表面活性素集成生产过程(Ⅲ)吸附柱的模型

The study is focused on modeling of separation process and optimization.An adsorption separation process is simulated.The surfactin production process by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 followed by surfactin adsorption in a fixed-bed column packed with commercial active carbon is studied in laboratory.The adsorption column achieves high surfactin recovery(94%)by up-flow methanol elution at 25°C.The adsorption column is simulated with a complex one-dimensional plug flow dispersion model coupled with nonlinear adsorption equilibrium,based on the assumption that the adsorption of surfactin is monomolecular layer and no micelle is formed.The molecular diffusion coefficient of surfactin in water solution with electric neutrality is estimated to be 0.428×10 -5 cm 2 ·s -1 by molecular dynamics simulation.The model developed can describe the complex interplay of adsorption kinetics,fluid dynamics,and mass-transfer phenomena based on the assumption of no radial temperature and concentration gradients,and is of adequate precision.The work involved in this paper is valuable for the optimization of the production process of surfactin.     

基于流程模拟的常减压装置过程操作与生产计划集成优化

传统的炼油企业生产计划优化与过程操作优化往往是分离的, 从而造成生产计划优化系统制定出的生产方案可能在实际的生产装置操作上无法实现的情况。为了确保石化企业生产计划制定的方案可行的同时实现过程装置操作优化, 基于流程模拟软件建立了常减压蒸馏装置生产计划与过程操作的集成优化策略, 并提出了该优化策略的有效寻优方法。该方法通过流程模拟软件验证生产计划的可达性, 不断修正生产计划关键变量的优化区间, 在求得生产计划最优解的同时确定装置的工艺操作条件。以某炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置炼油为例验证提出的集成优化方法, 案例证明该集成策略不仅确保生产计划在实际生产的可操作性, 还得到了生产计划与过程装置操作的同步优化。     

一种新的基于可拓理论的工业过程生产操作方法(英文)

To explore the problems of dynamic change in production demand and operating contradiction in production process, a new extension theory-based production operation method is proposed. The core is the demand requisition, contradiction resolution and operation classification. For the demand requisition, the deep and comprehensive demand elements are collected by the conjugating analysis. For the contradiction resolution, the conflict between the demand and operating elements are solved by the extension reasoning, extension transformation and consistency judgment. For the operating classification, the operating importance among the operating elements is calculated by the extension clustering so as to guide the production operation and ensure the production safety. Through the actual application in the cascade reaction process of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) of a chemical plant, cases study and comparison show that the proposed extension theory-based production operation method is significantly better than the traditional experience-based operation method in actual production process, which exploits a new way to the research on the production operating methods for industrial process.     

高纯度精馏过程的集成控制与在线优化策略

For high-purity distillation processes, it is difficult to achieve a good direct product quality control using traditional pro-portional-integral-differential (PID) control or multivariable predictive control technique due to some difficulties, such as long re-sponse time, many un-measurable disturbances, and the reliability and precision issues of product quality soft-sensors. In this paper, based on the first principle analysis and dynamic simulation of a distillation process, a new predictive control scheme is proposed by using the split ratio of distillate flow rate to that of bottoms as an essential controlled variable. Correspondingly, a new strategy with integrated control and on-line optimization is developed, which consists of model predictive control of the split ratio, surrogate model based on radial basis function neural network for optimization, and modified differential evolution optimization algorithm. With the strategy, the process achieves its steady state quickly, so more profit can be obtained. The proposed strategy has been successfully applied to a gas separation plant for more than three years, which shows that the strategy is feasible and effective.     

近期纯碱生产的发展与一种同时生产氯乙烯和纯碱的非电解过程

荷兰阿克苏化学公司采用一种非电解的同时生产纯碱和氯乙烯的ＡＺＣ过程，希望降低能耗费用的二分之一。过程采取多循环系统的技术形式。实质是一个催化有机循环。循环流体组成为约３５％的己二腈，其余为Ｉ２Ｃｌ－等复合离子。流体在压力下吸收乙烯，乙烯与Ｉ２Ｃｌ－反应生成碘氯乙烷和Ｉ－。碘氯乙烷转化为二氯乙烷。二氯乙烷被转化为氯乙烯。下一步骤是此流体在加入纯固体食盐而析出ＮａＨＣＯ３，ＮａＨＣＯ３被煅烧成纯碱。     

一种新型的丁苯热塑性弹性体SBS生产过程结团问题分析与对策

介绍了SBS装置的主要生产工艺,分析了SBS结团的形成过程,结合生产实践考察了原料杂质、聚合配比、聚合反应温度、胶罐停留时间、凝聚条件与后处理挤压脱水机、膨胀干燥机对SBS结团的影响,并结合改善后的良好效果,提出了解决产品结团的针对性对策。     

