采用烘烤酶解方法生产枣汁饮料

以山西大枣为主要原料，采用烘烤预处理结合果胶酶酶解技术对枣中的营养及生理活性成分进行浸提，通过正交试验筛选出理想取汁工艺，确定出最佳工艺参数为：加酶量0．2％，浸提时间4h，浸提温度50℃，料水比1：3。     

竹叶-香蕉叶复合饮料的研制

以新鲜的竹叶和香蕉叶为原料,采用热水浸提取汁的方法研制新型复合饮料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对原料浸提的工艺条件、复合饮料配方进行优选,得出浸提最佳条件为：浸提叶水比1：2．5、浸提温度100℃、浸提时间5min、取汁次数1次;复合饮料最佳配方为：竹叶与香蕉叶总量4％、两者复合比2：1、白糖4％、柠檬酸0．06％、蜂蜜0．8％。     

桑叶玉米须茶饮料加工工艺的研究

以桑叶和玉米须为主要原料,以硫酸一蒽酮比色法为测定方法,多糖含量为指标,通过正交实验,得出桑叶汁、玉米须汁的最佳浸提条件,在此基础上将两种浸提液进行调配并确定其工艺参数。结果表明：桑叶汁的最佳浸提条件为浸提温度65℃、漫提时间70min、料水比1：80;玉米须汁的最佳浸提条件为浸提温度90℃、浸提时间60min、料水比1：60;桑叶和玉米须茶饮料的最佳配方为桑叶汁／玉米须汁比3：2（体积比）、蔗糖6％、柠檬酸0．1％。     

和田玉枣汁浸提工艺的研究

以和田玉枣为原料,以总糖、可溶性固形物含量为指标,通过正交试验确定了和田玉枣汁浸提工艺的最佳参数为：浸提温度70℃、浸提时间70min、料液比1：12。且在此条件下,浸提所得的和田玉枣汁中固形物含量为6．48％,总糖含量为10．78％。     

苦瓜多糖的改良苯酚-硫酸法测定和提取工艺

采用改良苯酚-硫酸法测定苦瓜及提取物中多糖的含量，以单糖组成比例组合而成的混合单糖为对照品制作糖的标准曲线，从而消除用葡萄糖做标准引起的系统误差，吸光度的变化与多糖含量呈线性关系，糖浓度在20～100μg范围内线性较好，平均回收率达100．68％，其供试液在2h内显色稳定。通过正交试验确定水溶性苦瓜多糖的最佳提取条件：浸提温度90℃，浸提时间为2h，固液比1：20。乙醇沉淀浓度为85％。苦瓜干粉样品中水溶性苦瓜多糖含量为8．20％．     

苦瓜金银花复合饮料的研制

以苦瓜为主要原料,添加适量金银花浸液及其它原辅料,研制出口感优良,风味独特,营养丰富,质量稳定的苦瓜金银花保健饮料。探讨了苦瓜金银花的最佳浸提工艺及生产工艺参数,通过正交实验得出饮料的最佳配方,即：苦瓜汁40％、金银花汁15％、白砂糖14％、柠檬酸0．1％。     

枸杞菊花胡萝卜复合饮料的研制

研究了以枸杞、菊花、胡萝卜为原料生产复合保健饮料的工艺。通过对原料浸提条件及饮料配方的优选试验，筛选出枸杞汁、菊花汁、胡萝卜汁的浸提条件分别为：料水比1：15、1：30、1：1．5；浸出时间3．5h、30min、80min；浸提温度70℃、90℃、55℃。饮料的最佳配方为：枸杞汁6．0％、菊花汁7．7％、胡萝卜汁10．3％、乙基麦芽酚0．015％、柠檬酸0．1％、白砂糖6％、黄原胶0．1％。开发出一种营养丰富、酸甜适口，具有枸杞、菊花香味、稳定性较好、对视力具有保健作用的新型饮料。     

红枣、枸杞保健露酒的研制

本论文研究了以红枣、枸杞为原料，通过不同料液比、温度、时间对红枣、枸杞复水、固形物提取的影响，确定了保健露酒的最佳提取工艺；并通过正交试验确定了保健露酒的最佳配方。结果表明：以料水比1：6，在100℃下浸提红枣3．5h，以料水比1：20，在80℃下浸提枸杞1．5h～2h为最佳复水取汁条件；以红枣汁67％、枸杞33％、酒精度5％为最佳配方。     

苦瓜低糖复合饮料的工艺研究

以苦瓜、丝瓜、花生和蜂蜜为主要原料,制备苦瓜低糖复合饮料。确定了最佳的饮料配方及工艺参数,即苦瓜和丝瓜复合汁添加量为30%,其中苦瓜汁和丝瓜汁比为1：1.5,花生浆、蜂蜜添加量分别为15%、4%,并添加0.05%抗坏血酸和0.2%黄原胶;均质温度为65～75℃,压力为23～25MPa;然后在90.3～90.7KPa下脱气一次,80～85℃水浴灭菌30min。     

苦瓜植株各部分黄酮的提取与粗黄酮含量的测定

介绍了以苦瓜植株各部分为原料用微波法提取黄酮，通过正交试验对该方法进行了最佳条件的探讨。实验结果表明：以体积分数50％乙醇水溶液作提取溶剂，固液比1：30（g／mL），微波照射2min，浸提时间1h，提取温度80℃，苦瓜叶中黄酮提取率最高。并用该最佳条件分别提取苦瓜叶、茎、果、根的黄酮类化合物，测其质量分数分别为1．616％、0．453％、1．535％、0．875％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the