5种杀虫剂对柑橘锈壁虱的田间药效评价

[目的]明确5种杀虫剂对柑橘锈壁虱的防治效果和使用技术,并评估药剂对柑橘的安全性。[方法]分别于2020、2021年开展了5种药剂对柑橘锈壁虱的田间药效试验。[结果]20%呋虫胺悬浮剂100.0 mg/L的防效在药后1 d为73.54%～75.51%,药后14 d达到最高,为86.48%～90.30%;50 g/L虱螨脲乳油25.0 mg/L、10%虱螨脲悬浮剂33.3 mg/L、20%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂16.7 mg/L的防效在药后21 d达到最佳,分别为83.51%～84.79%、87.19%～89.98%、86.17%～88.00%,其中10%虱螨脲悬浮剂和20%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂的防效在药后28 d仍维持在80%以上。[结论]上述4种药剂的防效均显著优于1.8%阿维菌素乳油。20%呋虫胺悬浮剂的速效性较好,10%虱螨脲悬浮剂和20%阿维菌素·虱螨脲悬浮剂持效性更佳,可在柑橘上优先推荐使用。     

14%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂的高效液相色谱分析

利用高效液相色谱仪,以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水（体积比85∶15）为流动相,使用C18为填料的不锈钢柱和DAD检测器,在254nm波长下对14%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂中的有效成分进行定性和定量分析。该方法条件下,虫螨腈、虱螨脲的相关系数、标准偏差、变异系数以及加标回收率等方法学验证指标均满足相应要求,证明该方法适用于虫螨腈和虱螨脲复配而成的农药制剂分析。     

10%虱螨脲悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇+水为流动相,使用XDB-C18、5μm为填料的不锈钢柱和二极管阵列检测器,在220 nm波长下对10%虱螨脲悬浮剂进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该分析方法下,虱螨脲的线性相关系数为0.9996;标准偏差为0.021;变异系数为0.21%;平均回收率为99.83%。     

10种杀虫剂对花椰菜鳞翅目主要害虫的防治效果

为筛选防治花椰菜鳞翅目主要害虫的有效药剂,2018年开展田间防治试验。结果表明,16%虫肼·茚虫威乳油和35%甲氧·茚虫威悬浮剂速效性和持效性良好,药后1 d、10 d防效均大于85%。11%甲维·虱螨脲微乳剂、10亿PIB/mL苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂和10%顺式氯氰菊酯·虱螨脲乳油的持效性较好,其药后10 d的防治效果均大于90%。推荐使用茚虫威和虫酰肼、甲氧虫酰肼的复配制剂防治花椰菜鳞翅目害虫。     

虱螨脲在韭菜与土壤中的残留分析及膳食风险评估

[目的]研究虱螨脲在韭菜和土壤中的残留和消解动态。[方法]样品中的虱螨脲用乙腈提取,采用QuEChERS法净化,通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定虱螨脲的残留量。[结果]韭菜和土壤中虱螨脲的回收率为73.0%～89.5%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～10.4%。虱螨脲在韭菜和土壤中的半衰期分别为1.6 d和37.5～40.4 d,韭菜和土壤中的最终残留量分别为0.010～0.080 mg/kg和0.373～5.384 mg/kg,虱螨脲的风险商值为1.32×10-3,远低于1,为可接受风险。[结论]根据研究结果,建议我国虱螨脲在韭菜中的MRL值为0.1 mg/kg,且使用1%虱螨脲颗粒剂时的推荐施药剂量的高剂量22 500 g/hm2(225 g a.i./hm2),施药次数为1次,安全间隔期为7 d。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定甘蓝中虱螨脲和顺式氯氰菊酯的残留量

建立了高效液相色谱法同时检测甘蓝中虱螨脲和顺式氯氰菊酯残留的方法。使用乙腈提取,高效液相色谱检测,外标法定量。方法的线性范围为0.05～5.00 mg·L~(-1),虱螨脲相关系数为0.999 4,顺式氯氰菊酯相关系数为0.999 4。在0.05、 0.10、 1.00、 5.00 mg·kg~(-1) 4个添加水平下,甘蓝中虱螨脲和顺式氯氰菊酯的平均回收率分别为87.3%～101.9%和89.4%～105.2%,相对标准偏差分别为2.61%～9.16%和3.35%～8.57%,定量限均为0.05 mg·kg~(-1)。该方法可用于同时检测甘蓝虱螨脲和顺式氯氰菊酯的残留量。     

虱螨脲在番茄、菜豆中的残留动态

应用高效液相色谱进行分析虱螨脲在番茄、菜豆中的残留降解动态和最终残留.虱螨脲的最小检出量为2×10-9g,在番茄、菜豆中的最低检测限均为0.03 mg/kg,在番茄、菜豆中的添加回收率分别为82.1%～101.8%和82.9%～102.5%,相对标准偏差分别为2.86%～9.08%和3.91%～8.87%.虱螨脲在番茄、菜豆中的降解符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为7.2、6.7 d.     

新型杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的防治效果

[目的]评估3种新型杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的防效。[方法]通过室内盆栽试验和田间药效试验,评价3种杀螨剂对山楂叶螨的防效。[结果]43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂和20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂在药后3、5、7、14 d田间防治效果均高于85%,药后21 d田间螨口减退率在97%以上,表现出良好的速效性及持效性。110 g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂对害螨的速效性较差,但持效性好,药后21 d田间螨口减退率高于90%。[结论]43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂、20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂和110 g/L乙螨唑是防治山楂叶螨有效药剂,可在大田适当轮换使用。     

45%甲维·虱螨脲水分散粒剂高效液相色谱分析

本研究建立了一种采用高效液相色谱法同时测定45%甲维·虱螨脲水分散粒剂中甲维盐和虱螨脲含量的定量分析方法。该方法使用C18色谱柱为固定相,以甲醇∶乙腈∶水+氨水=45∶40∶15(V/V)+0.1%氨水为流动相,在UV检测器检测波长为254 nm的色谱条件下对样品进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,在此条件下甲维盐和虱螨脲的分离度较好,方法的线性相关系数分别为0.996和0.998(R²>0.99);相对标准偏差分别为0.82%和0.45%;平均回收率分别为98.67%和100.16%。该方法的分离效果、线性关系、精密度和准确度良好,可有效用于复配产品中甲维盐和虱螨脲的分析检测。     

LC-MS/MS法分析8%高氯·虱螨脲乳油

建立一种LC-MS/MS分析方法同时分离测定复配乳油中的高效氯氰菊酯和虱螨脲。方法以10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液+甲醇为流动相,使用Agilent Eclipse Plus-C_(18)色谱柱,对试样中高效氯氰菊酯和虱螨脲进行测定,外标法定量。高效氯氰菊酯和虱螨脲的线性相关系数分别为0.993和0.999,标准偏差分别为0.06和0.04,变异系数分别为2.45%和3.22%,平均回收率分别为110.28%和93.98%。该方法具有操作简便、快速,分离效果好,准确度和精确度高的特点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。