Improvements in mechanical properties of TiB2 ceramics tool materials by the dispersion of Al2O3 particles

TiB₂–Al₂O₃ composites with Ni–Mo as sintering aid have been fabricated by a hot-press technique at a lower temperature of 1530 °C for 1 h, and the mechanical properties and microstructure were investigated. The microstructure consists of dispersed Al₂O₃ particles in a fine-grained TiB₂ matrix. The addition of Al₂O₃ increases the fracture toughness up to 6.02 MPa m^1/2 at an amount of 40 vol.% Al₂O₃ and the flexural strength up to 913.86 MPa at an amount of 10 vol.% Al₂O₃. The improved flexural strength of the composites is a result of higher density than that of monolithic TiB₂. The increase of fracture toughness is a result of crack bridging by the metal grains on the boundaries, and crack deflection by weak grain boundaries due to the bad wetting characters between Ni–Mo and Al₂O₃.     

Al2O3颗粒形貌对注凝成型ZrO2/Al2O3陶瓷性能的影响

采用3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原料对注凝成型制备ZrO₂/Al₂O₃（ZTA）陶瓷工艺中悬浮体的流变性能进行了研究。以低毒的单体N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）制备了ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体和陶瓷。讨论了3种不同形貌的Al₂O₃原浆料的分散剂用量、球磨时间和固含量对浆料流变性的影响。Al₂O₃粉体呈扁平状有利于降低浆料的黏度,Al₂O₃粉体呈棒状对生坯强度的提高有利。制得的3种ZrO₂/Al₂O₃坯体颗粒间结合紧密,抗弯强度分别达到21.45,19.87,25.90 MPa。Al₂O₃粉体呈颗粒状有利于最终陶瓷力学性能的提高,陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性分别为680 MPa和7.49 MPa·m^1/2,453.1 MPa和6.8 MPa·m^1/2,549.4 MPa和6.34 MPa·m^1/2。     

Microstructures, densification and mechanical properties of TiC–Al2O3–Al composite by field-activated combustion synthesis

Dense TiC–Al₂O₃–Al composite was prepared with Al, C and TiO₂ powders by means of electric field-activated combustion synthesis and infiltration of the molten metal (here Al) into the synthesized TiC–Al₂O₃ ceramic. An external electric field can effectively improve the adiabatic combustion temperature of the reactive system and overcome the thermodynamic limitation of reaction with x < 10 mol. Thereby, it can induce a self-sustaining combustion synthesis process. During the formation of Al₂O₃–TiC–Al composite, Al is molten first, and reacted with TiO₂ to form Al₂O₃, followed by the formation of TiC through the reaction between the displaced Ti and C. Highly dense TiC–Al₂O₃–Al with relative density of up to 92.5% was directly fabricated with the application of a 14 mol excess Al content and a 25 V cm⁻¹ field strength, in which TiC and Al₂O₃ particles possess fine-structured sizes of 0.2–1.0 μm, with uniform distribution in metal Al. The hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness of the synthesized TiC–Al₂O₃–Al composite are 56.5 GPa, 531 MPa and 10.96 MPa m^1/2, respectively.     

Fe/Al2O3复合材料的制备和性能

用石墨埋烧方法制备Fe/Al₂O₃复合材料,对其力学性能和微观结构进行了分析。结果表明:Fe/Al₂O₃复合材料的弯曲强度与断裂韧性均随Al₂O₃含量的升高先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃含量（质量分数）为70%时,其弯曲强度与断裂韧性分别达到602.49 MPa和9.33 MPa·m¹/2,其硬度随Al₂O₃含量先降低后升高。在烧结过程中在Fe颗粒周围形成一种成分为FeO与FeAl₂O₄的壳体,在壳体与Fe颗粒之间存在微裂纹缺陷。壳体的形成和壳体与金属颗粒间的微裂纹钝化了外部应力,从而提高了复合材料的韧性。     

