谈居住区的植物配置

以博浩源小区为例,通过调查小区的绿化现状,分析了小区在绿化中存在的问题,进一步提出了小区植物配置优化方案和后期养护对策,以期为临汾小区的景观绿化提供一定的理论参考与借鉴。     

老旧小区综合整治后长效管理路径探索

老旧小区的综合整治关系到老旧小区自身功能的完善,与人们的日常生活有着密切的关系。老旧小区在实现整治之后,必须要进行长效管理,从而为居民提供安全、稳定、有序的小区环境,提升老旧小区的整体管理水平。因此,本文以南京市鼓楼区宁海路片区为例,探讨老旧小区整治后长效管理的问题,然后针对老旧小区的长效管理的路径进行了研究与分析,从而促进老旧小区的长远发展以及功能的完善。     

居住小区中体育休闲空间的发展趋势及其设计

探讨小区中体育休闲公共空间的规划设计的原则与措施,主要论述了小区中体育休闲空间设置的意义,如何与因林绿化相结合,体育休闲空间的发展趋势及其在小区环境中设置的措施,对如何进行小区中体育休闲空间的规划与设计作了理论上的研究与总结。     

园林建筑小品与小区景观搭配的研究

园林建筑小品与小区景观的搭配能够更好地实现小区的基本功能以及提升居住的舒适度。通过合理的搭配,两者能够实现相得益彰的效果,并更好地为小区居民服务。对建筑小品以及小区景观的概念与特点进行了分析,提出了园林建筑小品与小区景观之间的关系,并在此基础上分析了园林建筑小品与小区景观搭配的基本原则以及搭配的方法。     

基于室外风环境CFD模拟的建筑规划设计

立足于优化建筑小区规划设计的理念,介绍了如何建立适合建筑小区模拟的模型与相应的边界条件.通过建筑小区自然通风的CFD模拟实例,说明了评价室外风环境的方法,以及如何在建筑规划设计前期与建筑方案结合,及时评价小区风环境设计的合理性.建筑小区风环境CFD模拟在规划前期的介入,对建筑规划设计的优化具有指导建议.     

住宅单层平面形式与疫情密度关系研究——以新冠疫情暴发期高容积率小区为例

研究基于小区状况的大数据,统计与分析了新冠疫情暴发期间高容积率小区的住宅单层平面形式和小区的疫情状况。结果表明：在容积率高于2.5的住宅小区中,小区的容积率与疫情密度之间没有显著的相关性;小区的住宅单层平面形式与疫情密度之间具有显著的相关性,且塔式住宅小区的疫情密度要高于板式和复合式住宅小区。     

老旧小区整治改造绩效评价体系构建及应用

从过程与效率、产出与结果、影响与反馈等方面构建老旧小区整治改造绩效评价框架体系,并进一步构建由8个二级评价指标构成的老旧小区整治改造绩效评价指标体系。在此基础上,对江苏省老旧小区整治改造绩效案例进行分析,提出完善老旧小区整治改造工作的对策建议。     

福建省建筑与小区海绵城市技术应用分析

随着福建省内福州、厦门海绵城市试点工作的推进,建筑与小区的海绵化建设也已全面铺开。在海绵城市技术的应用过程中发现,适用于建筑与小区海绵城市建设的技术标准缺失较多,严重影响了建筑与小区的海绵化建设。此外海绵城市技术在建筑与小区内应用的过程中也暴露出了许多急需改进的问题,并严重影响了海绵设施的稳定运行。完善标准体系和改良建筑与小区内海绵城市技术已经成为海绵城市试点工作中重要的组成部分。     

小区绿化重要性及其合理设计与规划

小区是城市的基本单位,与人们的日常生活密切相关,其绿化好坏一定程度上影响着人们的生活质量,因此为给人们的生活营造良好的小区环境,有必要对小区绿化问题进行深入的探讨与研究。本文从小区绿化的重要性入手,分析了小区绿化工作中存在的问题,并对小区绿化提出了合理设计与规划,以期为提高小区绿化设计水平,创造小区良好居住环境提供借鉴意义。     

