共沉淀法原位合成无压烧结TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料

以TiCl4溶液和B4C粉末为主要原料,采用共沉淀、原位合成无压烧结技术制备了TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料.研究了原料配比、烧结温度对TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料的烧结性能、显微组织和力学性能的影响.通过X射线衍射、金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析手段,分析了TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料的物相组成、显微组织和断裂特征.研究结果表明:当成分质量配比TiB2∶B4C为40∶60时,材料最大相对密度为98.5%T.D;在最佳成分配比下,随着烧结温度的升高,原位合成制备的TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度均为先升高后降低,材料的最佳烧结工艺为2050℃,1 h.在最佳烧结工艺下,TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最佳值分别为3.17 g/cm3,31.5GPa,381 MPa和5.1 MPa·m1/2.     

共沉淀法原位合成无压烧结TiB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料

以TiCl4溶液和B4C粉末为主要原料，采用共沉淀、原位合成无压烧结技术制备了TiB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料。研究了原料配比、烧结温度对TiB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料的烧结性能、显微组织和力学性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分析手段，分析了TiB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料的物相组成、显微组织和断裂特征。研究结果表明：当成分质量配比TiB2：B4C为40：60时，材料最大相对密度为98．5％T．D；在最佳成分配比下，随着烧结温度的升高，原位合成制备的TiB2／B4C陶瓷复合材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度均为先升高后降低，材料的最佳烧结工艺为2050℃，1h。在最佳烧结工艺下，TiB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最佳值分别为3．17g／cm^3，31．5GPa，381MPa和5．1MPa．m^1/2.     

机械合金化与热压烧结法制备2Si-B-3C-N陶瓷

以Si_3N_4、B4C、C、Si等粉末为原料,采用机械合金化方法制备2Si-B-3C-N粉末,在氮气保护下1900 ℃, 40 Mpa热压烧结30 min获得2Si-B-3C-N陶瓷,研究了块体陶瓷微观组织结构与力学性能.高能球磨粉末在热压烧结后致密度达到了97.9%.热压烧结的2Si-B-3C-N陶瓷中主要含有等轴状的b-SiC和层片状的h-BCN相.BCN晶粒尺寸约为200 nm,SiC晶粒尺寸约为400～500 nm.BCN晶粒主要分布在SiC晶粒周围.2Si-B-3C-N陶瓷的室温抗弯强度、弹性模量、断裂韧性、硬度分别为446.6 Mpa、144.6 Gpa、5.10 Mpa×m~(1/2)和5.53 Gpa.在高温空气状态下,2Si-B-3C-N陶瓷的抗弯强度随温度的升高而降低,1000和1400 ℃下的抗弯强度分别为358.7和202.1 Mpa.     

热压烧结制备Al2O3/TiCN-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的组织与性能

采用真空热压烧结方法制备Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷基复合材料,采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜分析材料的物相组成和显微结构,研究烧结工艺对材料物相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ni和Ti的添加显著提高复合材料的强度和韧性;温度小于1 600℃时,复合材料的力学性能随热压温度的升高而升高;温度高于1 600℃时,温度升高及保温时间延长不仅会导致Al2O3晶粒的异常长大和Ti(C,N)的分解,而且会使Ni发生聚集现象,复合材料的力学性能下降;当烧结温度为1 600℃、保温时间为30 min时,制备的Al2O3/Ti(C,N)-Ni-Ti陶瓷复合材料的力学性能最佳,其相对密度达到99.4%,抗弯强度为820 MPa,断裂韧性达到9.3 MPa.m1/2。     

TiB_2含量对原位反应合成TiB_2/B_4C复合材料的组织结构和力学性能的影响(英文)

以B4C,TiO2和石墨粉为原料,采用原位反应热压烧结工艺(2050℃,35MPa,1h)制备了致密的TiB2含量为10%～40%(体积分数)的TiB2/B4C复合材料,并对复合材料的组织结构和力学性能进行了研究。扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析结果表明:在B4C晶内及晶界处均匀分布着纳米或亚微米级的TiB2颗粒,随着TiB2含量的增加,弹性模量和断裂韧性明显增大,而弹性模量和抗弯强度却随之减小。40%(体积分数)TiB2/B4C复合材料具有高的断裂韧性,高达8.2MPam1/2,主要增韧机制由微裂纹增韧和裂纹偏转增韧。     