光悬浮区熔定向凝固Al2O3/Er3Al5O12和Al2O3/Yb3Al5O12共晶陶瓷的制备与性能研究

本研究探索了光悬浮区熔法制备Al₂O₃/Er₃Al₅O₁₂(ErAG)和Al₂O₃/Yb₃Al₅O₁₂(YbAG) 定向凝固共晶陶瓷。在10 mm/h的抽拉速率下成功获得了凝固组织均匀、内部无裂纹或孔洞的高质量共晶陶瓷。通过高分辨三维X射线衍射仪研究了Al₂O₃和RE₃Al₅O₁₂在三维空间的分布与组织结构; 利用电子背散射衍射技术分析了定向凝固末期Al₂O₃和RE₃Al₅O₁₂两相的晶体学择优取向和相界面关系。力学性能表征结果显示, Al₂O₃/ErAG和Al₂O₃/YbAG具有优异的力学性能, 二者的维氏硬度分别为(13.5±0.4)和(12.8±0.1) GPa;断裂韧性分别为(3.0±0.2)和(3.2±0.1) MPa·m^1/2。     

低温燃烧法制备(W,Mo)C/Al2O3/La2O3复合粉末及性能

为了开发出一种无黏结相硬质合金来减少传统硬质合金中钴元素的应用,采用化学法制备(W,Mo)C/Al₂O₃/La₂O₃。以偏钨酸铵、钼酸铵、硝酸铝、硝酸镧、尿素和葡萄糖为原料,通过低温燃烧法探究硝酸盐和尿素、葡萄糖的不同配比,得出最优配比后还原炭化制备(W,Mo)C/Al₂O₃/La₂O₃粉末。在1500~1800℃经离子烧结制备(W,Mo)C/Al₂O₃/La₂O₃无黏结相材料,研究其力学性能并分析强韧化机制。结果表明:硝酸盐和尿素的最佳摩尔配比为1∶2,硝酸盐和葡萄糖的最佳摩尔配比为1∶0.5,加入葡萄糖后颗粒尺寸减小了0.28μm,比表面积提高了75.64%。致密度、维氏硬度和抗弯强度在1600℃时达到最大值分别为:98.45%,2202HV和1203 MPa,断裂韧度在1500℃时达到最大值为7.52 MPa·m^1/2。由于晶粒的细化及第二相颗粒的增韧的影响,(W,Mo)C/Al₂O₃/La₂O₃在1500~1600℃时以沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂为主;晶粒长大以及孔隙的出现导致(W,Mo)C/Al₂O₃/La₂O₃在1700~1800℃时以沿晶断裂为主。     

Synthesis and characterization of Zn/Al2O3 nanocomposite by mechanical alloying

In this study, fabrication and characterization of zinc-based metal matrix nanocomposite reinforced by Al₂O₃ particles was investigated. Aluminum and zinc oxide powder mixture was milled in a planetary ball mill in order to produce Zn/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite. The structural evaluation milled and annealed powders studied by X-ray diffraction, SEM observation and hardness measurement. The zinc crystallite size estimated with broadening of XRD peaks by Williamson-Hall formula. The zinc oxide was found to react with Al through a rapid self-sustaining combustion reaction process. As a result a zinc matrix composite reinforced by Al₂O₃ particulate was formed. The microhardness value of produced nanocomposite powder was about 350 HV which was 10–15 times higher than the microhardness of pure zinc (20–30 HV).     

ZrO2(Y2O3)含量对双峰晶粒度分布Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料力学性能的影响

多相Mo-12Si-8.5B合金是一种很有应用前景的高温结构材料,为了同时提高Mo-12Si-8.5B合金的强度和韧性,提出了采用纳米ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)强韧化具有双峰晶粒度分布Mo-12Si-8.5B复合材料的方法。首先采用溶胶-凝胶和高温氢还原法制备了纳米Mo-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)复合粉末,然后以纳米Mo-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)粉末和微米Mo粉末为原材料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了具有双峰晶粒度分布的Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)复合材料。结果表明,随着ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)含量的增加,制备的Mo-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)纳米粉末的粒度和烧结体相对致密度均逐渐减小,ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)含量小于2.5wt%时,烧结体的相对致密度均大于98.1%。当ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)含量为1.5wt%和2.5wt%时,复合材料具有较高的硬度(9.76~9.98 GPa),抗弯强度(672~678 MPa)和断裂韧性(12.68~12.82 MPa·m1/2)。Mo-12Si-8.5B-ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)复合材料中Mo晶粒细化、粗细Mo晶粒的晶界强化和纳米ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)颗粒第二相强化是提高硬度和抗弯强度主要原因;复合材料中粗晶粒Mo和纳米ZrO₂(Y₂O₃)有助于断裂韧性的提高,材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。      