BIM技术在老旧小区改造中的应用

在当今社会经济不断发展之中,老旧小区的改造也得到了良好的进展。BIM技术的应用,使得老旧小区的改造工程更能顺利进行,实现了对老旧小区改造质量的良好保障。因此,BIM技术在老旧小区改造之中的应用也越来越受到人们的关注与重视,本文就是对BIM技术在老旧小区改造之中的应用进行分析。     

Cost effectiveness of nitrate leaching mitigation measures for grassland livestock systems at locations in England and Wales

As much as 60% of the nitrate in water in England is thought to derive from agriculture. Legislation aims to improve water quality by limiting nitrate concentration in surface and groundwaters to 50 mg l⁻¹. The UK Government responded to the requirements of the EC Nitrate Directive by delineating Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) to cover 55% of England in 2002 and increased it to 70% in 2009. In this study we assessed the cost-effectiveness of measures for implementation in livestock systems to mitigate nitrate leaching in the UK. These estimates were prepared for a range of hypothetical farms representative of typical dairy, beef and sheep farms at different locations in England and Wales and for a list of mitigation measures identified to reduce leaching. The NGAUGE and NFixCycle models were used to estimate leaching from these systems. The costs of implementation of the mitigation measures were also assessed in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these measures. In general, the most effective measures to reduce leaching for all systems were the ones that involved a reduction in stocking rates and grazing time, followed by those involving improvements in fertiliser and crop management. Only in the case of the dairy system was effectiveness affected by location of the farm. The costs for implementation in the sheep system were relatively low compared with beef and dairy systems. Implementation of some of the measures with high cost-effectiveness would need to be incentivised financially or with legislation due to the high costs involved.     

Use of iodide to enhance the phytoextraction of mercury-contaminated soil

Low bioavailability of mercury (Hg) in soil is a restricting factor in phytoextraction of Hg-contaminated soil. Iodide is known to mobilize Hg in soil and, therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to use iodide to increase phytoextraction of Hg. The sensitivity of willow to iodide was investigated in both hydroponics with 0-10 mM KI and in soil with 0.2 and 1 mM KI addition. The capacity to accumulate HgI(2) was compared with that of Hg(NO(3))(2) in hydroponics. Soil extractions with 0-2 mM KI were used to study mobilization of Hg in aged Hg-spiked soil. Additions of KI (0.2-1 mM) were used in pot tests with aged Hg-spiked soil as well as in field trials in an industrial Hg-contaminated soil to study whether iodide addition increased the accumulation of Hg from contaminated soil and the translocation of Hg to the shoots. The total Hg contents in plants, soils and extracts were analyzed by CVAAS. The results showed that too high KI concentration was toxic to plants. Moreover, KI was toxic to plants at lower concentrations in hydroponics than in soil additions. KI (85 microM) in hydroponics gave 50% growth decrease in terms of dry weight of shoot biomass, whereas 0.2 mM KI in soil addition could be tolerated by the plant without growth disturbance. Willow accumulated Hg from HgI(2) solution slower than that from Hg(NO(3))(2) solution. KI mobilized Hg in contaminated soil and thereby increased the bioavailability of Hg in soil. Up to 1 mM KI addition increased the Hg concentrations to about 5, 3 and 8 times, respectively, in the leaves, branches and roots. However, the Hg translocation to the shoots did not show an increase with KI addition. Only less than 1% of the total Hg accumulated in the plant was distributed in the shoots. We may conclude that iodide addition enhances the phytoextraction of Hg, however, the translocation of Hg to the shoots is still too low and therefore it will not be realistic to use this method for phytoextraction of Hg-contaminated soil in practice.     

Using large eddy simulation to study particle motions in a room

As people spend most of their time in an indoor environment, it is important to predict indoor pollutant level in order to assess health risks. As particles are an important pollutant indoors, it is of great interest to study the airflow pattern and particle dispersion in buildings. This study uses large eddy simulation (LES) to predict three-dimensional and transient turbulent flows and a Lagrangian model to compute particle trajectories in a room. The motion of three different types of solid particles in a decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulent airflow is calculated. By comparing the computed results with the experimental data from the literature, the computational method used in this investigation is found to be successful in predicting the airflow and particle trajectories in terms of the second-order statistics, such as the mean-square displacement and turbulent intensity. This Lagrangian model is then applied to the study of particles' dispersion in a ventilated cavity with a simplified geometry for two ventilation scenarios. It is shown that light particles follow the airflow in the room and many particles are exhausted, while heavier particles deposit to the floor or/and are exhausted. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this paper can be used to study dispersion of infectious diseases in enclosed spaces in which virus or bacteria are often attached to particles and transported to different rooms in a building through ventilation systems. In most of studies, the virus or bacteria have been considered to be gaseous phase so there is no slip between virus/bacteria and air. The results in this paper show that heavier particles are submitted to gravity and are sensitive to the ventilation strategy.     

Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold

The public health risk and economic impact of dampness and mold exposures was assessed using current asthma as a health endpoint. Individual risk of current asthma from exposure to dampness and mold in homes from W.J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez & M.J. Mendell [(2007) Indoor Air, [corrected] 17, 284-296], and [corrected] asthma risks calculated from additional studies that reported the prevalence of dampness and mold in homes were used to estimate the proportion of US current asthma cases that are attributable to dampness and mold exposure at 21% (95% confidence internal 12-29%). An examination of the literature covering dampness and mold in schools, offices, and institutional buildings, which is summarized in the Appendix, suggests that risks from exposure in these buildings are similar to risks from exposures in homes. Of the 21.8 million people reported to have asthma in the USA, approximately 4.6 (2.7-6.3) million cases are estimated to be attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home. Estimates of the national cost of asthma from two prior studies were updated to 2004 and used to estimate the economic impact of dampness and mold exposures. By applying the attributable fraction to the updated national annual cost of asthma, the national annual cost of asthma that is attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home is estimated to be $3.5 billion ($2.1-4.8 billion). Analysis indicates that exposure to dampness and mold in buildings poses significant public health and economic risks in the USA. These findings are compatible with public policies and programs that help control moisture and mold in buildings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need to control moisture in both new and existing construction because of the significant health consequences that can result from dampness and mold. This paper demonstrates that dampness and mold in buildings is a significant public health problem with substantial economic impact.     

The challenge of change for innovation in construction: A North Cyprus perspective

A vision of change for innovation within the perspective of revaluing the construction industry is essential to develop a culture of self-sustaining improvement, mutual recognition, respect and support in the long term in North Cyprus. The research attempts to put forward a case for a restructuring of the construction sector in order to deliver a step in change in quality of output and to realise maximum value to all clients, stakeholders and end users. The main objective of this study is to (1) determine current innovation practices and identify key issues that contribute to successful implementation (2) assess the existence and severity of barriers to change for innovation (3) propose solutions for overcoming barriers to change for innovation in construction industry and develop a framework to revaluate the construction industry. The research includes an extensive literature study, interviews with managers on the challenge of change for innovation in construction, analysis of this information to develop findings, and extending these to present the key strategic issues that could be targeted for revaluing the construction industry. The paper commences on understanding the firms’ own processes and detecting their weaknesses and strengths, determining the strategies and actions that should be made in the short term to adopt innovation practices and helping the North Cyprus construction industry to learn as a whole. The paper concludes how the drivers of change for innovation can offer benefits to construction firms in North Cyprus if appropriate strategies are adopted.     

Cholinesterase activities in the scallop Pecten jacobaeus: characterization and effects of exposure to aquatic contaminants

Nearshore marine environments of industrialized countries are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollution. It is therefore a priority task to investigate the sensitivity of new ecotoxicological warning signals of the occurrence and effects of aquatic pollutants. The main aims of the present study were: 1) to characterize the biochemical properties of ChEs in tissues of the bivalve Pecten jacobaeus, using different specific substrates and selective inhibitors; 2) to measure sensitivity of ChE activities to in vitro exposure to the OPs azamethiphos and DFP and to the heavy metals cadmium and zinc. Our final aim was to carry out a preliminary evaluation of the suitability of ChEs measurement in tissues of the scallop for monitoring marine environmental quality and neurotoxic compounds contamination in the Mediterranean Sea. Responses to specific inhibitors have suggested that ChEs in adductor muscle share many characteristics with vertebrate acetylcholinesterase. Dose-dependent inhibition of ChE was observed in response to in vitro exposure to environmental contaminants such as cadmium and azamethiphos. Sensitivity to zinc and DFP was lower. ChEs in P. jacobaeus might therefore have potential as a sensitive biomarker for monitoring marine pollution. Results of the present study will be useful to focus further experiment of exposure to pollutants under in vivo conditions. CAPSULE: Cholinesterase activities in scallop Pecten jacobaeus were observed to be sensitive to contaminants in vitro and may therefore have potential as biomarkers for monitoring water pollution.     

