Complex Step-Shape Binary Offset Carrier Modulation for a Unitary Analytical Framework of GNSS Signals

The Binary Offset Carrier and Binary Coded Symbol modulation family is widely used in the existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). There are several modulation types in this family and new types are still being developed. However, the analysis of these modulations is still scarce of uniform theoretical frame. This paper presents a novel Complex Step-shape Binary Offset Carrier (CSBOC) modulation to build a unitary analytical framework for all these modulation types. This framework contains a unified signals expression based on the extended concept of step-shape symbols bits vector. It can denote sine and cosine phase, odd and even order, time division multiplex and complex modulations. Moreover, the unified formulas of important signal characteristics which include the power spectral density, the auto-correlation function, and the cross-correlation function are derived. The proposed formulas are verified through comparing with the results came from existing theories and signal simulations. The applications of the CSBOC in analyzing side-peaks cancellation methods of GNSS signals are also provided to show that this framework is a useful tool to analyze and design locally generated signals of side-peaks cancellation methods.     

两阶段平移、旋转图像高精度配准算法

图像配准在图像处理中是十分重要的,通常是许多现代图像处理和计算机视觉任务一个关键的预处理步骤,许多算法和技术已经被提出用来解决配准问题.本文提出一种稳健的两阶段层次配准算法,在频域组合相位相关和谱对消技术对平移和旋转图像获得亚像素精度的配准.算法第一阶段首先利用一维FFT技术实现图像的旋转以确定旋转角度,并利用这个旋转角度将两幅图像之间的运动简化为平移运动,然后利用相位相关法确定整数像素平移参数.算法第二阶段运用谱对消技术确定亚像素平移参数.提出的算法甚至在图像因为下采样而包含混淆误差情况下仍然能够获得亚像素精度配准.     

基于波前编码的红外无热化光学系统相位掩模板热效应特性分析

分析了基于波前编码技术的无热化光学系统中相位掩模板的自身热效应,得到了不同温度下光瞳处相位板相位函数的变化.分析了由相位板热效应引起的波前编码系统成像特性的变化.通过数值及图像仿真证明了相位板热效应对波前编码无热化光学系统性能产生的影响.结果表明,相位板热效应对系统MTF(调制传递函数)的离焦不变特性和编码图像的可复原性产生严重的影响.     

An interactive visualization system for three-dimensional medical images based on the density reprojection method

This paper describes an interactive visualization system for three-dimensional (3D) medical images based on the density reprojection method. The density reprojection method is employed as a visualization tool in this system. Different from conventional visual techniques, the density reprojection method presents a 3D density structure of a medical image by integrating density values inside it along any given direction. Based on this visual method, a 3D object containing the region of interest (ROI) can be displayed even if the ROI cannot be extracted from the original images explicitly. By using the interactive segmentation functions in our system, the ROI can be obtained effectively and easily. Results of experiments on the system, showing that this system is very useful for aiding medical doctor's diagnoses, are presented.     

Fiber optic microwave links using balanced laser harmonicgeneration, and balanced/image cancellation laser mixing

Three fiber-optic link configurations for use in microwave transmission are proposed. Two laser diodes are used to generate balanced harmonics, and the optical power from each diode is combined and detected by photodiodes. The fundamental and odd harmonics are suppressed and even harmonics added. The balanced and image cancellation laser mixing, which utilizes a combination of microwave components and optical devices, can suppress the local and image frequencies, respectively. These configurations are experimentally investigated at microwave frequencies, and frequency suppression is successfully demonstrated     

一种抑制相位噪声的多通道变时延下变频全双工收发方法

相位噪声会限制全双工(FD)收发机的自干扰抑制能力,恶化有用信号解调性能,即使全双工收发机采用发射机、接收机共用本振的结构,也无法消除相位噪声的限制作用。为了降低多径自干扰(SI)分量中相位噪声的影响,该文提出一种多通道变时延下变频全双工收发方法,具体包括可以补偿相位噪声的全双工收发机设计和能够抑制残余相位噪声的自干扰抑制算法。多通道变时延下变频全双工收发机采用多条通道接收同一天线的信号,各接收本振信号为经过不同延时调整的发射本振信号,可以在下变频时补偿多径自干扰中的相位噪声。自干扰抑制算法利用不同接收信号估计相位噪声参数,进一步降低残余相位噪声的影响。此外,该文推导了这种全双工收发方法的自干扰抑制能力,并给出了其随发射功率、接收通道数量的变化关系。分析与仿真结果表明,当接收通道数量高于自干扰信道强径数量时,多通道变时延下变频全双工接收方法不受相位噪声影响。     