Al2O3纤维对SiO2基陶瓷型芯的烧缩阻滞

向SiO₂基体粉料中添加Al₂O₃纤维,采用热压注法制备Al₂O₃/SiO₂陶瓷型芯。分析Al₂O₃纤维含量对陶瓷型芯性能的影响。研究结果表明：Al₂O₃纤维含量对Al₂O₃/SiO₂陶瓷型芯的线收缩率、体积密度和抗弯强度均有较大的影响。当Al₂O₃纤维含量大于1wt%时,Al₂O₃/SiO₂陶瓷型芯的线收缩率大幅度降低,稳定在0.335%左右,体积密度随之降低,稳定在1.790 g · cm^-3左右;当Al₂O₃纤维含量为1wt%时,陶瓷型芯抗弯强度达最大值20.48 MPa。分析了Al₂O₃纤维对Al₂O₃/SiO₂陶瓷型芯烧结收缩的阻滞作用机制。     

MgO·1.5Al2O3透明陶瓷的无压/热等静压烧结制备

镁铝尖晶石透明陶瓷是典型的结构功能一体化材料, 具有优异的光学和机械性能。实验合成了颗粒细小、均匀的单相MgO·1.5Al₂O₃陶瓷粉末, 并且利用XRD全谱拟合软件Fullprof和尖晶石位置分配程序SIDR两步法确定其晶体结构为(Mg_0.46Al_0.54)^IV[Mg_0.26Al_1.64□_0.09]^VIO₄。再通过真空无压烧结结合热等静压烧结制备出了高性能的透明陶瓷, 热等静压18 MPa下1850℃烧结4 h所得样品的致密度达到99.75%, 厚度为2 mm的烧结样品可见光透过率达到65%, 红外波段透过率达到80%以上, 维氏硬度为(12.75±0.12) GPa, 杨氏模量为277 GPa。     

High performance nanocomposites for tribological applications: Preparation and characterization

High performance nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating 0–12 vol.% nano-sized (39 nm) Al₂O₃ particles into PEEK matrix using compression molding. The microhardness and dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites increase with increasing Al₂O₃ content. The wear resistance of the nanocomposites evaluated at a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s and nominal pressure from 0.5 MPa to 1.25 MPa under dry sliding conditions was improved more than threefold at 0.8 vol.% Al₂O₃ content. However, the wear resistance of the nanocomposites containing above 1.67 vol.% Al₂O₃ was deteriorated, despite their higher hardness and stiffness as compared to that of nanocomposites containing lower Al₂O₃ content. The surface roughness of the wear track formed over the countersurface increases with increasing Al₂O₃ content. The coefficient of friction of nanocomposites was higher than that of pure PEEK. SEM and optical microscopy have shown that wear of pure PEEK occurs by the mechanism of adhesion mainly, whereas of nanocomposites by microploughing and abrasion. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) shows that Fe and alloying elements of countersurface transfer to the wear debris at higher Al₂O₃ content.     