Afterword—gendering religious objects: placing them as agents in matrices of power

ABSTRACT

The articles in this special issue demonstrate how objects can be interpreted as agents, as gendered images that make a statement, and how their impacts can be understood and assessed by human actors. They are differentially placed in matrices of power, and they can be manipulated to shift genders, to play with gendered combinations, to expand the limits of a particular gendered domain, to creatively play with reproductive imagery, and even to sell commodities in new and enticing ways in the mass media. Gendered religious objects are “statements” addressed not only to the eye but to the emotions, and part of a complex cultural field in which things can play important roles in people's lives. The links that connect ritual power to other forms of agency and biographical significance are perhaps the most significant links that we need to examine to understand them better in a world of many diverse cultural forms.     

重庆购房户住宅需求取向分析

为了解决重庆房地产市场住宅市场供求不平衡这一个难题,我们提出了住宅产业化这个方案,但是在大规模的生产产业化住宅以前,首先必须知道重庆市居民对住宅的需求取向,正是因为这个原因,我们进行了一次问卷调查。问卷调查的目的是：摸清影响重庆市潜在购房户购房行为的因素,为重庆住宅产业化工程的实施构建一个模型。因此本文的目的就是：分析影响重庆市潜在购房户购房行为的因素,找出本市居民喜欢的住宅类型,我们研究组的总体研究目的是：立足于本地的资源,探索在重庆实施住宅产业化工程的可行性,如果可行,那么我们将在充分利用本地建筑材料的基础上,设计出切实可行的产业化住宅模型。在目前这个阶段,工作的重心是摸清重庆建筑业的概况,为下一步的研究铺平道路。而本文的中心是：找出本市居民喜欢的住宅类型。     

Soft contractualism? Facilitating institutional change in planning and development relations in Scotland

Devolution in the United Kingdom has involved the creation of different quasi-autonomous political administrations. As part of an attempt to encourage institutional learning, there has been a turn to concordats to facilitate cooperation on matters of shared concern, to communicate appropriately and in a timely way, to work in a helpful and open manner and to treat information in confidence. In parallel, the reform of statutory land-use planning systems in the devolved United Kingdom has involved debates around the need for a cultural change to implement a relatively more positive model of planning and development amongst the diversity of stakeholders which have similarly invoked new forms of public diplomacy. The Edinburgh Planning Concordat sets out in some detail the agreed step-by-step actions to be effected and the respective responsibilities of the local authority and developers at the different stages in the land-use planning process. Such anticipated cooperation and coordination in the land-use planning and property development community could suggest a stronger basis for decision making and the articulation of the public interest. Locating the discussion against the backdrop of devolution and planning reform in Scotland, and within theories of new contractualism, this article examines the rise of ‘soft’ forms of public diplomacy as a means to facilitate cultural change and planning reform.     

材料的重要性

《材料的重要性》是《景观设计理论》的一段节选。《景观设计理论》旨在不使用专业术语或其他领域假说的前提下,结合景观设计过程向学生介绍内在理论思想。《材料的重要性》是本书的五章之一。每一章针对特定理论,解释了其基础和来源,探讨了它对设计的重要性,列举了20—21世纪与其相关的设计案例,整理了该理论的辩论(尤其是有关现代和后现代思想),最后还有相关阅读材料清单和需要学生们思考的问题。本文分为如下3个部分：第一部分,物质性,介绍“辩证唯物主义”“媒介即信息”“物质实践”和“编码”等理论及其在设计中的运用;第二部分,通过“建构表达”“地貌代理人策略”“石材的面层”“材料的暗示”“人造,但不是伪造”等理论,介绍材料的真实性及其在设计中的运用;第三部分,复写理论及应用,包括“剩余物”“复写的展示性”“未来的复写”和“虚构的复写”等内容。