变速直驱开关磁阻风力发电系统的控制与实现

对开关磁阻发电机的运行原理和风轮机的功率输出特性进行了分析,提出了一种不依赖风轮机运行参数即可实现最大风能跟踪的控制方法。使用MATLAB/SIMULINK构建了系统模型,进行了仿真,并在试验室中进行了验证。设计了一套10kW开关磁阻风力发电系统并应用到现场,实现了变速直驱发电,给出了部分现场数据,证明直驱式开关磁阻风力发电是可行的。     

开关磁阻风力发电机-齿轮传动系统集成设计与分析

为实现开关磁阻型风电机组轻量化的设计目标、提高设计效率，提出一种开关磁阻风力发电机-齿轮传动系统参数集成设计方法。该方法以开关磁阻风力发电机和齿轮传动系统结构参数为设计变量，以系统质量最小为优化目标。基于有限元法计算开关磁阻发电机磁链与转矩特性矩阵。在此基础上，建立开关磁阻发电机非线性动态仿真模型以计算开关磁阻发电机动态转矩，并应用模拟退火算法优化开关角，获得最大发电机转矩，最后采用下山单纯形优化方法迭代发电机-齿轮系统质量，获得满足设计要求前提下系统质量收敛时的设计变量值。该优化过程优化套优化，可最大程度降低系统质量。上述设计流程通过脚本实现自动化运行以提高设计效率，可实现开关磁阻发电机-齿轮系统轻量化参数集成设计。基于该方法，针对8 MW风电机组进行参数设计，并与现有的相同发电容量永磁型风电机组的质量和发电机转矩性能对比。结果表面：通过该方法设计开关磁阻风力发电机-齿轮传动系统可保证发电机具有良好的转矩性能，同时可有效降低系统质量，且可极大地提升设计效率。     

一种改进的四相开关磁阻电机直接转矩控制

开关磁阻电机转矩脉动大的问题限制了其应用,将交流电机的直接转矩控制方法应用于开关磁阻电机中。分析了直接转矩控制原理及电压矢量建立原则,利用MATLAB构建了变磁链的开关磁阻电机直接转矩调速系统模型,有效抑制了转矩脉动,并针对电机启动过程中定子电流脉冲大的问题,提出了将电流斩波与直接转矩控制方式相结合的方法,通过合理选择控制参数,使转矩脉动幅度在10%以内,同时将电流脉冲减小到原来的1/3,提高了电机的动态及稳态性能。     

开关磁阻电机调速技术及节能分析

文中对开关磁阻电机调速技术原理和技术特点等进行了详细阐述,结合实际运行和测试数据对比计算,通过对一台化工离心水泵在三相异步电动机和开关磁阻调速电机驱动两种模式下水泵流量和耗电等运行测试数据进行对比和分析,从而评估分析开关磁组电机调速在不同负载工况下的节能效果。     

Charge and discharge control of a switched reluctance motor based flywheel

根据开关磁阻电机的特性建立了储能飞轮的数学模型,采用Matlab/Simulink仿真分析了系统最大允许电流和电机开断角对系统控制性能的影响。设计了系统充放电控制方式,仿真结果表明,采用电流斩波与角度位置相结合的速度电流双闭环控制方式进行充电控制,采用电流斩波控制的电压电流双闭环控制方式进行放电控制,系统充放电过程具有响应速度快、稳态精度高的特点。最后通过仿真验证了开关磁阻式储能飞轮用作不间断电源的可行性。     

基于模糊控制的新型永磁开关磁阻电机控制系统研究与设计

提出了一种新型永磁式开关磁阻电机。通过对传统电机结构上进行了改进,在定子上加入永磁材料,使得电机成为混合励磁电机,分析了其结构及原理等,并探讨了其调速方式,把模糊控制运用于调速系统,设计了其调速系统的软硬件,最后对其样机进行了试验,对开关磁阻电机的改进具有一定指导意义。     

基于机械阻抗法的开关磁阻电机振动模型研究

开关磁阻电机的振动和噪声问题一直是限制其应用和推广的瓶颈,而定、转子之间的径向电磁力导致定子的形变是产生电磁噪声和振动的根本原因,因此通过有限元仿真分析得出电机在不同电流、不同转子位置时的非线性电感曲线族、瞬时转矩和电磁力,在此基础上基于机械阻抗法建立了Matlab/Simulink电机模型,计算电机运行时所产生的振动加速度,总结了一些减小电机振动和噪声的设计原则,并通过试验样机验证了所提建模仿真方法的有效性,可为开关磁阻电机的减振和降噪研究提供理论指导。     

带有柔性混合驱动环节的变速恒频风能转换系统功率流分析

通过对变速恒频风能转换系统功率流的理论分析,引出了一种带有柔性传动环节的混合驱动变速恒频系统.推导出了可控电机与主发电机之间的功率比.分别分析了风轮运行于基准转速以下与基准转速以上时可控电机的功率流向.确定了在不计功率损耗情况下的各转轴的功率关系.通过具体参数的计算,给出了3个转轴之间的功率随转速变化的曲线.结果表明,在低于额定风速时,通过控制可控电机可以实现风能转换系统的最大功率追踪.     

