全光纤激光器光束质量的优化

基于激光器的结构,实验研究了影响光束质量的因素。搭建了百瓦级全光纤激光器,在最大泵浦功率为436 W的条件下,在1 080 nm处获得的激光输出为300 W,光-光转换效率为69%,光束质量M²为1.13。实验研究了谐振腔出射的激光光束在传能光纤中传输时径向功率分布的变化,结果显示：随着光束在光纤中传输距离的增加,光纤中的包层光功率呈现出先增加后保持不变的趋势,因而在传输距离上选择不同的长度对包层光进行剥除,可以获得不同的光束质量。实验还显示,在相同的泵浦条件下,与包层光剥离器设置在腔外相比,其设置在谐振腔内可获得更高的激光输出功率,但是光束质量较差。最后,采用在腔内腔外各加一个包层光剥离器的方法获得了更好的光束质量,此时M²为1.07。     

基于少模光纤的轴对称偏振光束的产生

首先介绍了轴对称偏振光束的基本概念以及特性,然后以少模光纤为模式转换器,通过旋转偏振控制器上光纤挤压器的旋钮对光纤中间部分施加压力,同时配合旋转光纤挤压器,以实验的方式获得了不同模式的轴对称偏振光束。通过调节偏振控制器以及输入光束和光纤的离轴状态,分别得到了径向偏振TM01模式,角向偏振TE01模式,奇数混合偏振HEodd21模式,偶数混合偏振HEeven21模式,以及线偏振HE11模式五种光纤所激发的模式。同时,还通过干涉实验中叉形光栅结构证明了相位奇点的存在。     

保偏光纤模场直径和数值孔径测试研究

基于光纤测量远场法原理测量光纤远场光强分布。通过改进远场法得到光纤的远场光强分布后,同时计算得到保偏光子晶体光纤的模场直径和数值孔径,使测量装置实现集成化和简便化。通过光束测试仪测量光纤的出射光强分布,光束测试仪测量的是光纤中心最大光强点的两个垂直方向上的光强分布。保偏光子晶体光纤的出射光斑是椭圆的,每个方向的模场直径、数值孔径分布并不相同。传统的测试方法不能解决这个问题。通过旋转光纤测量光纤各个方向上的光强分布,然后计算各个方向上的模场直径,最后通过拟合各个方向上的模场直径得到保偏光子晶体光纤椭圆形的模场分布。实验测得保偏光子晶体光纤椭圆光斑长短轴的模场直径分别为7.5μm和4.2μm,数值孔径分别为0.159和0.276。     

一种新型鼻咽癌诊断与定位的荧光成像装置

用传统鼻咽镜的白光光源传输系统 ,建立一套用于鼻咽癌诊断与定位的激光诱导药物荧光成像装置。给出了系统的光学整体设计方法 ,还包括激光器出射光束与光纤高效率耦合技术及同光轴非接触两光纤间的光束耦合技术。光学模型实验结果表明 :实验样机的灵敏度和成像衬比度都达到了临床应用的基本要求     

基于相位压缩原理的一种新型微分干涉仪

本文提出一种先进的微分式光纤干涉仪,充分利用了马赫-曾特尔光纤干涉仪和萨格纳克光纤干涉仪的共同优点,采用相位压缩原理,解决了普通双光束干涉仪线性范围窄的问题,对光纤双折射以及温度、振动等外界环境的干扰,有较好的抑制作用。     

大功率激光束光纤传输的实验研究

简要介绍目前光纤传输的概况。着重研究大功率激光束在三维空间的光纤传输的机制和影响因素。在传输机构设计、模式的选择及光束与光纤的耦合方面进行了探讨，以利于应用于机器人运动的操作。     

细光束扫描测量光纤预制棒折射率分布的研究

聚合物光纤预制棒的折射率决定了光纤的传输特性,精确测量光纤预制棒折射率分布非常必要.本文主要研究了一种新的测量方法--细光束扫描来测量光线预制棒的折射率分布.     

