我国油淬火—回火弹簧钢丝的生产和发展建议

介绍我国油淬火—回火弹簧钢丝的发展历史、企业现状、生产工艺流程和装备以及与油淬火—回火弹簧钢丝相关的原料生产情况。针对我国油淬火—回火弹簧钢丝存在的主要问题 ,提出了改进油淬火—回火弹簧钢丝产品质量的建议     

60Si2MnA线材脱碳对油淬火—回火钢丝脱碳的影响

研究线材脱碳层厚度对油淬火—回火钢丝半成品、成品的影响,对国产60Si2MnAΦ5.5 mm热轧线材从线材、拉丝半成品到油淬火—回火成品生产过程进行跟踪,结果表明:热轧线材全脱碳层厚度约为0.04 mm时,经过64.0%的总压缩率拉拔后,半成品钢丝全脱碳层厚度百分比变化很小,通过国产管式炉加热后进行油淬火—回火处理,成品钢丝表面没有全脱碳层出现,只出现少量的部分脱碳层。     

柱塞弹簧疲劳断裂原因分析

通过对55CrS i淬火—回火弹簧钢丝的化学成分、表面质量、力学性能、断口进行分析和金相检验等,推断出在生产柱塞弹簧过程中,由于工艺不当,在钢丝表面局部产生微裂纹,进而引起弹簧疲劳断裂。     

组织为贝氏体的含Mo高碳钢丝的特性

制造重要用途弹簧钢丝通常有两种:一种是琴钢丝,具有珠光体组织,依靠拉拔工艺调整强度;另一种是油淬火—回火钢丝(OT钢丝) ,具有回火马氏体组织,依靠油淬火—回火工艺调整强度。由于琴钢丝省略了淬火和回火过程而具有价格竞争力。尽管OT钢丝抗延迟断裂能力低,但是在韧性、耐热强度和疲劳强度性能方面优于琴钢丝。笔者研制出一种贝氏体组织含Mo高碳拉拔钢丝,具有高的耐热和疲劳强度,可以替代Cr Si钢OT钢丝(SAE 92 5 4)。1　研制原理对于弹簧钢丝来说,组织为珠光体的钢丝使用温度低于OT钢丝,因此,它的应用受到限制。一般来说,通过向钢中…     

感应加热弹簧钢丝不同淬火方式性能对比

在感应加热油淬火—回火弹簧钢丝生产过程中,淬火油产生的油烟恶化车间环境,对车间操作工的健康造成极大危害。将油改为自来水,并对12.5 mm 55SiCr弹簧钢丝分别进行自来水淬火和油淬火,自来水淬火温度920℃,回火温度500℃,线速度19.0 m/min;油淬火温度925℃,回火温度497℃,线速度15.0 m/min。将2种工艺生产的弹簧钢丝分别进行力学性能和金相组织分析,自来水淬火、油淬火生产的弹簧钢丝抗拉强度和断面收缩率相差不大,显微硬度分别为440⁴50,445450,445⁴55 HV10。2种淬火介质生产的弹簧钢丝力学性均能满足客户要求。     

调质处理对碳素弹簧钢丝机械性能的影响

本文介绍了经电接触快速加热油淬火、回火调质处理的60碳素弹簧钢丝的机械性能,并研究了淬火加热温度、回火温度、分级温度等参数对钢丝机械性能的影响,同时应用回归分析法和微处理机对试验数据进行了分析处理。经适当调质处理的钢丝不仅可以获得优良的强韧性,且具有良好的绕制性能,可直接绕制成弹簧而无需再经淬火、回火热处理。     

卡电分级油淬火回火钢丝生产线的设计思考

介绍目前国内普遍使用的油淬火回火钢丝生产线。对卡电式分级油淬火回火钢丝生产线设计中需要注意的问题进行了简单的论述。结合工艺试验,提出了在该生产线上对钢丝形变热处理的一些设想。     

两种高铬马氏体不锈钢油淬火回火工艺研究

介绍两种高铬马氏体不锈钢的油淬火回火工艺原理 ;研究 3Cr13薄钢带试样 (采用普通加热法 )和4Cr13钢丝 (采用电接触快速加热法 )的淬火和回火温度对其显微组织及力学性能的影响规律 ;研制成功 4Cr13油淬火 -回火不锈钢丝     

扫地用油淬火回火扁钢丝制备工艺

采用直径为6.5 mm的60钢盘条冷拉至直径为2.0 mm钢丝,用于轧制0.8 mm×3.43 mm扫地用扁钢丝,经油淬火回火后要求抗拉强度在1 500～1 600 MPa,延伸率大于4%。采用的淬火温度为860,900℃,回火温度为460,480,500℃,淬火和回火加热时间均为40 s,对扁钢丝在不同的淬火、回火温度处理后的力学性能进行测试。结果表明:在860℃加热淬火并在450,480,500℃回火,其力学性能均满足技术要求;在900℃加热淬火并在450,480,500℃回火,加工硬化组织已经完全奥氏体化,随着回火温度的升高,抗拉强度和硬度不断下降;确定淬火加热温度在860～900℃,回火温度在480～500℃可以满足扫地用油淬火回火扁钢丝的技术要求。     

55CrSi油淬火回火弹簧钢丝卷簧断裂分析

Ф7.2 mm 55CrSi油淬火回火弹簧钢丝卷簧过程中断裂。采用带能谱的场发射扫描电镜、金相显微镜和显微硬度计等设备对样品进行分析。结果表明:由于生产油淬火回火弹簧钢丝的弹簧钢线材心部存在严重的成分和组织偏析,造成其冷拔过程中心部偏析带上产生许多"V"字形微裂纹,并遗传到油淬火回火成品弹簧钢丝上,较大的"V"字形裂纹在冷卷簧时强大的外力作用下,迅速扩展形成喇叭状断口。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press