CO2超临界流体作反应物用于皮革脱灰的研究

本文以CO2超临界流体作反应物用于制革的脱灰,研究了超临界CO2的压力、温度、时间及工艺对脱灰和脱脂的影响。结果表明：CO2超临界流体作为反应物可用于灰皮脱灰,并且具有速度快、脱灰彻底,能有效防止钙斑生成,同时具有较好的脱脂作用等优点,是一种不使用接盐的新的脱灰技术。     

Octacalcium phosphate fiber synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method

Calcium phosphate fiber was synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method using urea as precipitation agent. Effects of the reactant concentration and hydrothermal temperature on the calcium phosphate morphology and composition were studied using SEM, FTIR and XRD. It is found that fine octacalcium phosphate(OCP)fiber can be synthesized when the reactant concentrations are 0.167 mol/L for Ca(NO3)2, 0.1 mol/L for (NH4)2HPO4, and 0.6-0.7 mol/L for (NH2)2CO, respectively, with the initial reactant solution pH value around 2.2, hydrothermal temperature 90 ℃ and termination reaction at pH value around 5.0. At very low urea concentration, the product size distribution is highly inhomogeneous, however, at an excessively high concentration the product becomes larger and shorter and a mixture of OCP and hydroxyapatite (HA). Increasing the hydrothermal temperature is favorable to the fast precipitation of OCP, higher productivity and finer product.     

Parameter Optimization on Experimental Study to Reduce Ammonia Escape in CO2 Absorption by Ammonia Scrubbing

In order to research ammonia escape in CO₂ absorption by ammonia scrubbing, ammonia escape was studied in CO₂ absorption process using the bubbling reactor in different conditions as gas flow rate, CO₂ ratio, absorbent temperature and ammonia concentration and quantity of escaped ammonia was measured by chemical titration. The results indicated that, the amount of ammonia escape can be around 20% of original amount in 90 min and the escaped amount will increase with the rise of gas flow rate, absorbent temperature, concentration of ammonia while decrease as CO₂ ratio goes up. Through the analysis of the law of ammonia escape, at the same time, combined with ammonia escape and the influence of the relationship between the CO₂ absorption efficiency, reducing ammonia escape working condition parameter optimization is given.     

基于Aspen Plus的燃煤电厂CO_2捕集系统模拟分析

针对乙醇胺溶液(MEA)化学吸收法在实际应用中能耗高的问题,在分析传统MEA法CO_2捕集工艺基础上,提出由菲涅尔式太阳能热泵和燃煤机组烟气余热共同提供再生热量的CO_2捕集技术。利用Aspen Plus软件对新型MEA法CO_2捕集技术模拟分析,获得具有代表性的预测结果。结果表明新型MEA法CO_2捕集工艺可节约63.80%的热能,新型CO_2捕集系统再生塔内的温度分布曲线更为平滑,更有利于CO_2快速分离。     

二氧化碳管道运输系统优化模型及其应用

二氧化碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)作为能够实现煤化工行业温室气体大规模减排的前沿技术,已成为当前研究热点.而管道运输是该技术得以实施的关键环节,高昂运输成本是影响该技术大规模推广的主要因素.因此,通过开发煤化工二氧化碳(CO_2)捕集压缩、管道运输系统优化模型,实现CO_2管道运输系统内关键环节的工艺和技术优化配置,降低捕集压缩、运输及注入整个系统的总成本.将模型初步应用于陕西延长榆林煤化工CCUS项目,结果表明:当封存区域CO_2封存需求量小,而且能够在封存现场提供方便的液化压缩设备时,榆林能化煤化工企业可以采用气相压缩输送方案,并结合封存地点液化加压注入;对于大规模CO_2封存及运输需求时,推荐超临界/密相CO_2输送,能够有效减少封存区再次加压环节的成本,从而使整个流程更为经济.     

考虑界面过渡区及集料因素的水泥基材料碳化模型

集料和界面过渡区对水泥基材料抗碳化性能有显著影响。基于Fick第二定律,提出一种考虑集料和界面过渡区影响的CO₂扩散模型,模型中首次引入界面过渡区的扩散系数并给出相应参数的计算方法,并基于质量守恒定律给出CO₂反应模型,利用该模型研究荷载作用下C30和C50混凝土中CO₂的浓度分布。结果表明,考虑集料和界面过渡区影响能更准确地计算CO₂在水泥基材料中的扩散系数及碳化深度值。通过与文献中的试验数据进行比较,进一步验证了理论模型的可靠性。模型将集料和界面过渡区作为评价混凝土耐久性的重要因素,为钢筋混凝土结构的设计和寿命预测提供依据。     