基于半导体激光短阵列的976 nm高功率光纤耦合模块

采用12只出射波长为976 nm的传导冷却半导体激光短阵列为发光单元,研制出了百瓦级高功率光纤耦合模块.首先,利用光束转换器(BTS)和柱透镜对每只半导体激光短阵列进行光束整形,使得快慢轴方向光束质量接近并且发散角相同;然后,应用空间合束技术将每6只半导体激光短阵列在垂直方向上叠加,形成一个激光组,并利用偏振分束器(PBS)将两个激光组偏振合束;最后利用优化设计的三片式聚焦镜将激光耦合到光纤中.实验结果表明:该光纤模块的连续输出激光功率可达418.9 W,光纤芯径仅为400 μm,数值孔径(NA)为0.22,由此可得到激光亮度为2.19 MW/(cm2·str).利用Matlab软件分析光纤出射的光束形貌为平顶分布,显示其适合用于金属材料的硬化和焊接等领域.最后测量了模块的光谱,电流从20 A增加到50 A时,激光的峰值波长漂移了6.8 nm,并且在50 A时光谱宽度为4.12nm,表明该光纤耦合模块散热良好.同其它类型激光器相比,本激光模块电光转换效率和出光功率高,适用于材料加工和泵浦光纤激光器等领域.     

金属涂覆多模光纤小电流传感器设计

常见的光纤电流传感器是基于法拉第旋光效应，主要用于高压大电流的测量且所用传感光纤为单模保偏光纤。利用多模光纤的微弯效应设计一种强制型小电流光纤传感器，通过检测光纤末端输出光束的光能量的变化 来实现小电流的检测。     

基于光纤的能见度测量方法

提出了一种利用前向散射光束和透射光束测量近地大气横向能见度的方法。以阶跃折射率光纤作为空间滤波器限制散射光束和透射光束接收的视场角以及前向散射测量光束和大气散射辐射的背景干扰;采用相关检测法,排除测量通道视场角内的大气背景干扰,提高洁净大气条件下散射光强度信号测量的信噪比;对测量装置结构进行优化设计,减小热形变的影响;另一方面引入阶跃折射率光纤,使投射到光电探测器接收表面的光束光斑位置保持不变,进一步减弱形变对测量精度的影响。能见度的值用散射光强度和透射光强度之比表示,光源强度的变化和光学元件的污染对测量的影响可不考虑。用此方法测得的能见度与按严格定义的透射法所测能见度的相关系数约为98.2％。     

An optical fibre sensor for on-line temperature control of germicidal microwave plasma powered UV lamps

A fluorescent optical fibre sensor is reported which is capable of monitoring the output of a high intensity microwave powered UV light source as well as being implemented as part of an on-line controller of the lamp output. The sensor is a fibre which has had its cladding removed and replaced with a phosphor doped polymer coating. Spectroscopic measurements are used to show that the control of the lamp temperature is important in determining the optimum output power and dominant emission wavelength. The optical fibre sensor provides a practical means of lamp output control in this harsh electrical environment.     

Real time mass flow rate measurement using multiple fan beam optical tomography

This paper presents the implementing multiple fan beam projection technique using optical fibre sensors for a tomography system. From the dynamic experiment of solid/gas flow using plastic beads in a gravity flow rig, the designed optical fibre sensors are reliable in measuring the mass flow rate below 40% of flow. Another important matter that has been discussed is the image processing rate or IPR. Generally, the applied image reconstruction algorithms, the construction of the sensor and also the designed software are considered to be reliable and suitable to perform real-time image reconstruction and mass flow rate measurements.     

光纤传感技术的研究现状与展望

介绍了光纤传感器的基本原理，总结了光纤传感器对传统的仪器仪表工业的促进作用，指出了光纤传感器研究中存在的问题及发展趋势。     

Photoelectronic displacement sensor with nanometre resolution

The design of an ultraprecision displacement sensor with sub-nanometre resolution is proposed for the use of ultraprecision technologies. The sensor is based on the highly sensitive detection of power change at a specific point in light reflected from an object surface when the surface is subject to a small displacement. The sensor consists of a single light source, the reflective object and reference surfaces, optical fibre bundles for tranmission of the illuminating and the reflected light, and the photodiode set-up. In operation, the object and the reference surfaces are illuminated by light transmitted through the optical fibre bundle from the single light source. The reflected light from both surfaces is then transmitted through the optical fibre bundle to two individual but equivalent photodiodes. By using a differential amplifier, the diodes give a highly sensitive displacement signal which is included in the total signal of the reflected light. The sensor proposed has some distinctive features in its performance, such as non-contact measurement, a high resolution of 0.5 nm, a wide working range of about 30 μm within 5% linearity, and the sufficient stability of 1 nm in 20 s for specific research purposes.     

