ａ Ｓ Ｐ驱油体系的各种化学驱油剂对破乳效果的影响大小顺序是聚合物 ＞表面活性剂 ＞碱; Ａ Ｓ Ｐ驱油体系采出乳状液水相 ｐ Ｈ值控制在４～ ７时对采出原油的破乳有利; 当 Ａ Ｓ Ｐ驱油体系模拟采出液的三种化学剂浓度都为４ ０ ０ ｍ ｇ ／ Ｌ时, 破乳剂 Ｚ Ｗ１－ １的破乳率可以达到７ ８ ％。     

沥青质和胶质稳定的油包水乳状液的破乳研究

将大庆原油的胶质沥青质混合物分离为戊烷沥青质和胶质。在体积比7∶3的航空煤油和蒸馏水中按油水混合物总量加入不同量的沥青质(3～9mg/mL)和胶质(10～40mg/mL),制成油包水乳状液,在30～90℃的4个温度下放置不同时间或用功率850W、频率2.45×109Hz的微波辐照不同时间使之破乳并测定脱水率,结果表明:在热破乳中,沥青质稳定的乳状液的脱水率一般随温度升高、时间延长而增大,只有沥青质加量为9mg/mL时90℃脱水率较70℃有所减小;胶质稳定的乳状液易破乳,在每一温度下5～10分钟后脱水率即达到稳定值,脱水率高达77%～93%,胶质加量为30和40mg/mL时90℃脱水率较70℃有所减小。在微波辐照下乳状液破乳很快,90～120s后脱水率即达到稳定值,120s脱水率随沥青质和胶质加量增大而降低,最低加量时均达到100%。脱出水的透光率,微波辐照法高于热破乳法,胶质稳定的乳状液高于沥青质稳定的乳状液。对实验结果作了解释。表4参12。     

草桥稠油O/W乳状液破乳实验研究

胜利草桥稠油胶质 沥青质含量高(28.8% 0.86%),含蜡量低(3.58%),密度大(0.983 g/cm3,20℃),黏度高(12.8 Pa·s,50℃),凝点低(5℃),低温流动性很差.将该稠油与10 g/L的OP-10水溶液按7:3体积比配制成O/W乳状液,用6种商品破乳剂(滨州化工厂的SP169、RP、JHB2、BH202、BCL-405,Sigma公司的EPE),以200 mg/L的加剂量在60℃破乳脱水,脱水率均很高但脱出水浑浊.二元复配破乳剂SP169/EPE破乳脱水效果最好,脱水率100%且脱出水清澈,两剂最佳复配质量比在1:1附近,最佳加剂量150～200 mg/L,最佳破乳温度50～60℃,最佳破乳时间30 min.加入20 g/L的NaCl使复配破乳剂对稠油乳状液的破乳速度加快,15 min即完全破乳分层,脱出水清澈度进一步改善.讨论了破乳机理.图1表4参11.     

CW-01反相破乳剂的研究

油田开发进入高含水期和采用三次采油技术后,水包油(O/W型)乳状液普遍出现,需要使用反相破乳剂进行破乳。本文介绍了CW-01反相破乳剂(有效成份为含季铵盐侧基的聚醚)的合成、性能评价、现场工业试验以及应用注意事项。     

Influence of surfactants used in surfactant-polymer flooding on the stability of Gudong crude oil emulsion

The influences of an anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, used in surfactant-polymer flooding in Shengli Gudong oilfield, East China, on the interfacial properties of Gudong crude model oil and synthetic formation water was studied by measuring interfacial tension, interfacial viscoelasticity and Zeta potential. The influence of the surfactants on the stability of Gudong water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was evaluated by separating water from the W/O emulsion and residual oil in the aqueous phase of the O/W emulsion respectively. The results showed that the two kinds of surfactants, namely anionic-nonionic composite surfactant and petroleum sulfonate, are both able to decrease the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the aqueous phase and increase the surface potential of the oil droplets dispersed in the O/W emulsion, which can enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W crude oil emulsions. Compared with petroleum sulfonate, the anionic-nonionic composite surfactant is more interfacially active and able to enhance the strength of the interfacial film between oil and water, hence enhance the stability of the W/O and O/W emulsions more effectively.     

MD-1膜驱剂溶液的性质

分子沉积(MD)膜驱油技术是依靠MD膜驱剂在油藏体系的各种界面上单分子层静电吸附释放热量，从而提高原油采收率的新型技术。考察了MD-1膜驱剂溶液的电导率、粘度和其在原油中的分配。结果表明，MD-1膜驱剂属表面非活性物质，其水溶液不存在“胶束”状态；MD-1膜驱剂的加入不增加驱替流体的粘度，不改变油-水流度比，膜驱油机理与聚合物驱不同。随着MD-1膜驱剂质量浓度的增加，其相应油-水分配系数明显降低，MD-1膜驱剂质量浓度小于200mg／1时．其相应油-水分配系数随着质量浓度的增加明显降低，而浓度大于200mg／1时，油-水分配系数一般小于0．1；相同条件下，原油中的胶质和沥青质含量越多，MD-1膜驱剂在油、水两相间的分配系数越高。MD-1膜驱剂的油-水分配系数远小于1，说明其在油相中的溶解量很小。     

Oily Wastewater Treatment through a Separation Process Using Bubbles without Froth Formation

Abstract

This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil in the recovery process of organic compounds from oily effluents. To evaluate its efficiency in oil removal and its optimal concentration for each oil/water ratio, experiments were carried out using water/oil emulsions (50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm of oil) and produced water (50 ppm) in a small-scale column. According to these experiments, it was verified that there is an optimum surfactant concentration for each emulsion, and for produced water the extraction efficiency reaches a maximum value (80%) at a surfactant concentration of 0.1 g/L^?1.     

