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正复合型导电高分子材料成研发热点复合型导电高分子材料由于导电性、稳定性、加工性等方面具有明显优势,成为研究开发热点,是一种发展迅速、应用广泛的导电材料。复合型导电高分子材料主要有:(1)共混复合型导电高分子材料:①聚苯胺复合材料;②聚吡咯复合材料;③聚噻吩复合材料。(2)填充复合型导电高分子材料:①碳系填充型导电高分子材料;②金属填充型导电高分子材料;③金属氧化物填充型导电高分子材料。复合型导电高分子     

导电高分子聚吡咯纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了近几年来导电高分子聚吡咯(PPy)与SiO2、金属氧化物、蒙脱土、无机盐、碳纳米管纳米复合材料方面的研究进展,并介绍了这种材料的结构特征和制备方法,及其纳米复合机理,纳米粒子对PPy的电性能、磁性能及热稳定性等方面的影响。     

体育可穿戴设备MWCNT/CB/PVDF复合材料的性能

碳纳米材料具有优越的力学性能与电学性质,被应用于高分子聚合物内以助于碳纳米高分子导电复合材料制备,尤其是MWCNT/PVDF（多壁碳纳米管/聚偏二氟乙烯）复合材料,利用此材料的力-电压阻效应可研发性能优异的应变传感器,从而制造体育可穿戴设备。但是受限于材料自身属性与制备工艺,相比单一组分碳纳米填料复合材料,混合不同类碳纳米填料于高分子聚合物内所生成的复合材料力-电压阻性能更佳。     

填充型导电高分子基气敏纳米复合材料研究进展

简单介绍了填充型导电高分子基气敏纳米复合材料相对传统气敏材料的优势,综述了近些年来对该复合材料的研究进展,重点从导电逾渗理论和导电逾渗值方面进行综述,并以炭黑填充体系、碳纳米管填充体系以及其它填充体系对该复合材料的研究现状进行了阐述。最后对填充型导电高分子基气敏纳米复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望,指出降低导电逾渗值、构建完善的导电网络、提出更加完善和实用性广的逾渗模型,以及提高复合材料气敏响应灵敏度和恢复能力将是今后的研究重点。     

纳米导电聚合物复合材料的制备及应用

纳米导电聚合物是一种新型功能高分子材料,近年来,其复合材料的研究和应用越来越受到重视。本文综述了纳米导电聚合物复合材料的制备方法及在能源、电磁屏蔽、电致发光等领域应用研究的最新进展,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

聚吡咯/无机粒子纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了聚吡咯（PPy）与无机磁性粒子、金属氧化物、碳系无机物（炭黑、碳纳米管、纳米石墨微片）等无机粒子组成的功能性纳米复合材料的制备方法及其力学、光学、电学、磁学等性能,并介绍了近年来各类纳米PPy/无机粒子功能性复合材料在电磁屏蔽、隐身材料、抗静电材料、导电高分子电容器、二次电池以及传感器等领域的研究现状及发展趋势。     

导电聚吡咯/无机纳米复合材料研究进展

针对发展极为迅速的导电聚吡咯/无机纳米复合材料的研究现状,按无机纳米粒子的微观形态划分,着重从无机纳米粒子、层状纳米材料和碳纳米管等3个方面分类综述了导电聚吡咯/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展,并对其存在的问题及未来的发展进行了展望。     

碳纳米管/白炭黑/炭黑补强溶聚丁苯橡胶纳米复合材料导电性能的研究

研究碳纳米管(CNTs)/白炭黑/炭黑补强溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)纳米复合材料的导电性能。结果表明,当白炭黑用量小于50份时,白炭黑的阻隔效应占主导,CNTs/白炭黑补强SSBR纳米复合材料的导电性能较差;当白炭黑用量达到70份时,白炭黑的体积排除效应占主导,复合材料的导电性能较好。炭黑和CNTs的协同作用可提高CNTs/白炭黑/炭黑补强SSBR纳米复合材料的导电性能。偶联剂Si747改性复合材料的导电性能优于未添加偶联剂Si747的复合材料。     

高分子基导电复合材料研究进展

高分子基导电复合材料凭借其导电性、稳定性、加工性等方面的明显优势,成为导电材料研究的热点。系统地介绍了复合型导电高分子材料的导电机理、制备方法并对导电复合材料的应用进行了总结,并展望了导电高分子复合材料的发展趋势。     

高分子基导电复合材料非线性导电行为及其机理(Ⅱ)量子力学隧道效应理论

简述了高分子基导电复合材料非线性导电行为的概念,详细讨论了高分子基导电复合材料非线性导电行为的机理——量子力学隧道效应理论及其它理论。高分子基导电复合材料的非线性导电行为是几种效应的综合过程:当导电填料的体积分数较小时,导电粒子无法形成导电通道,此时只有量子力学隧道效应在起作用;当导电填料的体积分数较大时,复合材料的导电行为是导电通道和隧道效应共同作用的结果。     

