光谱增感染料聚集态水溶液制备及应用

光谱增感染料DYE 1分散新工艺成功的去除有机溶剂甲醇的使用 ,使增感染料DYE 1以聚集态形式稳定的分散在水溶液当中 ;溶液稳定性与增感后乳剂的照相性能均达到有机溶剂制备水平 ,同时还可以降低生产成本 ,消除有机溶剂对工人健康的危害和对环境的污染。     

阻光染料对氯化银乳剂光谱增感的影响

增感染料在卤化银微晶上吸附并形成J－聚集体是染料光谱增感和超增感的关键步骤。本文利用紫外－可见吸收光谱研究了增感染料和阻光染料在氯化银微晶上的吸附，并考察了阻光染料对增感染料J－聚集体的形成及乳剂感光性能的影响。结果表明：不同阻光染料在氯化银微晶表面的吸附程度不同，对增感染料J－聚集体形成的影响也有差异。其中，吸附较小的不影响增感染料J－聚集体的形成，而吸附较大的阻碍增感染料J－聚集形成，特别是阻光染料在增感染料之前加入乳剂中时。在氯化银微晶上吸附很小的阻光染料基本不影响增感染料对乳剂的光谱增感，而吸附较强的阻光染料不仅吸收入射光，还抑制或破坏增感染料的光谱增感。因此，在氯化银微晶表面没有吸附的阻光材料才是优良的阻光染料。     

光谱增感染料水分散技术在彩色负片中的应用

一种新的光谱增感染料溶液的制备方法 ,其工艺简便 ,成本低廉 ,且环保、无污染 ,有助于改善照相乳剂的保存性 ,在彩色负片中进行了应用研究     

光谱增感染料在卤化银感光乳剂中的应用

单纯的卤化银只能对可见光中的蓝光和紫光敏感,由单纯的卤化银乳剂制成的感光材料,用来拍摄自然界的景物,不能正确反映景物的本来面目,当加入增感染料后,能使卤化银乳剂的感光范围从蓝紫光区扩大到绿光区、红光区、甚至红外光区。综述了关于感红光谱增感染料、感红外光谱增感染料、感绿光谱增感染料和短波长光谱增感染料应用研究。     

染料增感AgBr乳剂的光电子衰减动力学研究

本工作利用微波吸收薄膜介电谱测量技术，测量了菁染料光谱增感后的AgBr晶体乳剂在脉冲激光曝光后产生的光电子衰减时间特性，分析了不同类型的染料及其增感条件对材料光电子时间特性的影响关系．通过比较增感后的T-颗粒乳剂和立方体乳剂的光电子衰减特性，实验验证了吸附在T-颗粒(111)晶面上的染料比吸附在立方体(100)晶面上的染料更有效、更有助于形成潜影的论据．     

钙离子对卤化银乳剂化学增感和光谱增感的影响

本文通过控制乳剂中一系列不同的钙离子浓度(4.0～80×10~(-3)mol Ca~(2+)/mol AgX),研究了化学增感时间对钙离子浓度的依赖性,测定了相应的感光特性,结果表明,乳剂中的钙离子在不影响最佳感光度的前提下,可有效地抑制灰雾并延缓化学增感过程,延长化学成熟时间。 经感红染料光谱增感后,测定了染料的相对增感倍率,本征及感红光谱感光度,研究了它们对轧剂中钙离子浓度的依赖关系。以卤化银乳剂对染料的吸附,对光的吸收以及Dember效应的实验结果为佐证,说明钙离子在光谱增感的电子转移过程中,起着电子陷阱的作用,从而抑制感红感光度的增感;与此同时,钙离子又抑制染料对本征感光度的减感,这可能是由于钙离子的存在阻碍了染料正空穴对卤化银本征潜影的氧化,从而保护了部分潜影免受染料正空穴的袭击。     