Characterization of Asphaltenes and Resins Separated from Water-in-Oil Emulsions

Knowledge of the properties and behavior of asphaltenes and resins is indispensable for the design of preventive and curative measure for emulsion problems created by the presence of asphaltene, resins, and other organic and inorganic solids. In order to understand the phenomena of water-oil emulsions formed in Kuwaiti oil fields and determine the factors involved in the stabilization of these emulsions, the role of asphaltenes, resins and wax separated from various samples of oil field emulsions formed in Burgan oil field have been evaluated. Physicochemical properties of asphaltenes, resins, wax, and de-asphalted de-resined (DADR) oil samples have been studied via FT-IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These emulsion samples contain different amounts of water ranges from 24 to 35%, asphaltene content ranges from 0.9 to 1.7%, and resin content from 3.7 to 4.6%. IR-FT spectra were performed to identify the various functional groups which have an effect on the stability of water-oil emulsions. The freezing behavior of an emulsion was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry to determine whether the water in the emulsion is free water or emulsified water.     

Characterization of Asphaltenes and Resins Separated from Water-in-Oil Emulsions

Abstract

Knowledge of the properties and behavior of asphaltenes and resins is indispensable for the design of preventive and curative measure for emulsion problems created by the presence of asphaltene, resins, and other organic and inorganic solids. In order to understand the phenomena of water-oil emulsions formed in Kuwaiti oil fields and determine the factors involved in the stabilization of these emulsions, the role of asphaltenes, resins and wax separated from various samples of oil field emulsions formed in Burgan oil field have been evaluated. Physicochemical properties of asphaltenes, resins, wax, and de-asphalted de-resined (DADR) oil samples have been studied via FT-IR, ¹H, and ¹³C NMR, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These emulsion samples contain different amounts of water ranges from 24 to 35%, asphaltene content ranges from 0.9 to 1.7%, and resin content from 3.7 to 4.6%. IR-FT spectra were performed to identify the various functional groups which have an effect on the stability of water-oil emulsions. The freezing behavior of an emulsion was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry to determine whether the water in the emulsion is free water or emulsified water.     

基于原油物性定量分析的原油乳状液转相点预测模型

以流动状态下的原油乳化含水率来表征原油-水体系的乳化特性,通过实验研究了体系含水率对原油乳化含水率的影响。研究表明：当体系含水率较小时,原油能将水相全部乳化,形成稳定的W/O乳状液;而当体系含水率超过一定的临界值后,原油乳化含水率急剧减少,形成的是W/O/W多重乳状液;该临界体系含水率,即为原油乳状液从W/O型向W/O/W型转变的转相点。确定了5个典型参数来表征原油物性,分别是沥青质胶质含量、蜡含量、机械杂质含量、原油酸值、原油全烃平均碳数。通过回归分析,建立了原油乳状液转相点预测模型,预测结果的平均相对偏差为3.2%。     

超声波处理油泥砂脱油实验研究

研究了超声波技术清洗含油泥砂的可行性。采用KQ100DB超声波清洗器,考察超声波功率、洗涤剂、操作温度、泥砂的粒径对油泥砂脱油率的影响,绘制了超声波洗涤处理油泥砂工艺流程图,并与传统的搅拌清洗相比较。结果表明,50℃时,处理SLYS样品30min,搅拌方式脱油率为22.7%,超声波方式脱油率达96.5%。对颗粒较小的JSYN样品,脱油率从28.0%（搅拌150min）提高至92.3%（超声波处理 60min）。超声波清洗工艺技术上可行,经济上合理有利,可以作为当今处理油泥砂工艺的一种选择。     

BRJ9604解堵剂在渤海绥中36-1油田的应用

针对渤海绥中 ３６１ 油田注水井堵塞的问题,研制了 Ｂ Ｒ Ｊ９６０４ 解堵剂,给出了其主要技术指标,介绍了该解堵剂在绥中３６１ 油田 Ａ８ 井的现场应用试验情况。试验结果表明, Ｂ Ｒ Ｊ９６０４ 可以有效地解除注水井近井地带的堵塞,使吸水指数明显增加。     

抗高温油基钻井液主乳化剂的合成与评价

以妥尔油脂肪酸和马来酸酐为主要原料合成了一种油基钻井液抗高温主乳化剂HT-MUL,并确定了妥尔油脂肪酸单体的最佳酸值及马来酸酐单体的最优加量。对HT-MUL进行了单剂评价,结果表明HT-MUL的乳化能力良好,配制的油水比为60:40的油包水乳液的破乳电压最高可达490 V,90:10的乳液破乳电压最高可达1000 V。从抗温性、滤失性、乳化率方面对HT-MUL和国内外同类产品进行了对比,结果表明HT-MUL配制的乳液破乳电压更大、滤失量更小、乳化率更高,整体性能优于国内外同类产品。应用主乳化剂HT-MUL配制了高密度的油基钻井液,其性能评价表明体系的基本性能良好,在220℃高温热滚后、破乳电压高达800 V,滤失量低于5 mL。HT-MUL配制的油基钻井液具有良好的抗高温性和乳化稳定性。