One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications

Intrinsically conducting polymers have been studied extensively due to their intriguing electronic and redox properties and numerous potential applications in many fields since their discovery in 1970s. To improve and extend their functions, the fabrication of multi-functionalized conducting polymer nanocomposites has attracted a great deal of attention because of the emergence of nanotechnology. This article presents an overview of the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) conducting polymer nanocomposites and their properties and applications. Nanocomposites consist of conducting polymers and one or more components, which can be carbon nanotubes, metals, oxide nanomaterials, chalcogenides, insulating or conducting polymers, biological materials, metal phthalocyanines and porphyrins, etc. The properties of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites will be widely discussed. Special attention is paid to the difference in the properties between 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites and bulk conducting polymers. Applications of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites described include electronic nanodevices, chemical and biological sensors, catalysis and electrocatalysis, energy, microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, electrorheological (ER) fluids, and biomedicine. The advantages of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites over the parent conducting polymers are highlighted. Combined with the intrinsic properties and synergistic effect of each component, it is anticipated that 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites will play an important role in various fields of nanotechnology.     

Trends in Conducting Polymer and Hybrids of Conducting Polymer/Carbon Nanotube: A Review

Several conducting polymers, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(m-phenylenediamine), polynaphthylamine, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), and their carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites are discussed in this review. The physical, electrical, structural and thermal properties of polymers along with synthesis methods are discussed. A concise note on carbon nanotubes regarding their purification, functionalization, properties and production are reported. Moreover, the article focuses upon synthesis methods, properties and applications of conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are focused. Nanotube dispersion, loading concentration and alignment within conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite affect their performance and morphology. The conducting polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites are substantially used in sensors, energy storage devices, supercapacitors, solar cells, EMI materials, diodes, and coatings.     

The Electrical Properties and Conducting Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review

This paper reviews the mechanism of the conducting process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Comparison of the two different mechanisms, the formation of the conducting network and the hopping of the electrons, are discussed. The paper also describes the critical factors that determine percolation thresholds or the conductivity of the nanocomposites. By summarizing the predecessors' research, some measures are put forward to improve the structure of the nanocomposites to get the samples that have the most extraordinary electrical conductivity with the lowest CNTs concentrations.     

Electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like nanofillers

We present an in-depth critical review of major experimental, simulation, and theoretical work in the field of conducting polymer nanocomposites containing rod-like particles such as carbon nanotubes and metal nanowires. These are a versatile class of materials that are of interest for a wide range of applications. Commercialization of various classes of conducting polymer nanocomposites is growing, yet achieving their full technological potential will hinge on the ability to engineer composites with controllable and well-defined properties, as well as aggressive exploration of new application areas. Thus, the focus of this review is to clarify key structure–property relationships, and to discuss the major gaps and greatest opportunities in the field.     

A new approach to the preparation of nanocomposites based on a polymer matrix

A new approach to the preparation of nanocomposites is advanced. This approach includes preliminary formation of a nanoporous matrix and subsequent loading of the formed pores by the second component. These advantageous opportunities are provided by one of the most fundamental phenomena of the physical chemistry of polymers: solvent crazing of polymers in the presence of the liquid media. Several examples illustrate that solvent crazing not only provides a universal means of self-induced dispersion of a polymer material into nanoscale aggregates but also offers a universal route for the delivery of diverse low-molecular-mass compounds to the nanoporous structure of the solvent-crazed polymer. The results on the preparation of new types of nanomaterials, such as porous polymeric sorbents, polymeric separation membranes, new types of polymer-polymer nanoblends, fireproof and conducting polymer nanocomposites, and metal-containing polymers, are reviewed. Some aspects of the practical application and technological design of solvent crazing of polymers as a means for the preparation of diverse nanocomposites are discussed.     

Synthesis and intercalation chemistry of hybrid organo-inorganic nanocomposites

The synthesis and structure of organo-inorganic nanocomposites prepared by intercalation of monomers or polymers into the interlayer galleries of layered matrices are analyzed. General features and the mechanism of the intercalation process, as well as materials used for this purpose, mostly often naturally occurring materials (clays, silicates, layered phosphates, chalcogenides, and other moieties hosts), are discussed. Mechanisms governing the intercalation of monomers or polymer repeating units into the interlayer galleries as guests are compared. One of the most widespread and commercially important intracrystalline chemical reactions is the incorporation of monomer molecules into pores or layered lattices of the host substances with subsequent post-intercalation transformations into polymer, oligomer, or hybrid-sandwich products. This strategy is used for the design of organo-inorganic self-assembling nanocomposites as multilayers (P/M)_n, where M and P are nanosized oppositely charged layers of an inorganic component and a polymer. Particular emphasis is placed on nanocomposites based on polyconjugated conducting polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, etc.) and various mineral matrices, as well as on semiconductor polymer-metal chalcogenide inclusion nanocomposites. Basic application areas of hybrid nanomaterials are considered.     