草酸盐掺杂八面体溴化银颗粒乳剂的增感效应研究

使用反馈式微机控制双注乳化仪,在晶体生长过程中一定时间内,加入一定量的草酸盐,制得了草酸根离子处于晶体颗粒次表面的八面体溴化银微晶乳剂。考察其实验过程和测试其感光性能,结果表明:(1)草酸根掺杂于次表面的八面体溴化银乳剂与未掺杂乳剂相比较,无论是原始乳剂,还是经过化学增感,或用染料进行光谱增感后的乳剂,感光度均有明显提高(Sd/S0≥1.8),且其灰雾水平都不高,即具有明显的增感效应;(2)草酸根掺杂的乳剂可以与常规的硫加金化学增感,以及染料光谱增感一同进行协同增感,把乳剂的感光度提高到更高的水平。(3)草酸根掺杂的八面体溴化银乳剂的感光度增益,明显高于草酸根掺杂立方体溴化银乳剂。     

氧化石墨烯对卤化银微晶乳剂的超增感效应

使用反馈式微机控制双注乳化仪,制得了溴碘化银微晶乳剂。在特定条件下,将一定量的氧化石墨烯分别在乳剂乳化后、化学增感过程和光谱增感过程中加入,获得3个系列经过掺杂增感后的乳剂。对其进行感光性能测试,结果表明:(1)氧化石墨烯在化学增感过程中具有有效的防灰雾效应,可作为防灰雾剂;(2)氧化石墨烯在化学增感过程中,在达到平衡后,具有一定的增感效应;(3)氧化石墨烯在光谱增感过程中,随着染料吸附时间增加,对乳剂的增感作用愈明显,具有增感效应和防灰雾功能。     

照相光谱增感染料及其组合在溴化银表面的吸附及吸附热测量

本文研究了三个光谱增感染料及其组合在一些溶液中的吸收光谱和吸附态染料的反射光谱,得到25℃在几种溶剂的溴化银分散系中的吸附等温线,并采用精密量热技术测量了微小吸附热效应,得到25±0.01℃染料Ⅰ在溴化银水悬浮液中被吸附的等位摩尔吸附焓△H_(298)o —(335±2.5)kJ/mol(表面覆盖度θ=0.94)。结合对染料组合的光吸收、吸附以及吸附热等的测试结果,对照相乳剂生产中采用的先加入感绿染料Ⅱ、Ⅲ,后加入感红染料Ⅰ的步序,从吸附角度作了初步的理论探讨。研究结果也表明,精密量热技术与光吸收测量等手段相结合,将有助于在乳剂制备过程中分析研究染料的增感效果。     

阴离子碳菁染料的合成与聚集动力学研究

自从１９３８年，Ｓｃｈｅｉｂｅ［１］发现了菁染料聚集体中的能量传递现象，人们对菁染料的聚集行为展开了大量的研究［２，３］．由于菁染料聚集体对乳剂具有特殊的增感作用，人们主要研究聚集体在乳剂中的增感机理［４，５］以及菁染料聚集的溶剂效应与浓度效应［６］...     

Measurement of Internal Stress in Glass Articles

We have developed a method for measurement of internal stress in glass articles. The method uses Rayleigh-scattered light from a properly polarized laser beam propagating through glass at an oblique angle. This light is imaged with an electronic focal plane array camera. The method is similar to earlier published methods except for the inclusion of an externally controlled phase retarder. The phase retarder allows for the success of the method. The method is suitable for use on flat or curved glass and is applicable over a broad range of residual stresses. Experimental results are provided showing the in-plane stress throughout the thickness of a television glass sample.     

Hydrogen production by catalytic decalin dehydrogenation over carbon-supported platinum catalyst: Effect of catalyst preparation method

Preparation method strongly affected the platinum dispersion of carbon-supported platinum catalysts, and accordingly, their catalytic activity in the decalin dehydrogenation. The catalyst prepared by an advanced method (ion-exchange method or polyol method) exhibited a better catalytic performance than that prepared by a conventional method (impregnation method or precipitation method) in terms of initial hydrogen evolution rate and total amount of hydrogen evolution. Platinum dispersion played a key role in determining the catalytic activity in this reaction, and thus, the high platinum dispersion of the catalysts prepared by an ion-exchange method and a polyol method resulted in their high catalytic activity.     

A Quantitative Analysis of the Ensemble of Bubbles in a Silicate Melt Layer Using an Image Analyzer

A method is proposed for an automatic determination of the quantitative parameters of an ensemble of gas bubbles in a viscous melt. This method is implemented in an image analysis software–hardware complex. For implementation of this method, a special algorithm for recognizing gas bubbles in images of the viscous melt is developed. The quantitative characteristics of gas bubbles in the viscous melt are determined, and the reliability of the obtained data is evaluated using the proposed method.     