催化裂化装置再吸收塔吸收剂流程改造

针对350万t/a重油催化裂化装置出现的干气不干现象,经过一系列的分析,确定由于MIP工艺产生的催化柴油密度过大,使得再吸收塔内液相流动性差,造成再吸收塔压降大、雾沫夹带严重,干气带液严重影响下游装置运行。根据相似相溶原理,进行了采用顶循环油作为再吸收塔吸收剂的改造。投用结果表明,此项改造彻底解决了干气不干的现象,提高了液化气及汽油的收率,直接经济效益可达9 000多万元/a。     

Optimization of a model IV fluidized catalytic cracking unit

Maximization of a profit function related to a fluidized catalytic cracking unit model was carried out by Luus‐jaakola optimization procedure. A 7‐dimensional search is carried out on a FCC unit described by 113 nonlinear algebraic equations and 9 differential equations. Despite the low sensitivity and the existence of several local optima, the global optimum was obtained with reasonable amount of computational effort. At the optimum, the profit function is 1% higher than when the air blowers are constrained to operate at their maximum capacity.     

新型催化裂解快速流化床内颗粒浓度分布实验研究

催化裂解反应器是石油深度加工的重要反应器,采用实验方法对新型快速床催化裂解反应器内气固两相流动特性进行了研究,测量了床层内颗粒浓度分布,考察了气体流量对床层轴向和径向上颗粒浓度分布的影响。实验结果表明,床层轴向上颗粒浓度呈现下部稠密上部稀疏的分布规律;当气体流量较低时轴向颗粒浓度呈S形分布,高气量下呈现指数函数形分布,即反应器上部区域的颗粒浓度分布影响较小;床层径向颗粒浓度分布呈现中心稀、边壁浓的特征,且增大空气流量,径向分布趋于均匀。在一定操作条件下,与传统提升管相比,新型快速床颗粒浓度显著提高。     

Four-lump kinetic model for fluid catalytic cracking process

In the fluid catalytic cracking reactor heavy gas oil is cracked into more valuable lighter hydrocarbon products. The reactor input is a mixture of hydrocarbons which makes the reaction kinetics very complicated due to the involved reactions. In this paper, a four-lump model is proposed to describe the process. This model is different from others mainly in that the deposition rate of coke on catalyst can be predicted from gas oil conversion and isolated from the C₁–C₄ gas yield. This is important since coke supplies heat required for endothermic reactions occurring in the reactor. By this model we can also conclude that the C1–C4 gas yield increases with increasing reactor temperature, while production of gasoline and coke decreases.     

前置烧焦式催化裂化装置稳态模拟:再生器取热器负荷对过程的影响

应用本文作者课题组开发的前置烧焦式催化裂化装置过程模拟平台,对某工业装置进行现场条件下的稳态模拟,并完成全装置模型的校正及验证。在此基础上,模拟分析了再生器取热器负荷对该装置操作产生的影响。模拟结果显示,改变再生器取热器的负荷,能够有效调节两器热量平衡,在确保工艺范围不超限的前提下提高装置剂油比,原料油转化率提高,装置产品分布得到有效调节,但是使得密相床再生器密相区床层温度降低,从而影响再生器的再生效果,不利于提升管进口再生催化剂初始活性的提高。     

助剂降低催化裂化烟气SOx和NOx排放的工业实践

对催化裂化过程SOx、NOx生成机理进行了分析。SOx、NOx主要是由原料中的硫化物和氮化物形成的。对于非完全再生催化裂化装置,烟气中的NOx还有少量是由CO焚烧炉产生的。SOx助剂和NOx助剂是在催化裂化再生过程中将烟气中的SOx和NOx转化成H2S和N2。中石化洛阳工程有限公司有多个SOx助剂和NOx助剂进行了工业应用,认为助剂是降低催化裂化烟气SOx、NOx排放的有效手段之一。     

Equilibrium catalyst from a fluidized catalytic cracking unit separated by metal content by using carbon nanotubes and a biphasic system

During fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) operations FCC catalyst particles become contaminated with various metals. These metals impact FCC performance and currently requires equilibrium catalyst (ECAT) mixtures consisting of a blend of FCC particles with a time spent in the reactor ranging from minutes to several months to be continuously extracted and sold as low value products or sent to landfills. Here a unique method to recycle FCC ECAT particles is presented, which separates ECAT particles by metal content by synthesizing carbon nanotubes and nanofibers on the ECAT particles surface and using a biphasic system. ECAT with low metal content can be sent back to the FCC unit for further use while ECAT with high metal content can be used for other purposes. Further, we show these treated ECAT materials of high metals content will absorb oil on the surface of water and may prove useful for oil spill clean-up applications.     

催化裂化装置吸收稳定系统技术改造

针对催化裂化装置吸收稳定系统存在的问题采用JF复合浮阀塔板、双股进料流程等新技术、新工艺对其进行一系列技术改造。介绍了技术改造的主要内容,并对经济效益和运行效果进行了分析。