小麦赤霉病防治药剂筛选结果初报

对4种药剂进行了防治小麦赤霉病的田间试验。结果表明:小麦初花期用药1次,50%多·酮WP 1050~3150 g/hm2、25%氰烯菌酯SC 1500~3000 mL/hm2及25%戊唑醇EW 1200mL/hm2防效均超过70%,明显高于25%戊唑醇EW其它处理和25%咪鲜胺EC防效;小麦初花期和盛花期各用药1次,防效进一步提高,50%多·酮WP和25%氰烯菌酯SC各处理防效均在88%以上,与25%咪鲜胺EC、25%戊唑醇EW药剂处理间差异极显著。在赤霉病流行年份,50%多·酮WP、25%氰烯菌酯SC是防治小麦赤霉病的有效药剂。     

小麦赤霉病防治适期初探

为探讨小麦赤霉病防治适期,2016年采用氰烯菌酯等药剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,40%多·酮可湿性粉剂在齐穗期或扬花初期施用防效无显著差异,对小麦赤霉病均有一定的抑制作用。25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂、48%氰烯·戊唑醇悬浮剂在小麦扬花初期施用的效果较在齐穗期施用的效果好,病穗率防效分别为69.84%、64.47%,病指防效分别为79.24%、75.60%。     

6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对小麦茎基腐病的田间防效

[目的]明确6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对小麦茎基腐病的田间药效,为实际生产应用提供理论依据。[方法]供试药剂6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂使用剂量为100 g/15kg(种子)、对照药剂4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂使用剂量为50 g/15kg(种子)和空白对照(清水)于小麦播种前拌种处理;供试药剂6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂使用剂量为1.5 kg/hm2、对照药剂4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂使用剂量为0.75 kg/hm2和空白对照(清水)于小麦返青期叶面喷雾处理。[结果]6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂处理后,小麦苗期的株高、根长、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重和产量分别为28.78 cm、7.51 cm、3.52 g、0.44 g、1357.56 kg,与对照药剂4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂处理组均有显著性提高。6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂处理后对小麦茎基腐病出苗期、拔节期和灌浆期的田间药效分别为72.73%、76.81%、77.24%,同一时期与对照药剂的田间防效均没有显著性差异。[结论]6%井冈霉素·枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对小麦茎基腐防效较好,同时具有促进小麦幼苗的生长以及增加小麦产量的作用。该药剂无毒无污染,可以减少化学农药的使用,在小麦茎基腐病治理中具有重要的推广潜力。     

6种杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病示范防治效果的研究

为了筛选防治小麦纹枯病的高效药剂,对生产上常用的6种药剂进行了示范研究。试验结果表明:药后50 d,6种药剂对小麦纹枯病病指防效在46.08%~93.14%之间。240 g/L噻呋酰胺SC 150 m L/hm2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 150 g/hm2对小麦纹枯病的防效在90%以上,持效期长。20%井冈霉素AF 375 g/hm2的防效为85.95%,该药剂成本较低,可以在小麦纹枯病发生初期与240 g/L噻呋酰胺SC、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG交替使用。75%戊唑·嘧菌酯WG 150 g/hm2药后30,50 d的病指防效均在70%以上,在纹枯病轻发年份可考虑使用。     

多粘类芽孢杆菌-甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配对小麦赤霉病的室内毒力及田间药效评价

为明确多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配对小麦赤霉病病原菌的联合毒力及最佳配比下的田间防效，采用平皿法测定了多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌及其不同比例混合物对小麦赤霉病病原菌的生物活性，并通过田间药效试验评价了其对小麦赤霉病的防效。多粘类芽孢杆菌和甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配比为2∶1时，增效作用最显著，增效系数为1.92。田间药效结果显示，400亿孢子/g多粘类芽孢杆菌·甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对小麦赤霉病防效较好，使用剂量为20～40 m L/667 m²时，防治效果均可达到75%以上，试验期间，各药剂处理对小麦生长无影响、无药害，对其他非靶标生物无不良影响。400亿孢子/g多粘类芽孢杆菌·甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂可作为防控小麦赤霉病的有效药剂。     

15%炔草酸可湿性粉剂防治小麦田杂草药效试验

对15%炔草酸可湿性粉剂防治小麦田杂草进行了田间药效试验。试验结果表明,15%炔草酸可湿性粉剂200～300g/hm2茎叶处理30d对禾本科杂草的株防效可达81.2%～86.6%,45d平均鲜重防效达86.2%～90.1%,平均增产15%,且对小麦安全。     

杀菌剂施药时期和次数对小麦赤霉病的防效和DON、ZEN毒素的影响

为探求对小麦赤霉病防效好且对镰刀菌毒素控制较好的药剂,笔者用7种杀菌剂,分别在穗期开展防治1遍和2遍试验.结果表明,用25％氰烯菌酯SC 1800 mL/hm2、600 g/L戊唑·百菌清SC 600 g/hm2、50％叶菌唑WDG 240 g/hm2、48％丙硫菌唑SC 600 mL/hm2防治2遍,对小麦赤霉病和D...     

新型生物杀螨剂NBIF-001对柑橘全爪螨的田间防治效果

[目的]为明确新型生物杀螨剂NBIF-001对柑橘全爪螨的田间应用效果。[方法]参照标准田间药效试验方法进行田间药效试验。[结果]NBIF-001 200亿可湿性粉剂(有效成分含量1500、750、500、375 g a.i./hm2)对全爪螨的防效分别为93.30%、75.27%、35.45%、-61.75%,800亿原药(375 g a.i./hm2)防效为46.82%;15%哒螨灵乳油(有效成分含量225 g a.i./hm2)防效为71.05%。此外,NBIF-001对成螨虫体具有裂解作用,药剂浓度越高,裂解程度越高。[结论]NBIF-001防效高、药效快、持效期长,是防治柑橘全爪螨的理想药剂。     

5种除草剂对吉林省春小麦田杂草防除效果研究

为了考察5种除草剂对吉林省春小麦田杂草的防除效果,并评价其对小麦的安全性,采用茎叶喷雾、定期调查的方法进行田间药效试验。结果表明,春小麦4～6叶期,茎叶喷施40%唑草酮水分散粒剂24.0 g/hm2(有效成分用量,下同)、10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂13.5 g/hm2、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油180.0 g/hm2,施药后30 d对阔叶杂草的综合防效分别为83.1%、84.7%、90.6%;茎叶喷施69 g/L精唑禾草灵水乳剂67.5 g/hm2、15%炔草酯可湿性粉剂45.0 g/hm2,施药后30 d对禾本科杂草的综合防效分别为90.7%、86.8%。5种药剂对春小麦生长较安全,与人工铲除杂草相比,增产0.31%～1.56%。     

4种药剂对螺旋粉虱的田间药效试验

选用20%烯啶虫胺乳油、25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂、20%丁硫克百威乳油、25%吡虫啉·异丙威(吡虫啉50 g/kg、异丙威200 g/kg)可湿性粉剂4种杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱进行田间药效试验.结果表明:25%吡虫啉.异丙威C的防效最好,且具有良好的速效性和持久性,是防治螺旋粉虱的理想药剂;其次为20%烯啶虫胺乳油、200 g/L丁硫克百威乳油,25%吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂对于螺旋粉虱成虫的防效最差,不适合防治螺旋粉虱.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。