Al-Sn预合金粉末及其在金刚石磨具中的应用

通过超声雾化法制备Al-Sn预合金粉末，研究Al—Sn预合金粉末的形貌、热压性能、抗氧化性能及其在铝基金刚石磨轮中的应用情况。结果表明：制备的Al—Sn预合金粉球形度高，与相同组成的单质Al、Sn混合粉末相比，其抗氧化性能提高2．23倍，而热压温度低50℃左右，且热压后组织均匀；预合金粉末有利于制备的铝基金刚石磨轮的成分均匀。     

金刚石磨头电火花车削修整技术研究

工具的精确设计和修整是电解加工的研究难点之一。由于特殊的制造工艺,铜基烧结金刚石磨头存在较大的圆跳动误差。为减小圆跳动误差,需对金刚石磨头进行修整。为此,提出了一种新的修整方法——电火花车削修整技术。利用该技术,可将金刚石磨头的圆跳动误差修整到0.003 mm。利用已修整的金刚石磨头和未修整的金刚石磨头分别对304不锈钢进行电解磨削,通过宏观和微观对比发现,采用电火花车削修整的磨头磨削精度高,加工误差小,且加工表面均匀,表面粗糙度值低、质量好。     

具有孔隙结构的金属基金刚石工具的研究进展

在金属基金刚石工具中引入孔隙结构,旨在增加容屑空间和冷却效果,从而提高工具性能。然而,孔隙率增加导致的工具力学性能急剧下降,限制了工具的服役性能。近年来科研人员开发了多种金刚石工具制备新方法,制备的工具孔隙结构从整体均匀化向局部有序化转变,同时工具的性能和成本等也呈现出较大差异。因此,本文首先介绍多孔金属基金刚石工具的孔隙结构特点及其对性能的影响,然后围绕制备多孔金属基金刚石工具的热压法、增材制造法和激光修整法,系统总结了各制备方法的原理和参数调控要点,重点梳理了工具的制备工艺参数-孔隙结构-力学性能-服役性能之间的对应关系,最后评述各制备方法的优缺点及适用范围,探讨多孔金属基金刚石工具可能的发展方向。     

加工电熔锆刚玉砖用电镀金刚石磨轮的研制和应用

电熔锆刚玉砖是玻璃熔窑最重要的耐火材料,该砖结构致密、热稳定性高、耐磨性好、抗蚀能力强,只有超硬磨料才能对锆刚玉砖表面进行有效磨削。本文通过复合电镀方法研制和生产金刚石磨轮,并给出了复合电镀金刚石磨轮的工艺流程。在研制过程中,对金刚石磨轮的基体和胎体进行了优化设计,分析了金刚石质量、金刚石浓度、金刚石粒度对磨削过程的影响,采用两种品级、四种粒度的金刚石按一定比例混合使用,扩大了磨轮的适用范围,提高了磨轮的自锐性,研制的电镀金刚石磨轮用于磨削锆刚玉砖耐火材料,其平均使用寿命达到168．36m^2,与热压焊接金刚石磨轮比较,平均寿命和磨削效率分别提高16．5％和20％。使用结果表明：电镀金刚石磨轮是最适合磨削加工电熔锆刚玉砖的金刚石工具,加工后的锆刚玉砖具有精确的几何形状和高光洁度的表面,同时,选择合适的金刚石磨轮和合理的磨削参数,对电镀金刚石磨轮的使用寿命和磨削效率以及锆刚玉砖的加工质量有重要影响。     

金刚石磨具及其制作方法

本发明涉及一种金刚石磨具及其制作方法,金刚石磨具的磨削层包括嵌设在树脂基体内的金刚石磨块,金刚石弯块的外表面为非规则的折叠压纹。金刚石磨块为直立、弯曲或倾斜的圆柱、棱柱、圆台、圆锥台或棱锥台状,其表面设置有非规则的多层折叠压纹。金刚石磨块顶部和／或底部设置有突起。树脂基体及金刚石磨块成型在夹持头上;或者,树脂基体及金刚石磨块成型在尼龙丝层或尼龙钩层上,与此对应的尼龙钩层或尼龙丝层设置在中间体的顶面和／或侧面,     