基于模糊自适应的开关磁阻电机变磁链研究

传统直接转矩控制使开关磁阻电机定子电流幅值很大,增加了电机铜耗。通过分析不同磁链对系统性能的影响及磁链与转矩之间的关系,提出了一种变磁链的直接转矩控制改进方法。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建四相开关磁阻电机模糊自适应控制的直接转矩系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明该系统响应速度快,能有效减小定子电流幅值,抑制转矩脉动。针对电机起动过程中电流脉冲大的问题,在改进方法中加入电流控制模块,可明显降低起动时电流的幅值,提高电机的性能。     

双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制

在分析风力机功率特性和DFIG运行特性的基础上,通过对双馈机转速控制进行最大风能追踪具体过程的深入研究,提出一种基于最大风能追踪的双馈电机有功、无功功率的解耦控制方法。建立了基于发电机定子磁链定向矢量控制的双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪系统模型,并利用PSCAD／EMTDC对其进行仿真,结果验证了控制策略的正确性。     

双馈风力发电系统的最大风能控制策略

在分析变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能捕获策略的基础上,提出了一种通过直接控制双馈发电机转子电流就可实现系统低于额定风速下的最大风能捕获又可使得电机铜耗最小化运行的控制策略.首先,在考虑风力机特性和双馈发电机基本电磁关系的基础上,分别推导了双馈发电机定子铜耗最小化运行和最大风能捕获的数学模型.其次,根据双馈发电机最优转子电流的数学模型,建立了双馈风力发电机系统最大风能捕获的控制策略.最后,利用Matlab/Simulink对不同风速下双馈发电机系统的运行性能进行了分析和比较,结果验证了该控制策略的正确性和可行性.     

开关磁阻发电机用于直接驱动、变速运行风力发电系统的评估

介绍了开关磁阻发电机(SRG)基本工作原理、控制规律以及逆变电路拓扑结构，并根据公开文献所提供的样机从力矩密度，效率曲线等性能指标，对开关磁组发电机用于直接驱动、变速运行的风力发电系统进行了评估。结果表明：SRG发电原理新颖、控制灵活、效率高(且高效区宽)、力矩密度高，因而在直接驱动、变速运行的风力电系统中，很有应用前景，值得对其进行进一步的探讨。     

Control of a switched reluctance generator for variable-speed wind energy applications

This paper presents a novel control system for the operation of a switched reluctance generator (SRG) driven by a variable speed wind turbine. The SRG is controlled to drive a wind energy conversion system (WECS) to the point of maximum aerodynamic efficiency using closed loop control of the power output. In the medium and low speed range, the SRG phase current is regulated using pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) control of the magnetizing voltage. For high speeds the generator is controlled using a single pulse mode. In order to interface the SRG to the grid (or ac load) a voltage-source PWM inverter is used. A 2.5-kW experimental prototype has been constructed. Wind turbine characteristics are emulated using a cage induction machine drive. The performance of the system has been tested over the whole speed range using wind profiles and power impacts. Experimental results are presented confirming the system performance.     

A method for mapping the turbulence intensity and excess energy available to building mounted wind turbines over a UK City

Assessing the potential of proposed urban wind installations is hindered by insufficient assessments of both urban wind resource, and the effectiveness of commercial gust control solutions within built up areas. Evaluating the potential performance of wind turbines within the urban environment requires an estimation of the total energy that would be available to them were effective control systems to be used. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the excess energy content (EEC) present in the gusty urban wind, which is usually under represented when using assessments based only on mean wind speeds. The method is developed using high temporal resolution wind measurements from eight potential turbine sites within the urban and suburban environment. By assessing the relationship between turbulence intensities and the EEC, an analytical methodology for predicting the total wind energy available at a potential turbine site is proposed. Sensitivity analysis with respect to temporal data resolution on the predicted EEC is also demonstrated. The methodology is then integrated with an analytical methodology that was initially developed to predict mean wind speeds at different heights within a UK city based on detailed mapping of its aerodynamic characteristics. Additional estimates of turbulence intensities and EEC based on the current methodology allow a more complete assessment of the wind resource available. The methodology is applied to the UK city of Leeds as a case study and the potential to map turbulence intensities and the total kinetic energy available at different heights within a typical urban city is demonstrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system

