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在空气预冷系统故障中,由循环水系统引起的故障占绝大多数,而结垢又是循环水系统发生故障的最主要诱因。介绍结垢对空分设备空气预冷系统各部机造成的危害,分析结垢产生的原因,并提出了结垢的一些预防措施及结垢后的处理方法。 相似文献
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反渗透专用阻垢剂TJRO101的阻垢性能 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
反渗透专用阻垢剂的阻垢效果可通过反渗透的动态模拟实验来评价.反渗透装置以“周期性浓缩的全循环模式“运行,使浓水侧的饱和指数逐渐增大,碳酸钙和硫酸垢的结垢趋势逐渐增加,RO的总回收率也逐渐提高.碳酸钙和硫酸垢的沉积使得溶液的组成改变,并以此评价阻垢剂的阻垢效果.对新型反渗透专用阻垢剂TJRO101、传统反渗透阻垢剂SHMP及King Lee的PTP2000的动态模拟实验表明,TJRO101对CaCO3,CaSO4,BaSO4,SrSO4垢有极其优良的阻垢性能,是一种多功能的反渗透专用阻垢剂. 相似文献
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《膜科学与技术》2021,41(3)
针对亦庄某再生水厂反渗透系统投加的AntarcticaTM ROSD 9000型号阻垢剂,考察其对RO系统的适用性和最佳投加浓度.模拟了反渗透生产系统,计算回收率75%及实际进水水质下的结垢倾向,结果表明,反渗透浓水侧仅有Langelier饱和指数超过结垢倾向控制指标,CaCO_3结垢倾向明显,有必要适量投加阻垢剂.模拟不同变量条件下的系统安全性,指导实际生产.采用中试装置进行极限碳酸盐硬度试验,证明加药量在2.5~3.0 mg/L时较合适,即系统运行压力无明显变化,RO浓水侧无结垢倾向;加药量在2.0 mg/L不利于系统稳定运行.经实际生产系统验证,投药量在2.5~3.0mg/L时系统运行安全,反渗透清洗频次降低,阻垢剂占系统运行所用生产药剂成本的60%,有效地控制了成本. 相似文献
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反渗透膜用阻垢剂的研制与应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用溶液聚合的方法以丙烯酸、丙烯磺酸钠等单体为原料合成了含磺酸基的多元共聚物,并与有机膦酸、低分子量的聚丙烯酸等水处理药剂按一定比例进行复配研制成反渗透阻垢剂TM-1,通过动态实验室阻垢实验和在工业生产反渗透系统中的使用,证明TM-1对CaCO3垢、CaSO4垢,铁盐、硅垢等有很好的阻垢效果. 相似文献
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国内某发电厂以高硬度高碱度水源作为循环水补水,投加新型阻垢缓蚀剂后提升循环水浓缩倍率近9倍。为研究在高浓缩倍率运行下凝汽器及冷却塔填料存在的结垢风险,该文通过分析循环水水质、冷却塔填料垢样组成,并结合机组设备检修,结果表明,循环水的ΔB值高达5~6,约64%钙元素以分子态CaCO3微颗粒形式存在于水中,冷却塔填料垢样中CaCO3含量占比约75%,该发电厂循环水高浓缩倍率运行会使冷却塔填料水流通道被CaCO3微颗粒堵塞,造成循环水温度升高、凝汽器端差增大,机组运行经济性变差。针对此情况,提出了相应的处理措施,如增加循环水旁流过滤处理、循环水投加硫酸等,降低了结垢恶化风险,最后在节水减排改造和机组检修方面提出了建议。 相似文献
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油田集输系统腐蚀结垢在油田开发过程中是一个普遍存在的问题。本文对油田集输系统腐蚀结垢的机理和原因进行了分析。油田地层水矿化度高和成垢离子含量高为结垢的产生提供了重要的物质基础,是集输系统产生难溶结垢的主要原因,对此提出了一系列防治集输系统腐蚀结垢的综合配套技术措施,有效地延长了集输系统的使用寿命,提高了油田综合开发效益。 相似文献
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本项目采用原系统中已经更换淘汰的反渗透膜元件材料,新建浓水回用反渗透系统,实现了废旧膜材料的循环回收利用。项目工艺流程采用了除垢过滤及反渗透膜除盐技术,以强磁过滤器、加药装置、反渗透装置、反渗透清洗/冲洗装置等构成主要材料设备单元。工业实际运行结果表明,经本工艺处理后的产水可回用于生产,既可以作为反渗透的进水,又可继续处理成适用于锅炉的补给水。 相似文献
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This article looks at the benefits of wastewater reuse for industrial and municipal applications. It demonstrates how continuous microfiltration pretreatment to reverse osmosis can reduce capital and operating costs of reverse osmosis systems, improve their efficiency and enable reliable operation on a wider variety of water sources. This information is supported by operational data from a number of continuous microfiltration/reverse osmosis installations worldwide on difficult-to-treat feed waters. 相似文献
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面向软化水处理的纳滤膜分离技术 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
很多领域需要软化水而并非脱盐水.利用纳滤膜对二价离子(Ca2 ,Mg2 ,SO42-)高截留和对单价离子(K ,Na ,Cl-)的低截留特性,可实现软化而不是完全脱盐,以适应各种领域对软化水的要求.阐述了纳滤膜的软水原理、软水用纳滤膜的性能与选用原则;介绍了水质、操作压力及产水率对纳滤膜软水性能的影响以及纳滤膜在制取软化的饮用水、工业软化水以及海水淡化等方面的应用;通过与石灰软化和离子交换软化的比较,分析了纳滤膜软水法的经济性.指出纳滤膜软水法是一种先进的经济的水软化技术,可克服反渗透的高能耗以及石灰软化和离子交换软化产生的废渣和废水对环境的污染.因此纳滤膜软水法具有很强的竞争力,广泛采用纳滤技术制取各种用途的软化水具有十分广阔的前景. 相似文献
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膜分离工艺作为一种绿色环保技术,具有先进、高效、低能耗的优点,在电厂锅炉补给水处理领域中得到了成功的应用。在具体工程实践的基础上,本文分析了超滤、反渗透和电去离子EDI等关键膜单元系统在电厂锅炉给水预处理、软化以及脱盐纯化中的原理与作用特点,并比较了相关工程应用中几种不同类型的商业化膜元件的性能。 相似文献
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Christian M. Wisniewski C. Stewart Slater Mariano J. Savelski 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2018,20(8):1791-1803