Bi2O3助熔剂对CaO-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3玻璃陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

以CaO-B₂O₃-SiO₂(CBS)玻璃粉体和Al₂O₃陶瓷粉体为原料,通过在CBS与Al₂O₃的质量比固定为50:50的玻璃-陶瓷复合材料中添加适量的Bi₂O₃作为烧结助熔剂,探讨了Bi₂O₃助熔剂对CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数的影响规律.研究表明:Bi₂O₃助熔剂能通过降低CBS玻璃的转变温度和黏度促进CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的致密化进程,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得结构较致密、气孔较少的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料.然而,过量添加Bi₂O₃将使玻璃的黏度过低,从而恶化CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的烧结性能、介电性能及抗弯强度.当Bi₂O₃的添加量为CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料的1.5wt%时,于880 ℃下烧结即能获得最为致密的CBS/Al₂O₃复合材料,密度为2.82 g·cm^-3,这一材料具有良好的介电性能(介电常数为7.21,介电损耗为1.06×10^-3),抗弯强度为190.34 MPa,0~300 ℃的热膨胀系数为3.52×10^-6 K^-1.     

Vacuum heat treatment of LiAlO2 densified silicon nitride ceramics

The aim of the present work has been to produce high-dense Si₃N₄ ceramics by a cheaper pressureless sintering method and then to attain vacuum heat treatment to remove residual grain boundary glass in gaseous form. LiAlO₂ was used as a sintering additive rather than using Li₂O, since its grain boundary glass is not stable above 1200 °C. LiAlO₂ was synthesised from 42% Li₂CO₃ and 58% Al₂O₃ powder mix reacting together at 1450 °C for 3 h in a muffle furnace. X-ray analysis showed that 95% LiAlO₂ was obtained. LiAlO₂ was milled and added to silicon nitride powder as a sintering additive. Hot-pressing and pressureless sintering of LiAlO₂ containing Si₃N₄ compacts were carried out at temperatures between 1450–1750 °C. The sintered samples were vacuum heat-treated at elevated temperatures under high vacuum to remove intergranular glass and to increase refractoriness of Si₃N₄ ceramics. Scanning electron microscope images and weight loss results showed that Li in grain boundary glass (Li–Al–Si–O–N) was successfully volatilised, and oxidation resistance of the sintered samples was increased.     

Al2O3量对2219车铝板上等离子喷涂Ni层组织和摩擦性能的影响

将Ni与Al₂O₃微米颗粒实施混合,再将其通过等离子喷涂方法沉积到2219铝合金表面,控制合适的喷涂工艺参数得到Al₂O₃/Ni复合涂层,实验测试研究Al₂O₃量对涂层组织和摩擦性能的影响。研究结果表明:与原始粉末相比,对涂层XRD测试发现形成强度很高的Ni衍射峰,Al₂O₃相发生了峰强度减小。在涂层内形成了灰色的Ni组织区,Al与Al₂O₃则呈现黑色的状态。逐渐提高Al₂O₃加入量后,形成了更多的黑色组织。涂层获得了比2219基体更高的硬度,相对于基体组织提高了3倍以上,提高Al₂O₃加入量后涂层硬度获得提升。涂层内含有的Al₂O₃比例提高后,涂层发生了摩擦系数和磨损率降低。当Al₂O₃含量继续增加后,形成较多氧化物,表现为氧化磨损。随着Al₂O₃含量的增加,氧化磨损程度表现出增加变化。     

Al2O3填料对SiCf/BN/SiC复合材料弯曲强度和高温吸波性能的影响

用有机先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)法制备SiC_f/BN/SiC复合材料,研究了微米Al₂O₃粉体对其弯曲强度、高温介电和高温吸波性能的影响。结果表明,随着Al₂O₃的含量从5%提高到20%,SiC_f/BN/SiC的弯曲强度呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,最大值达到295 MPa;随着温度的升高复合材料复介电常数的实部和虚部均逐渐增大,加入Al₂O₃填料能降低高温复介电常数及其随温度增大的幅度。无填料复合材料的室温和高温吸波性能均较差,而添加20% Al₂O₃的复合材料在8.2~12.4 GHz频段的室温反射损耗均低于-8 dB,且适用厚度为3.0~3.5 mm,700℃时厚度为3.0 mm的反射损耗为-5~-8 dB,在实际工程应用中具有较强的可设计性。     