TiB2含量对B4C-TiB2-Al复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

通过在B4C-TiB2预烧体中真空熔渗Al制备了B4C-TiB2-Al复合材料,研究了TiB2含量对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明: B4C-TiB2-Al复合材料主要由B4C,TiB2,Al和Al3BC等相组成;随着TiB2含量的增加,复合材料的HRA硬度逐渐降低,抗弯强度逐渐增大,断裂韧性先增大后稍微降低,当TiB2含量为40%(质量分数)时,复合材料的气孔率、硬度HRA、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为1.32%,80.3,559.4 MPa和7.83 MPa·m1/2;延性Al的加入,裂纹的偏转和分叉、B4C和TiB2晶粒的细化以及B4C基体和TiB2晶粒热膨胀的不匹配,是造成材料断裂韧性提高的主要原因;随着Al渗入量的增加,复合材料断口中金属撕裂棱及韧窝的比例增加.     

SiC晶须含量对ZrC陶瓷性能与组织的影响

以微米ZrC颗粒、SiC晶须为原料(SiC晶须体积含量分别为5%,10%,15%,20%),采用热压烧结工艺制备SiC晶须增韧ZrC基超高温陶瓷,研究了SiC晶须含量对ZrC基超高温陶瓷力学性能与组织的影响。结果表明:随着SiC晶须含量的增加,材料的致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性逐渐提高;当SiC晶须体积含量为20%时,致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性同时达到最大值,分别为99.24%,626.17MPa,5.03MPa·m1/2。SEM表明,试样微观组织均匀,强韧化机制主要是细晶强化和晶须拔出。     

AlN/堇青石基玻璃陶瓷复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

用真空热压烧结法制备AlN/堇青石玻璃陶瓷复合材料。分析复合材料样品的相对密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度与AlN含量及烧结温度的关系,并对其显微组织与力学性能进行研究。结果表明：样品的相对密度随AlN加入量的增加逐渐下降;样品的抗弯强度和断裂韧度随烧结温度的升高而增加,随AlN加入量的增加呈先升后降的变化趋势;当AlN体积分数为0.40时,复合材料样品的抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最大值,分别为212 MPa和3.04 MPa.m^1/2。XRD分析表明：AlN与堇青石玻璃未发生化学反应,化学相容性好。断口形貌和压痕裂纹扩展路径的扫描电镜观察结果表明,复合材料的强化机制主要是载荷传递,增韧机制主要为裂纹的绕道偏转、分叉和钉扎与颗粒的拔出。     

热压烧结Ti/Al2O3复合材料物相分析及力学性能

采用热压烧结法制备Ti/Al2O3复合材料,研究不同Nb掺量对复合材料的物相及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Nb可以与Al2O3解离出的Al结合成为AlNb2或AlNb3,抑制Al向Ti中的扩散,改善了材料的界面反应,提高材料力学性能;随Nb含量的增加,复合材料的相对密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性、显微硬度均呈先增大再减小的趋势,在Nb含量为1.5%(体积分数,下同)时,相对密度、断裂韧性、显微硬度均达到最大值,分别为98.97%、5.18MPa·m1/2和16.56GPa,抗弯强度在Nb的掺入量为2%时达到最大值307.17MPa。     

热压烧结B4C陶瓷材料的组织与性能

采用热压烧结的方法,在不同烧结温度下对B4C微粉进行烧结,详细研究烧结温度对B4C陶瓷材料的力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明:B4C陶瓷材料的相对密度、抗弯强度及断裂韧性都随着烧结温度的升高先增大后减小,维氏硬度则随着烧结温度的增大而增大。采用粒度为1.5μm的B4C粉末,在1950℃热压后,材料的综合性能较好,其相对密度为99.1%、维氏硬度为32.3GPa、抗弯强度为524.6MPa、断裂韧性为6.56MPa·m1/2。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.