含粉煤灰或石英粉复合胶凝材料的抗压强度发展规律

用细度基本相同的粉煤灰和石英粉作为活性和惰性矿物掺和料,研究了不同水胶比、不同养护温度条件下,矿物掺和料的种类和掺量对复合胶凝材料抗压强度发展特性的影响.在水化初期,颗粒形貌等物理因素比反应程度等化学因素更能影响含有矿物掺和料的复合胶凝材料的抗压强度发展特性,活性与惰性矿物掺和料的作用基本相同.热激发能明显促进粉煤灰的火山灰反应,有利于含粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料的抗压强度发展.含大掺量粉煤灰的复合胶凝材料特别适合用于内部能较长时间维持较高温度的大体积混凝土结构.     

含有活性或惰性掺合料的复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的微观结构特征

用压汞法测定了不同温度条件下养护的含有粉煤灰或石英粉的复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的孔隙率.用扫描电镜观察了硬化浆体的微观形貌,同时测定了各种组成的复合胶凝材料的净浆强度.常温水化初期,活性与惰性矿物掺合料都只具有物理填充的作用,硬化浆体的孔隙率和强度由矿物掺合料的掺量所决定.高温水化条件下粉煤灰的火山灰反应提前发生.随水化龄期延长,粉煤灰逐渐发生火山灰反应,使硬化浆体结构密实,其强度逐步提高.活性与惰性矿物掺合料对复合胶凝材料浆体结构与性能的影响的差异在水化后期逐渐显现.     

天然火山灰在水泥基材料中的应用基础

天然火山灰材料分布广,具有一定活性,但其物理化学性质差异大,导致其在混凝土中应用的宏观性能存在差异.本文从火山灰分类、火山灰活性表征、活性激发、水化动力学、水化产物等方面综述了火山灰-水泥复合胶凝材料体系的特点.将火山灰按化学组成进行划分,可分为硅质、铁质和铝质火山灰,其中硅质火山灰可进一步细分为铝硅质和铁硅质火山灰,综合评价了各种火山灰活性评价方法的优缺点,针对活性较低的火山灰,分析了机械、化学活性激发方法的原理和优缺点.最后,结合水泥水化动力学模型分析了复合胶凝材料体系的水化过程,并分析了复合胶凝材料体系的水化产物及孔隙结构特点.     

水化热抑制剂对水泥-粉煤灰胶凝材料水化和混凝土性能的影响

探究了水化热抑制剂(TRI)对水泥-粉煤灰胶凝材料水化过程和混凝土性能的影响。通过改变粉煤灰在胶凝材料中的占比和水化热抑制剂的掺量,观察了胶凝材料的水化过程以及混凝土的绝热温升、力学性能和干燥收缩特性。胶凝材料的水化热测试结果表明,在含有粉煤灰的胶凝材料中,水化热抑制剂降低胶凝材料的放热速率峰值、延后放热峰出现时间的作用更加明显。硬化浆体的相组成和微观结构测试表明,水化热抑制剂对胶凝材料水化程度的抑制主要发生在7 d前。混凝土试验结果表明,水化热抑制剂会放缓混凝土的绝热温升速率,降低粉煤灰混凝土的早期强度并增加干燥收缩。     

水化热抑制剂对水泥-粉煤灰胶凝材料水化和混凝土性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

探究了水化热抑制剂(TRI)对水泥-粉煤灰胶凝材料水化过程和混凝土性能的影响。通过改变粉煤灰在胶凝材料中的占比和水化热抑制剂的掺量,观察了胶凝材料的水化过程以及混凝土的绝热温升、力学性能和干燥收缩特性。胶凝材料的水化热测试结果表明,在含有粉煤灰的胶凝材料中,水化热抑制剂降低胶凝材料的放热速率峰值、延后放热峰出现时间的作用更加明显。硬化浆体的相组成和微观结构测试表明,水化热抑制剂对胶凝材料水化程度的抑制主要发生在7 d前。混凝土试验结果表明,水化热抑制剂会放缓混凝土的绝热温升速率,降低粉煤灰混凝土的早期强度并增加干燥收缩。     

蒸养条件下复合胶凝材料水化过程(英文)