Effects of CaO and Na<Subscript>2</Subscript>CO<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the reduction of high silicon iron ores

The effects of CaO and Na₂CO₃ on the reduction of high silicon iron ores at 1 250 °C were studied. The experimental results showed that the metallization rate was significantly hindered by the addition of CaO and Na₂CO₃, particularly at the early stage of roasting, compared to the rate without additives. In the absence of additives, iron oxides were quickly reduced to metallic iron, and fayalite was difficult to form. When CaO and Na₂CO₃ were added, the low reducible iron-containing silicate compounds formed and melted, subsequently retarding the metallization process. The inhibition of Na₂CO₃ was more noticeable than that of CaO, and higher Na₂CO₃ doses resulted in stronger inhibition of the increased metallization rate. However, when Na₂CO₃ was added prior to CaO, the liquid phase formed, which facilitated the growth of the metallic phase. To reinforce the separation of the metallic phase and slag, an appropriate amount of liquid phase generated during the reduction is necessary. It was shown that when 10% CaO and 10% Na₂CO₃ were added, a high metallization rate and larger metallic iron particles were obtained, thus further decreasing the required Na₂CO₃ dosage.     

Effect of CO2 on coal P-wave velocity under triaxial stressOA

As P-wave velocity is sensitive to the variations in coal reservoir parameters,it is possible to monitor the injected CO₂through P-wave velocity during CO₂sequestration in coal.However,the effects of CO₂on the coal P-wave velocity under triaxial stress are not clearly discerned.In the present study,different boundary conditions and gases were utilised to investigate the factors affecting the P-wave velocity after the interaction of coal with CO₂.Experi...     

2020年新冠疫情前后南昌市大气CO2浓度变化及影响因子分析

大气CO₂浓度的变化主要受源汇和大气传输过程影响,因此城市地区的浓度观测包含区域人为源排放的重要信息.为明晰2020年新冠疫情对CO₂浓度及人为源排放量的影响,本研究以南昌市大气CO₂为研究对象,结合先验排放清单和高精度大气传输模型,对南昌市2020年1月24日至4月30日的小时CO₂浓度进行了观测和模拟.基于当地管控政策把研究时段分为两段:一级管控期间(1月24日至3月11日)和二、三级控期间(3月12日至4月30日),并对排放源等主要影响因子进行了量化分析.研究发现:模型能够模拟CO₂浓度的小时变化特征,然而由于模型没有考虑排放源的高度信息,尤其是城市中的发电站烟囱等强点源,将对夜晚浓度高估,而正午(12:00-18:00)则无影响.一级管控期间正午CO₂浓度(干燥空气中CO₂的摩尔分数)观测值和模拟值分别为433.63×10^-6和438.22×10^-6,其中模拟的人为源浓度贡献值高于观测值约21.9%;而二、三级控期间的观测值和模拟值分别为432.06×10^-6和432.24×10^-6,其模拟一致性高.浓度对比结果表明所使用的先验排放清单能代表二、三级管控期间人为CO₂的排放量,而一级管控期间的排放量则偏高约21.9%,显示出调控措施明显降低了南昌市人为CO₂的总排放量.整个时间段植被NEE的平均CO₂浓度贡献都小于2×10^-6,表明人为源相较于NEE是导致CO₂浓度差异的主要因素.二、三级管控期间的边界层相比一级管控期间升高,减少了人为CO₂排放量导致的浓度增加幅度,抵消了背景值浓度升高的影响,是两个时间段的浓度观测值接近的主要因素.本研究结果可为城市尺度的温室气体反演提供科学支撑和方法参考.     

Atmospheric CO2 retrieval with a look-up-table based method by combining near and thermal infrared spectra

In order to precisely retrieve the atmospheric CO2 , a retrieval method based on both near infrared （NIR） and thermal infrared （TIR） is established firstly. Then a look-up-table （LUT） based fast line-by-line radiative transfer model （RTM） was integrated into the retrieval procedure to accelerate radiative transfer calculations. The LUT stores gas absorption cross-sections as a function of temperature, pressure and wavenumber. It could greatly reduce calculating time in radiative transfer compared to direct line-by-line method. Then retrieval was simulated using NIR, TIR and both bands. The retrieved CO2 profiles suggest joint approach could reconstruct CO2 profile better than those using NIR or TIR alone. Joint retrieval using both bands simultaneously could provide better constrain to CO2 vertical distribution in the whole troposphere.