Application of Zero Correlation Zone Sequences in Quasi-synchronous CDMA Systems

In a quasi-synchronous code division multiple access （QS-CDMA） system, the correlation functions around the origin influence the system performance and odd functions are as important as the even functions. Three kinds of zero correlation zone（ZCZ） sequences are used to analyze and compare the correlation functions. Binary phase shift keying（BPSK） simulations of QS-CDMA system with the three kinds of QS sequences as spreading codes on additive white Gaussian noise（AWGN） channel show that these sequences are quasi-orthogonal, so they are suitable for QS-CDMA system. The correlation between the system performance and the zero correlation zone of the sequence is also proved.     

Optimal phases for a family of quadriphase CDMA sequences

Signature sequences with good even even and odd (or polyphase) correlations are crucial for asynchronous code-division multiple access (CDMA). When the data sequence is random, the even and odd (or polyphase) correlations are equally important. However, for most known signature sequences, only their even correlations were analyzed. It appears that determining the odd (or the polyphase) correlations is generally a very hard problem since the odd (or the polyphase) correlations depend on the phases of the signature sequences. Sole (1989), Boztas, Hammons, and Kumar (1992) found a family of quadriphase sequences that are asymptotically optimal. These sequences gain a factor √2 in terms of their maximum periodic even correlations when compared with the best possible binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) sequences. We find the optimal phases of these sequences. The optimality is in the sense that at these phases, the mean square values of the even, odd, and the polyphase correlations are minimal, and achieve the Welch (1974) bound-equality simultaneously. Furthermore, we show that at these phases, the average user interference of these sequences is always smaller than that of the ideal random signature sequences. Comprehensive analytical and numerical results show that good phase sequences can offer a nonnegligible amount of gain over bad phase sequences at modest and high signal-to-noise ratios     

Interference Cancellation System for Satellite Communication Earth Station

A new interference cancellation system was devised to suppress the mutual interference between satellite and terrestrial communication systems and to expand the number of potential earth station locations for effective frequency reuse. This system basically adopts the sidelobe canceller concept and has main and auxiliary antennas. The originality of this system lies in that the auxiliary channel signal to be combined with the main channel signal is modulated by a low frequency signal, and the amplitude and phase controlling voltages are obtained by means of envelope detection, to get the envelope of the residue, and then by phase detection, using the envelope signal and the low frequency signal. As a result of experiments, more than 40 dB cancellation was achieved over a 50 MHz range for CW, FM(TP, TV) and PSK signals, even if the desired and interference signals are in the cochannel. In the field test on a 45 km path, sufficient cancellation performance and response were obtained even during fading periods.     

Ordering of Walsh Functions

The construction of Walsh functions is derived by means of the concepts of "symmetric copy" and "shift copy." Recursive relations based on the Kronecker product of matrices are also deduced from these concepts. There is a fourth useful ordering of the Walsh functions, called here X-ordering, in addition to the three known orderings usually referred to as Walsh-, Paley-, and Hadamardordering. An X-ordering function has the following features: lower order numbers of X-ordering correspond to even functions; higher order numbers of X-ordering correspond to odd functions; even order numbers of X-ordering correspond to lower sequencies; odd number of X-ordering correspond to higher sequencies. Finally, relations between the four orderings are given.     

The Microstrip Double-Ring Resonator (Short Papers)

The resonance frequencies and the fields of a microstrip double-ring resonator are discussed. It is shown that no pure even or odd mode can be excited on the resonator. Therefore it is concluded that the rnicrostrip double-ring resonator principally cannot be used to measure the phase velocities of the even and the odd modes on a coupled microstrip line.     

改进的算术傅立叶变换（AFT）算法

算术傅立叶变换（AFT）是一种非常重要的傅立叶分析技术。AFT的乘法量少（仅为O（N））,算法结构简单,非常适合VLSI设计,具有广泛的应用。但AFT的加法量很大,为O（N∧2）,因此减少AFT的加法运算是很重要的工作。本文通过分析AFT的采样特点,给出了奇函数和偶函数的AFT的改进算法。然后在此基础上给出了一般函数的AFT的改进算法。改进算法比原算法的加法运算量降低了一半,因此计算速度快了一倍。本文改进的偶函数和奇函数的AFT算法还分别可以用来计算离散余弦变换（DCT）和离散正弦变换（DST）。     