Al2O3包覆Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2富锂正极材料的电化学性能

用溶胶凝胶法制备了Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂富锂锰基正极材料,用均匀沉淀法对其进行不同比例Al₂O₃的表面包覆改性,并对其进行XRD、TEM表征和电化学性能分析。结果表明,包覆后的材料保持了原来的层状结构,Al₂O₃均匀地包覆在材料颗粒表面形成纳米级包覆层。在0.1C、2.0~4.8 V条件下Al₂O₃包覆量(质量分数)为0.7%的正极材料首次放电容量为251.3 mAh/g,首次库仑效率达到76.1%,100次循环后容量保持率达92.9%。包覆Al₂O₃抑制了循环过程中的电压衰减,适量的Al₂O₃包覆使正极材料的电化学性能提高。     

Synthesis of MoSi2–Al2O3 nanocomposite by mechanical alloying

MoSi₂–Al₂O₃ nanocomposite was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) of MoO₃, SiO₂ and Al powder mixture. The structural evolution of the powders was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Both β-MoSi₂ and -MoSi₂ were obtained after 3 h of milling. The spontaneous formation of β-MoSi₂ during milling proceeded by a mechanically induced self propagating reaction (MSR), analogous to that of the self propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS). After 70 h of milling the β-phase transformed to -phase. The crystallite size of -MoSi₂ and Al₂O₃ after milling for 100 h was 12 and 17 nm, respectively. Residual Mo and Si in the 3 and 70 h milled samples formed β-MoSi₂ and Mo₅Si₃ during heating at 1000 °C, respectively.     

Controllable formation of Er–Yb codoped Al2O3 films by the non-aqueous sol–gel method

1 mol%Er³⁺–10 mol%Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films have been prepared on thermally oxidized SiO₂/Si(110) substrates by a dip-coating process in the non-aqueous sol–gel method from the hydrolysis of aluminum isopropoxide [Al(OC₃H₇)₃] under isopropanol environment. Addition of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a drying control chemical additive (DCCA) into the sol suppresses formation of the cracks in the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films when the rare-earth ion is doped with a high doping concentration. Homogeneous, smooth and crack-free Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films form at the conditions by a molar ratio of 1:1 for DMF:Al(OC₃H₇)₃. A strong photoluminescence spectrum with a broadband extending from 1.400 to 1.700 µm centered at 1.533 µm is obtained for the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films, which is unrelated to the addition of DMF. Controllable formation of the Er³⁺–Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ thin films may be explained by the fact that the DMF assisted the deprotonation process of Al–OH at the surfaces of gel particles, resulting in enhancement of the degree of polymerization of sols and improvement of the mechanical properties of gel thin films.     

Mg0.27Al2.58O3.73N0.27透明陶瓷机械性能评价

MgAlON透明陶瓷具有优良的光学与机械性能, 在军用和民用领域均具有重要的应用潜力。本研究表征并评价了Mg_0.27Al_2.58O_3.73N_0.27透明陶瓷的机械性能, 实验测定了Mg_0.27Al_2.58O_3.73N_0.27透明陶瓷的维氏硬度、断裂韧性以及室温和高温断裂强度, 并使用Weibull函数对室温断裂强度测试结果进行统计。结果表明: 该透明陶瓷特征断裂强度为255 MPa、断裂韧性为2.56 MPa/m^1/2、杨氏模量为288 GPa、硬度为15.1 GPa。样品的Weibull模数为4.5, 1200℃下样品断裂强度达125 MPa。同时还测定了不同载荷下Mg_0.27Al_2.58O_3.73N_0.27透明陶瓷的硬度与不同载荷加载速率下的断裂强度。研究表明MgAlON光学透明陶瓷机械性能介于AlON和MgAl₂O₄之间。     

The effect of Si3N4 on the thermal expansion behavior of MoSi2

The effect of Si₃N₄ particulates on the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of MoSi₂ was investigated. It was observed that as the volume percent of Si₃N₄ increases, the CTE of the MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ composites decreases. In the temperature range 1000–1500 °C, typical of that required for glass melting, about 30–35 vol% Si₃N₄ particulates are needed in the MoSi₂-Si₃N₄ composites such that the CTE of the composite matches the CTE of Mo.