Transparent conducting films based on nanofibrous polymeric membranes and single‐walled carbon nanotubes

Transparent and electrically conducting films were fabricated using a novel and simple method in which single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) adsorbed onto bacterial cellulose membranes were embedded into a transparent polymer resin. The bacterial cellulose membranes consisting of numerous nanofibrils were found to play important roles in this process. The bacterial cellulose membranes impart optical transparency to the nanocomposites due to the size of the materials during the synthesis of the nanocomposite using a transparent polymer resin. The membranes play a secondary role as a template for depositing uniformly dispersed SWCNTs. This results in not only electrically conducting pathways but also prevents interference from the transmittance of optically transparent nanocomposites. Transparent conducting films with a wide range of transmittances and surface resistances could be obtained by controlling the immersion time and SWCNT concentration in the SWCNT dispersions. A transparent conducting film with a transmittance and surface resistance of 77.1% at 550 nm and 2.8 kΩ/sq, respectively, was fabricated from a 0.01 wt %. SWCNT dispersion for an immersion time of 3 h. In addition, the transparent conducting films were quite flexible and maintained their properties even after crumpling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

A facile route to develop electrical conductivity with minimum possible multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) loading in poly(methyl methacrylate)/MWCNT nanocomposites

Today, we stand at the threshold of exploring carbon nanotube (CNT) based conducting polymer nanocomposites as a new paradigm for the next generation multifunctional materials. However, irrespective of the reported methods of composite preparation, the use of CNTs in most polymer matrices to date has been limited by challenges in processing and insufficient dispersability of CNTs without chemical functionalization. Thus, development of an industrially feasible process for preparation of polymer/CNT conducting nanocomposites at very low CNT loading is essential prior to the commercialization of polymer/CNT nanocomposites. Here, we demonstrate a process technology that involves in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer in the presence of multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads, for the preparation of PMMA/MWCNT conducting nanocomposites with significantly lower (0.12 wt% MWCNT) percolation threshold than ever reported with unmodified commercial CNTs of similar qualities. Thus, a conductivity of 4.71 × 10^?5 and 2.04 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 was achieved in the PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites through a homogeneous dispersion of 0.2 and 0.4 wt% CNT, respectively, selectively in the in situ polymerized PMMA region by using 70 wt% PMMA beads during the polymerization. At a constant CNT loading, the conductivity of the composites was increased with increasing weight percentage of PMMA beads, indicating the formation of a more continuous network structure of the CNTs in the PMMA matrix. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the dispersion of MWCNTs selectively in the in situ polymerized PMMA phase of the nanocomposites. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Dispersion of graphite nanosheets in polymer resins via masterbatch technique

The dispersion of graphite nanosheets (GNs) in polymer matrices via the masterbatch technique was investigated. Modifying resin was added to GNs to prepare blend which is designated as the masterbatch. Such masterbatches, containing 70–80 wt % of GN filler, were blended with target polymers via melt extrusion process to prepare polymer/GN nanocomposites. The extruded nanocomposites showed characteristic conducting percolation behaviors with the percolation thresholds mainly dependent on the miscibility of the modifying resin with polymer matrix. The percolation thresholds of AS (Acrylonitrile‐Styrene compolymer)/GN and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/GN nanocomposites prepared by this technique were about 9 and 14 wt % of GN, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and other characterizations showed that the GNs were well dispersed in AS and HDPE resins. The extrusion process and compatibility of the modifying resin with target polymer proved to be important factors for the homogeneity of the nanodispersion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3470–3475, 2007     

Thermally conducting polymer/nanocarbon and polymer/inorganic nanoparticle nanocomposite: a review

ABSTRACT

This review addresses fundamentals and progress in field of thermally conducting polymer/nanocarbon nanocomposite. Upsurge in thermal conductivity of materials may lead to rapid heat diffusion, which in turn may prevent degradation. Thermally conductive nanofillers (carbon nanotube, graphene, nanodiamond, inorganics) have been effectively employed to form desired nanocomposite. In polymer/nanocarbon nanocomposites, thermal conductivity depends on nanofiller type, dispersion, loading level, polymer nature, morphology, and crystallinity. Thermal conductivity parameter has been significantly considered in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and energy-related industries, where thermal dissipation has become a challenging problem. In future, it is desired to design high performance nanocomposites with manageable thermal conduction.