干涉法激光-光纤表面粗糙度传感器设计

根据光波的干涉原理,在分析了现有光纤表面粗糙度传感器某些缺陷的基础上,设计了新型干涉型激光－光纤表面粗糙度传感器,为新型非接触式表面粗糙度测量提供了新方法。     

Non-optical tip–sample distance control method for scanning near-field optical microscopy using a piezoresistive micro cantilever

A piezoresistive micro cantilever is applied to monitor the displacement of an optical fibre probe and to control tip–sample distance. The piezoresistive cantilever was originally made for a self-sensitive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe and has dimensions of 400 µm length, 50 µm width and 5 µm thickness with a resistive strain sensor at the bottom of the cantilever. We attach the piezoresistive cantilever tip to the upper side of a vibrating bent optical fibre probe and monitor the resistance change amplitude of the strain sensor caused by the optical fibre displacement. By using this resistance change to control the tip–sample distance, the two-cantilever system successfully provides topographic and near-field optical images of standard samples in a scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM)/AFM system. A resonant characteristic of the two-cantilever system is also simulated using a mechanical model, and the results of simulation correspond to the experimental results of resonance characteristics.     

Fibre-optic two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopy

Two geometries of a novel two‐photon fluorescence microscope incorporating single‐mode fibre optics for the delivery of ultrashort‐pulsed illumination to a remote sample are characterized. First, a 785 nm single‐mode optical fibre is implemented in a scanning microscope, which demonstrates that an improvement in axial resolution is achieved due to the non‐linear response of the fibre to intense ultrashort‐pulsed light. Second, a 785 nm single‐mode optical fibre coupler is adapted, in which case spectral broadening and blue shifting of the ultrashort‐pulsed laser beam caused by the non‐linear response of the fibre to ultrashort‐pulsed illumination are experimentally characterized. An investigation into the impact of temporal broadening of the ultrashort‐pulsed beam on the systems is also considered. The coupling efficiency of both geometries for various illumination wavelengths is also presented. The introduction of the fibre coupler to the system has significant advantages, including an improved optical sectioning effect and a reduction in the number of bulk optical components resulting in a low‐cost, compact instrument. Sets of three‐dimensional images of fluorescent polymer microspheres and biological material confirm these features.     

差分吸收式光纤NO2气体传感器

NO2是对人体有害的毒性气体，NO2的工业污染问题日益突出，NO2指标呈增长趋势，因此，快速、实时检测NO2浓度对于防治环境污染，保护环境和人体健康都具有重大意义。基于NO2的光谱吸收特性，设计了一种检测NO2浓度的光纤传感系统，采用双波长差分检测技术有效消除了由光源、光纤和传感头的不稳定所引起的检测误差，提高了检测灵敏度。并且可以将传感头放入NO2浓度较高的环境下进行经济、实时、安全的测量，避免了人体进入恶劣环境所造成的伤害。     

STUDY ON THE OPTICAL FLAT PROFILE HIGH PRECISION MEASURING TECHNOLOGY IN THE METHOD OF LASER DATUM

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A multi-point optical fibre sensor for condition monitoring in process water systems based on pattern recognition

Preliminary results are presented for a multi-point optical fibre sensor designed to detect the presence of chemical species in water at spatial intervals of greater than 20 m. The sensor is addressed using optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a spatial resolution of 10 m. The optical signals arising from the OTDR are highly complex due to interfering effects from external parameters such as localised fibre straining and temperature changes. Because of this level of complexity it has been found advantageous to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) as classifiers on the OTDR signals. The preliminary system has been trained initially to recognise only the presence of water, although it is planned to extend this capability to recognise the presence of contaminants in the water such as bacteria and chemical pollutants. Initial investigations show that different contaminants and interfering parameters (cross-sensitivities) may give rise to characteristic signatures on the OTDR signal which may be identified by the pattern recognition software.