复合胶凝材料水化性能在蒸汽养护及标准养护下有很大差异。通过水化程度、水化产物分析,研究了养护条件及胶凝材料组成对大掺量粉煤灰和磨细矿渣粉矿物掺合料复合胶凝材料体系水化性能的影响。采用化学结合水法、氢氧化钙法及X射线衍射法对复合胶凝材料的水化程度和水化产物进行了表征。结果表明:蒸汽养护条件加速了复合胶凝材料的早期水化,在蒸养阶段更为明显;化学结合水法和氢氧化钙法均能表征胶凝材料的水化程度,当采用氢氧化钙法时,应考虑掺合料火山灰反应影响;蒸汽养护条件下,复合胶凝材料的水化产物种类不变,但水化产物含量增多。     

粉煤灰-脱硫石膏-水泥基复合胶凝材料微观试验研究

脱硫石膏和粉煤灰按比例混合后可复合制成一种新型活性胶凝材料,采用SEM和XRD两种微观试验方法,对复合胶凝体系在不同龄期内的水化过程和水化产物形貌进行观察和分析。试验结果表明：脱硫石膏的加入对粉煤灰活性具有较强的激发作用,粉煤灰-脱硫石膏-水泥三元复合胶凝材料体系的水化反应更为剧烈,水化产物更加丰富,早期强度得到提升。     

电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制

为探究矿渣、粉煤灰及电石渣的资源化利用,以电石渣作为碱激发剂,研究了矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化产物组成及强度特征。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重-差示扫描热(TG-DSC)、扫描电子显微镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)等微观测试技术,分析了复合胶凝材料的晶体结构、热化学性质以及微观形貌等特性,研究了电石渣激发矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的作用机制。结果表明：电石渣作为碱激发剂时能为矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料提供初始水化所需要的强碱环境,驱动矿渣和粉煤灰发生水化反应。随着矿渣掺量的增加,复合胶凝材料的强度发展呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,在粉煤灰与矿渣掺量质量配比为4∶6、外掺电石渣质量分数为4%时,复合材料浆体经4 d常温养护+32 h高温蒸汽养护后抗压强度达到25.9 MPa;矿渣-粉煤灰复合胶凝体系中水化产物分布不均,主要组成为水化硅酸钙、水化铝酸钙、水化硅铝酸钙等凝胶。电石渣作为矿渣-粉煤灰体系的碱激发剂使用时效果良好。     

激发剂对蒸养水泥一粉煤灰胶凝材料性能的影响

通过测定不同龄期净浆化学结合水量和抗压强度,并结合SEM,研究了在蒸养条件下激发剂对水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响。结果表明：蒸养条件及激发剂提高了水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的水化速度与粉煤灰的活性。     

水泥—钢渣—矿渣复合胶凝材料的水化特性

通过测定水泥--钢渣--矿渣复合胶凝材料的水化热、砂浆的抗压强度、硬化浆体孔溶液的碱度、钢渣和矿渣的水化程度,探讨了复合胶凝材料的水化特性。结果表明:钢渣在复合胶凝材料水化硬化过程中所起的化学作用小于矿渣;随着复合胶凝材料中钢渣含量的增大和矿渣含量的减小,复合胶凝材料的早期和后期胶凝性能均降低;随着复合胶凝材料中矿渣的含量增大,硬化浆体孔溶液的碱度降低,矿渣的反应程度也随之降低,矿渣含量为10%~40%时,孔溶液的pH值为12.6~13.3;钢渣的反应程度受复合胶凝材料组成的影响很小;钢渣和矿渣在后期的反应程度提高明显,尤其矿渣所起的化学作用显著,矿渣在360d龄期的反应程度超过50%,甚至60%,使复合胶凝材料砂浆的后期强度与水泥砂浆的差距明显缩小。     

Pozzolanic reactivity of lightweight aggregates

Over recent years more attention has been given to the influence of the aggregate-cement paste interfacial zone on the various properties of concrete. For the lightweight aggregate - cement paste interface, it is believed that the interface is characterized by a mechanical interlocking in combination with a chemical interaction in the form of pozzolanic reaction. In the literature, however, not too much information on the effect of the pozzolanic reactivity of lightweight aggregates is available. Therefore, an investigation on the pozzolanic reactivity of some lightweight aggregates based on expanded clay and sintered fly ash was carried out. A certain degree of pozzolanic reaction between cement paste and lightweight aggregate was observed, but the effect was not very pronounced. The low degree of pozzolanic reactivity may be the result of a recrystallization of the mineral compounds during the manufacturing process of the aggregate.     