Wind energy conversion system, aiming to convert mechanical energy of air flow into electrical energy has been widely concerned in recent decades. According to the installation sites, the wind energy conversion system can be divided into land-based wind conversion system and offshore wind energy conversion (OWEC) system. Compared to land-based wind energy technology, although OWEC started later, it has attracted more attentions due to its significant advantages in sufficient wind energy, low wind shear, high power output and low land occupancy rate. In this paper, the principle of wind energy conversion and the development status of offshore wind power in the world are briefly introduced at first. And then, the advantages and disadvantages of several offshore wind energy device (OWED), such as horizontal axis OWED, vertical axis OWED and cross axis OWED are compared. Subsequently, several major constraints, such as complex marine environment, deep-sea power transmission and expensive cost of equipment installation faced by offshore wind conversion technology are presented and comprehensively analysed. Finally, based on the summary and analysis of some emerging technologies and the current situation of offshore wind energy utilization, the development trend of offshore wind power is envisioned. In the future, it is expected to witness multi-energy complementary, key component optimization and intelligent control strategy for smooth energy generation of offshore wind power systems.     

An analysis for the need of a battery energy storage system in tracking wind power schedule output

电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)在风储联合应用中具有多种功能,利用电池储能系统提高风电并网调度运行能力是当前研究的热点之一.文章基于我国北方某风电场历史运行数据与预测数据,依据预测误差评价指标和风电场预报考核指标的综合评价方法对风电场预测数据进行分析研究,归纳了预测误差的概率分布特征;提出利用电池储能系统提高风电跟踪计划出力能力,统计并量化出电池储能系统用于跟踪计划出力场合的作用范围;通过仿真验证电池储能系统在风储联合系统中提高风电跟踪计划出力控制策略的有效性和可行性.     

新疆达坂城风电场风能资源特性分析

对新疆达坂城风电场的风能资源特性进行了详细的研究。基于在达坂城风电场实测的10m和24m高程的10min平均风速数据,分析了原始风速的分布特性。根据地表风速沿高度呈风剪指数分布的特性,计算了在各个轮毂高度上的风速分布。采用最小误差逼近算法原理,计算了风速韦布尔分布的参数以及平均风速和分布方差。通过对韦布尔分布的分析,计算了各个高度上风电场的平均风功率密度、有效平均风功率密度和可利用小时数等风能资源特性参数,为当地的风能开发提供分析基础。     

变桨距提高升力型垂直轴风力机性能研究综述

风能是世界存量大、绿色无污染的可再生能源之一。由于风力机旋转工况复杂,翼型的相对攻角变化剧烈,导致翼型容易失速,风机的风能利用率低。变桨距主动控制技术是目前最常用的提高升力型垂直轴风力机性能的方法。针对近年来变桨距技术的最新研究进展情况进行了综述。通过全面的文献检索和阅读,总结和阐述了不同变桨距控制策略的设计与实现方法,并分析了不同变桨距技术的优缺点。     

双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制的研究

在分析了风力机功率特性和DFIG运行特性的基础上,通过对双馈机转速控制进行最大风能追踪具体过程的深入研究,提出了一种基于最大风能追踪的双馈电机有功、无功功率的解耦控制方法。建立了基于发电机定子磁链定向矢量控制的双馈风力发电系统最大风能追踪系统模型,并利用PSCAD/EMTDC对其进行仿真,结果验证了控制策略的正确性。     

An Assessment of Wind Turbine Characteristics and Wind Energy Characteristics for Electricity Production

This work is an analysis of wind turbine characteristics and wind energy characteristics of four regions around Elazig, Turkey, namely Maden, Agin Elazig and Keban. Wind speed data and wind direction in measured hourly time-series format is statistically analyzed based on 6 years between 1998 and 2003. The probability density distributions are derived from time-series data and distributional parameters are identified. Two probability density functions are fitted to the measured probability distributions. The wind energy characteristic of all the regions is studied based on the Weibull and the Rayleigh distributions. Using the Weibull probability density function, we estimated the wind energy output and the capacity factor for six different wind turbines between 300 and 2300 kW during the six years. It was found that Maden is the best region, among the regions analyzed, for wind energy characteristic and wind turbine characteristic.