MOMS: maximal-order interpolation of minimal support

We consider the problem of interpolating a signal using a linear combination of shifted versions of a compactly-supported basis function phi(z). We first give the expression for the cases of phi that have minimal support for a given accuracy (also known as "approximation order"). This class of functions, which we call maximal-order-minimal-support functions (MOMS) is made of linear combinations of the B-spline of the same order and of its derivatives. We provide an explicit form of the MOMS that maximizes the approximation accuracy when the step-size is small enough. We compute the sampling gain obtained by using these optimal basis functions over the splines of the same order. We show that it is already substantial for small orders and that it further increases with the approximation order L. When L is large, this sampling gain becomes linear; more specifically, its exact asymptotic expression is 2/(pie)L. Since the optimal functions are continuous, but not differentiable, for even orders, and even only piecewise continuous for odd orders, our result implies that regularity has little to do with approximating performance. These theoretical findings are corroborated by experimental evidence that involves compounded rotations of images.     

Harmonic Composition of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Emissions Associated with High-Voltage Transmission

Electric-field-strength measures of the spectrum between 10 and 200 kHz were obtained under dry conditions near a 500-kV transmission line. Comparison of the magnitudes of electric field strength between the odd and even harmonics of 60 Hz revealed a marked asymmetry. The ratio of odd to even harmonic field strength ranged from 19 to 3.3. A primary source of these emissions may be produced by components within the power systems with nonlinearities that are best described by odd functions.     

Phase normalised m-sequences with the inphase decimation property {m(k)}={m(2k)}

The inphase decimation property of a binary sequence {f(k)} is defined such that f(k)=f(2k) for all k=0, 1, 2,? Given a primitive generator polynomial G(D) of degree r with its even and odd parts Ge(D) and Go(D), it is shown that there is a unique version of the corresponding m-sequence with this inphase decimation property, resulting as Ge(D)/G(D) if r is odd and Go(D)/G(D) if r is even. An m-sequence in such a phase position is termed the phase normalised version.     

玻璃瓶字符识别中运动图像的获取技术

针对啤酒瓶在线识别系统中采集运动图像的需求,提出了一种合理且实用的实时获取运动图像的解决方案,包括:摄像头、镜头和图像卡的选取、摄像机的位置标定、镜头焦距、摄相机快门速度以及光源的配置等几个方面,详细论述了奇偶场校正技术在恢复最终运动模糊图像采集中的应用及实现,并成功地应用到啤酒瓶在线识别系统中。     

Design of pseudonoise sequences with good odd and even correlationproperties for DS/CDMA

Proposes and investigates a method for designing pseudonoise (PN) sequences having both good odd and even correlation properties, which are important for acquisition and demodulation in spread spectrum (SS) communications. Odd correlation properties of PN sequences should be designed as well as their even or periodic correlation properties so that the cochannel interference can be reduced as small as possible. Polyphase PN sequences with such good correlation properties can be derived from biphase PN sequences with a good aperiodic correlation property under a certain condition. Absolute values of odd and even correlation functions of these sequences are equal at each shift. The authors evaluated their peak correlations properties and bit error rate performance. Numerical evaluations show that the derived polyphase sequences have lower peaks of correlations and lower bit error rate than their original sequences. Furthermore, the authors defined the generalized odd correlation function for polyphase SS systems, and derived a way to improve the generalized odd correlation properties     

Dispersion characteristics of broadside coupled dielectric image guide at millimeter wave frequencies

Dispersion characteristics and wave impedance for the even and odd modes of the broad side coupled dielectric image guides are computed by using mode matching techniques. Dispersion curves for broadside image guide are plotted for various dielectric materials and dimensional parameters as a function of frequency. Normalized electric field for dominant electric field component E of TM even and odd modes for various half spacings between two dielectric slabs of broadside coupled image guide have been plotted. Polysterene (∈ r=2.56) and Stycast (∈ r=3.4) have been used as dielectric materials in fabricating broadside coupled image guide. This broadside coupled dielectric guide is very convenient as compared to the other dielectric guides. Since in case of broadside coupled image guide the dielectric slab can be bonded to the side metallic walls using some low loss adhesive material, while in other coupled dielectric guides the dielectric slab have to be supported by some low dielectric constant material (Eccofoam with ∈ r=1.02) to maintain the proper distance of side metallic walls from the dielectric slab. Since this structure is symmetrical, this configuration can be analysed in terms of even and odd mode phase velocities. The difference in these even and off mode phase velocities can be used to determine the coupling between coupled dielectric slab. Various couplers in this configuration can be realised.