几种火山灰质掺合料的火山灰活性研究

采用酸溶法测定并比较几种典型的火山灰质掺合料的火山灰活性,探讨其火山灰反应程度对浆体强度的影响。试验结果表明,硅灰的火山灰活性最大,明显高于煤矸石和粉煤灰;煤矸石和Ⅱ级磨细粉煤灰的火山灰活性比Ⅰ级分选粉煤灰较大;酸溶法测定的煤矸石或硅灰的火山灰活性误差较大,活性偏低;掺合料火山灰的活性与其浆体强度有一定相关性。     

粉煤灰水泥的水化动力学

研究了粉煤灰水泥中粉灰和水泥熟料的水化过程动力学；讨论了这两种反应的动力学常数对系统性质的影响。提出了为改善粉煤灰水泥的性质，必须同时促进粉煤灰的火山灰反庆和水泥熟料的水化反应。     

Fly ash effects: II. The active effect of fly ash

This paper examines the method for determining the hydration degree of cement clinker and the pozzolanic reaction degree of fly ash in the system of cement and fly ash. In the base, the active effect of fly ash is studied. The studied results show that the active effect includes two aspects: (1) Fly ash has stronger pozzolanic activity and can react with Ca(OH)₂, and (2) it can promote the hydration of cement. When the content of fly ash is less, its pozzolanic activity can exert well, but its promoting role to the hydration of cement is weaker. When the content of fly ash is more, it is less than its pozzolanic activity can be used, but its promoting role to the hydration of cement is stronger.     

高掺量粉煤灰混凝土强度发展潜力

测定了粉煤灰火山灰的反应率;估算了粉煤灰火山灰反应所需的最小水泥用量[或Ca(OH)2量];研究了高掺量粉煤灰混凝土的长期强度增长趋势。试验结果表明:粉煤灰的火山灰反应程度极其有限,极限火山灰反应率不大于20%;高掺量粉煤灰混凝土不会存在所谓“贫钙”问题;与普通混凝土相比,高掺量粉煤灰混凝土具有更强的后期强度增长趋势。     

粉煤灰火山灰反应残渣的形貌及组成

采用扫描电镜和电子探针等分析手段研究了粉煤灰火山灰反应残渣的形貌和化学组成。含NaOH的粉煤灰-石灰系统火山灰反应程度远高于粉煤灰-石灰系统,因而来自2系统的反应产物及粉煤灰残渣的形貌均截然不同。电子探针对粉煤灰残渣化学成分的研究表明：含NaOH粉煤灰-石灰系统,其K2O,Na2O和MgO总含量有明显降低的趋势,参与火山灰反应的SiO2,Al2O3,K2O,Na2O和MgO等元素进入液相参与形成一些特征火山灰反应产物,使得含NaOH的粉煤灰-石灰系统比不含NaOH的有更好的力学性能。     

State of the art for fly ash uses in concrete

An overview of accomplishments in recent research and of attractive further work for improvements of the uses of fly ash in concrete is presented.Improved workability of fresh concrete, reduction of peak curing temperatures and increase of the denseness of hardened concrete are being recognized as attainable advantages in practice. Also pozzolanic reactivity as protection against reactions with alkali-susceptible aggregates is of increasing interest.There is in research a trend towards more work about the characterisation of fly ashes in relation to chemical composition and mineralogy structure. Also their impact on the rheology of fresh cement paste, on the energetics of the hydrating system and on the microstructure of hardened cement paste is increasingly being studied. More interaction with other branches of materials science is still desirable.The practice-research relations are demonstrated by experience with use of fly ash in the concrete of a major bridge construction in Denmark. Coherent research and development efforts are found commendable.     

Packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in mortar

This research is to study the effect of particle size of fly ash on packing effect and pozzolanic reaction of mortar when 20% of fly ash is used to replace Portland cement type I. Both effects can be determined by using fly ash and insoluble material which have almost the same particle size to replace Portland cement type I. Normally, the compressive strength of fly ash mortar is contributed from hydration reaction, packing effect, and pozzolanic reaction. For mortar mixed with insoluble material, the compressive strength is due to hydration reaction and packing effect. Thus, compressive strength due to pozzolanic reaction can be determined from the difference in compressive strength between fly ash mortar and insoluble material mortar. The results show that the strength activity index of fly ash mortar depends on the median particle size of fly ash and curing ages of mortar samples. At early ages, the strength activity index of fly ash mortar due to packing effect is higher than that due to pozzolanic reaction. At the ages of 3 to 90 days, the difference in strength activity index due to packing effect of fly ashes with median particle size of 2.7 and 160 μm is almost constant about 22% of the strength of standard mortar (STD). The differences in strength activity index due to pozzolanic reaction of fly ashes with median particle size of 2.7 and 160 μm are 3%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, at the ages of 3, 28, and 90 days.