亚甲基蓝褪色光度法测定抗坏血酸

本文提出用亚甲基蓝作氧化剂褪色光度法测定L－抗坏血酸的新方法，亚甲基蓝与抗坏血酸混合后，固定时间间隔在614nm测得吸光度A值的变化，ΔA与抗环血酸含量成线性关系，线性范围为0＝0．688mg/25mL。本法在适宜的测定条件下干扰少，且有较高灵敏度，操作简便，是测定食品中L－抗坏血酸的一种较好的方法。     

On a new method for sparse matrix updating in unconstrained minimization

A new method is proposed for generating a sequence of sparse approximation to the second-derivative matrix. The method uses the Powell-Symmetric-Broyden (PSB) formula in an implicit fashion to generate such a sequence of matrices. It is closely related to a method recently suggested by Toint.The main result of the new method is that we do not have to solve an associated linear system of equations at each step. Preliminary numerical test are very encouraging.     

The development of a new continuous dyeing method based on an aerosol delivery system

A continuous method of dyeing polyester yarn has been developed in which yarn is forced into a moving plug within apparatus based on the Fibre-M texturing system. Dye is then applied in droplet form to the yarn plug. The method relies on the dispersion of low-molecular-weight disperse dyes in a solvent medium to provide a uniform application to the core of the plug. The demands of the textile industry require an extension of the method to a wider range of dye types in a water-based medium. This paper describes a feasibility study of an aerosol method of dye application to a yarn plug.     

The reaction engineering of electrochemical cells—I. Axial packed bed electrodes

It is shown that the graphical method of solving the coupled equations for an endothermic reaction in a plug-flow, non-isothermal reactor can be extended to electrochemical reactions in three-dimensional electrodes. The method of solution is described and as a first example, it has been applied to a simple reversible reaction in an axial packed bed electrode. The sensitivity to various parameters has been examined. The method is ideally suited to computer-aided design procedures.     

Integrated planning and scheduling under production uncertainties: Bi-level model formulation and hybrid solution method

We propose a novel method for integrating planning and scheduling problems under production uncertainties. The integrated problem is formulated into a bi-level program. The planning problem is solved in the upper level, while the scheduling problems in the planning periods are solved under uncertainties in the lower level. The planning and scheduling problems are linked via service level constraints. To solve the integrated problem, a hybrid method is developed, which iterates between a mixed-integer linear programming solver for the planning problem and an agent-based reactive scheduling method. If the service level constraints are not met, a cutting plane constraint is generated by the agent-based scheduling method and appended to the planning problem which is solved to determine new production quantities. The hybrid method returns an optimality gap for validating the solution quality. The proposed method is demonstrated by two complicated problems which are solved efficiently with small gaps less than 1%.     

废水除氟技术研究现状

工业进程的加快导致含氟废水逐年增加，对生物和环境造成极大危害，含氟废水的高效环保处理方法成为世界各国研究的热点。阐述了含氟废水的多种处理方法，包括：沉淀法、电化学法、吸附法、离子交换树脂法及微生物除氟法等。综述了中国最新的废水除氟专利技术方法，包括：流化床结晶法、以碳酸钙和氢氧化钙混合物为沉淀剂的沉淀法、以精馏釜-填料精馏塔-冷凝器-贮液器等设备组成的精馏系统的精馏法、以表面包覆有含氯-铝离子结构的氨基膦酸化合物的螯合树脂吸附法、以阴离子交换树脂与金属锂铝形成的杂化材料的离子交换法、电凝聚-吸附法、强化镁沉淀法等。指出在实际的含氟废水处理过程中，需针对不同性质的废水采取适当的方法。     

An inexact interior point method for optimization of differential algebraic systems

This paper presents an inexact factorization technique in the context of an interior point method for optimal control of systems described by Differential Algebraic Equations (DAEs). The proposed method is based on a numerically banded structure arising in the normal equations. The structure implies that banded factorization techniques can be used to calculate inexact Newton directions at a low computational cost. Numerical experiments show that a narrow band in the normal equations can be selected without impeding the convergence of the method.