Fe基胎体中添加Zn粉后的金刚石磨边轮组织及性能

在金刚石磨边轮Fe基胎体中分别添加0,0.7％,2.1％,3.5％,4.9％质量分数的Zn粉,研究Zn粉添加量对金刚石磨边轮Fe基胎体的热压烧结组织、物相组成及力学性能的影响;在此基础上,研究Fe基胎体中添加0、2.1％、3.5％质量分数的Zn粉以及浓度为24％的金刚石后制成的3种金刚石节块的性能及对应的3种磨边轮的磨...     

不同介质中电火花修整金属基金刚石砂轮的研究

用电火花方法修整金属基金刚石砂轮时,不同的放电介质对修整过程有不同的影响,考虑到电火花在线修整金刚石砂轮对加工介质的特殊要求,文章比较和研究了压缩空气、水雾气、雾状乳化油3种放电介质对修整过程的影响.试验中用VH-1000三维数字显微镜对修整后的砂轮形貌进行了分析,同时比较了修整效率,用表面粗糙度仪测量了不同放电介质修整后的金刚石砂轮磨削工件后的表面粗糙度.试验结果表明:压缩空气为介质的修整速度最慢,表面质量最差;雾状乳化油为介质的修整效率及效果最好;水雾气为介质的修整效率与效果接近雾状乳化油.     

高效加工硬质合金沉孔用新型金刚石工具与工艺研究

介绍了一种加工硬质合金沉孔用新型金刚石工具与加工工艺。采用电镀和烧结金刚石磨头在数控铣床上,以螺旋进刀的加工方式,在不同进刀量和进给速度条件下,研究加工效率和磨头寿命的关系;研究不同尺寸、槽型的电镀和烧结金刚石磨头对不同材质的硬质合金沉孔的加工效率和沉孔精度等的影响;并采用扫描电镜（SEM）和光学显微镜分析金刚石磨头的显微组织。结果表明:与电镀金刚石磨头相比,烧结金刚石磨头具有更好的使用寿命和加工效率,将传统硬质合金沉孔（φ13 mm×5 mm）每孔的加工时间由2 h缩短为10~15 min,且每只磨头的打孔寿命约为33~42个。该研究有望进一步增大硬质合金等硬脆带孔材料的应用范围。      

3D打印金属基金刚石复合材料的试验研究

传统方法制造金属基金刚石复合材料工具时,存在胎体对金刚石包镶强度不够、金刚石有效出刃高度小和难以制造具有特殊复杂结构的金刚石工具等问题,而3D打印技术为金属基金刚石复合材料的设计与制造提供了新的发展契机。本研究从金属材料、激光选区熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）成型工艺参数和金刚石参数3方面进行优选,开展SLM成型金属基复合材料的可行性试验,并进一步开展金属基金刚石复合材料的SLM成型试验。结果表明:采用SLM成型技术可提高金属基金刚石复合材料的性能。但同时,新技术的应用也还存在一些不足之处,需要针对性的深入研究。      

预烧结温度对热等静压法制备Co基金刚石串珠性能的影响

采用合适的工艺流程及参数,将热等静压(Hot Isostatic Pressing,HIP)技术应用于Co基金刚石串珠制备。分析了HIP后胎体性能的变化,并通过扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)进行断面微观分析。结果表明:相比较热压烧结,HIP更有助于改善Co基胎体各项性能,对于实验中各组Co基胎体,750℃预烧结胎体的性能提高最多,其中胎体抗弯强度提高了25.2%,胎体对钢基体的夹持力提高了37.9%。显然,HIP可用于Co基金刚石串珠的制备,而预烧结温度对HIP后胎体性能有着重要影响,在合适的预烧结温度下可以获得最佳性能的胎体。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.