The performance of a dynamic vibratory membrane system for the recovery of usable water from soluble coffee processing wastewater has been investigated. Coffee wastewater is a complex food and beverage wastewater consisting of a variety of inorganic and organic constituents and dissolved and suspended solids. Manufacturing processes require high volumes of water, which leads to significant generation of wastewater. Effective design and scale-up of a recovery process are necessary to improve the sustainability of water draw for production. Rejections of COD, turbidity, and conductivity were observed to determine the purity of water recovered. A variety of membranes were initially screened for effective performance; a thin-film composite nanofiltration and a thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane were selected for further studies. Process parameter studies for these membranes evaluated the effect of time, pressure, and vibration (shear). Steady-state flux was enhanced when vibration was introduced by factors of 4.5 and 1.6 when processing with the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, respectively. COD and turbidity rejection were above 97% for both the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes in vibratory filtration. Conductivity rejection was 75 and 99% for the nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, respectively, in vibratory filtration. The nanofiltration membrane was tested in a high-recovery simulation run and produced high flux at 85% total permeate recovery, indicating commercial-scale design is feasible. 相似文献
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John W. M. AGAR Rosemary E. SIMMONDS Richard KNIGHT Christine A. SOMERVILLE 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2009,13(1):32-37
Despite a global focus on resource conservation, most hemodialysis (HD) services still wastefully or ignorantly discard reverse osmosis (R/O) "reject water" (RW) to the sewer. However, an R/O system is producing the highly purified water necessary for dialysis, it rejects any remaining dissolved salts from water already prefiltered through charcoal and sand filters in a high-volume effluent known as RW. Although the RW generated by most R/O systems lies well within globally accepted potable water criteria, it is legally "unacceptable" for drinking. Consequently, despite being extremely high-grade gray water, under current dialysis practices, it is thoughtlessly "lost-to-drain." Most current HD service designs neither specify nor routinely include RW-saving methodology, despite its simplicity and affordability. Since 2006, we have operated several locally designed, simple, cheap, and effective RW collection and distribution systems in our in-center, satellite, and home HD services. All our RW water is now recycled for gray-water use in our hospital, in the community, and at home, a practice that is widely appreciated by our local health service and our community and is an acknowledged lead example of scarce resource conservation. Reject water has sustained local sporting facilities and gardens previously threatened by indefinite closure under our regional endemic local drought conditions. As global water resources come under increasing pressure, we believe that a far more responsible attitude to RW recycling and conservation should be mandated for all new and existing HD services, regardless of country or region. 相似文献