氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的田间防治效果

[目的]明确240g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对褐飞虱的田间控制作用及最佳使用剂量。[方法]采用田间喷雾法,对氟啶虫胺腈37.5、50、75、100 ga.i./hm2四种不同剂量处理防治褐飞虱效果进行试验研究。[结果]240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂37.5、50ga.i./hm2两种剂量处理,药后1~3 d对褐飞虱的防效为51.42%~68.51%,药后7~14 d的防效为61.00%~79.10%,与对照药剂25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂112.5ga.i./hm2剂量处理相比,速效性相当,但持效性差;而75、100ga.i./hm2两种剂量处理,药后1~3 d防效为67.18%~74.11%,药后7~14 d防效为81.26%~89.22%,与对照药剂25%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂112.5ga.i./hm2剂量处理相比,速效性更好,而持效性相当。[结论]240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂75~100 ga.i./hm2剂量喷雾处理,能有效控制褐飞虱的发生为害,可供生产上推广应用。     

五种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的田间防效评价

甜菜夜蛾是危害蔬菜的重要害虫。用10%溴虫腈SC 750mL/hm2、3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG 125g/hm2、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC 150mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 900mL/hm2、18g/L阿维菌素450 mL/hm2防治甜菜夜蛾,结果表明,10%溴虫腈SC速效性和持效性均最好,药后1d和7d的防效分别高达96.76%和97.93%;18g/L阿维菌素EC速效性较差,持效性较好,药后1d、7d防效分别为27.18%和87.02%。其余3种药剂均具有较好的速效性和持效性,药后1d防效均在60%以上,药后7d防效均在85%以上。     

氟啶虫胺腈对水稻褐飞虱的室内杀虫活性及田间药效

[目的]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验评价氟啶虫胺腈原药以及22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对水稻褐飞虱的杀虫活性及田间防治效果。[方法]分别采用稻茎浸渍法和常规喷雾法进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]氟啶虫胺腈和吡虫啉原药对水稻褐飞虱的LC50值分别为3.52、1.60 mg/L,LC90值分别为31.27、21.50 mg/L,表明氟啶虫胺腈与吡虫啉对褐飞虱均具有较好的毒杀作用。22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂用量50、75、100 g a.i./hm2于药后3 d的防效达61.6%～97.1%,具有较好的速效性,药后7～14 d的防效达84.2%～99.2%,表现出较好的持效性。[结论]22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂是防治水稻褐飞虱的较好药剂,推荐用量50～75 g a.i./hm2,重点喷施水稻茎基部。     

几种新烟碱类杀虫剂对褐飞虱的防效及用药技术研究

田间试验表明．10％烯啶虫胺AS、25％噻虫嗪WG和10％氯噻啉WP等三种新烟碱类杀虫剂防治五代褐飞虱,10％烯啶虫胺AS表现出良好的速效性和持效性,药后3～21d对褐飞虱防效分别在83．3％～100％,25％噻虫嗪WG速效性较差但持效性理想．药后3～21d对褐飞虱防效分别在55．9％～90％,10％氯噻啉WP防效不佳。对褐飞虱的防治技术进行了探讨,提出了褐飞虱的防治应贯彻“治前控后”的策略,做好药剂的交替使用,延缓褐飞虱抗药性的产生。     

吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行了吡虫啉替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验表明,10 d后5%氟虫腈SC 750 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱·氟虫腈EC 900 mL/hm2和25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱和灰飞虱的防效均超过80%,对白背飞虱的防效超过75%,而10%吡虫啉WP 600 g/hm2对飞虱的防效小于50%;示范试验表明,10 d后3种药剂对稻飞虱的防效依次分别为82.6%、85.2%和76.9%,15 d后对麦田灰飞虱的防效分别为83.9%、79.9%和82.4%,明显好于吡虫啉.因此,氟虫腈、毒死蜱·氟虫腈和吡蚜酮可以作为吡虫啉的替代药剂,并就3种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

乙虫腈和吡蚜酮防治稻飞虱试验效果评价

灰飞虱和褐飞虱是为害海安县水稻的主要飞虱种群,近年来有加重发生的趋势,目前大部分药剂对其已产生较明显的抗性。10％乙虫腈和25％吡蚜酮是目前防治这两种飞虱比较理想的药剂,10％乙虫腈SC使用剂量为60-75ga．i．／hm^2时,其对褐飞虱20d的防效保持在85％以上,而当25％吡蚜酮WP使用剂量为75～93．75ga．i．／hm^2时,其对灰飞虱和褐飞虱均具有较好的持效性。     

吡蚜酮与异丙威复配对褐飞虱的增效作用和田间防治

室内生测结果表明:吡蚜酮与异丙威质量比为1∶2,对褐飞虱3龄若虫具有较高的生物活性,其LC50值为11.01 mg/L,共毒系数为166.65,表现出明显的增效作用;按此配比加工成30%吡蚜·异丙威WP(有效成分:吡蚜酮10%、异丙威20%).田间防治结果表明:该混剂对褐飞虱表现出良好的速效性和持效性.药后3 d,30%吡蚜·异丙威WP 450～600 g/hm2对褐飞虱若虫的防治效果为90.83%～94.94%,药后21 d,30%吡蚜·异丙威WP 450～600 g/hm2对褐飞虱若虫的防治效果仍有87.60%～89.32%,均好于对照药剂吡蚜酮、异丙威对褐飞虱的防治效果.从防效和经济的角度考虑,30%吡蚜·异丙威WP推荐剂量为450 g/hm2,防治适期宜在褐飞虱若虫高峰期.     

氟虫腈替代药剂的田间筛选试验

进行氟虫腈替代药剂的田间筛选试验.小区试验结果表明:药后10 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 1 200 mL/hm2、25%吡蚜酮WP 300 g/hm2对褐飞虱的防效分别为89.3%、82.2%、83.4%,对灰飞虱的防效分别为90.1%、85.4%、86.2%.药后15 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2、48%毒死蜱EC 1 200 mL/hm2、1.8%阿维菌素EC 1 500 mL/hm2和1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐EC 1 500 mL/hm2对稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果分别为97.7%、87.2%、97.5%、98.1%,杀虫效果分别为98.8%、89.8%、100%、100%.示范试验表明:药后10 d,15%阿维菌素·毒死蜱EC 900 mL/hm2和48%毒死蜱EC 1200 mL/hm2对稻飞虱的防效分别为78.4%和76.9%;对纵卷叶螟的保叶效果分别为84%和80.7%,杀虫效果分别为87.6%和80.4%.阿维菌素·毒死蜱和毒死蜱可作为氟虫腈兼治稻飞虱和纵卷叶螟的替代药剂,吡蚜酮可作为氟虫腈防治稻飞虱的替代药剂,阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐可作为氟虫腈防治稻纵卷叶螟的替代药剂.并就几种替代药剂的合理使用进行了探讨.     

氟硅菊酯对水稻褐飞虱的生物活性及田间防治效果

室内生测结果表明:氟硅菊酯对褐飞虱3龄若虫的LC50值为9.98 mg/L,与吡蚜酮相比,氟硅菊酯对褐飞虱3龄若虫的LC50值是吡蚜酮的14.14倍;田间试验结果表明:氟硅菊酯具较好的速效性、持效性,药后3 d,5%氟硅菊酯EC(制剂用量)1500～4 500 mL/hm2对褐飞虱的防治效果为76.39%～94.00%,药后21 d,5%氟硅菊酯EC(制剂用量)3000～4500 mL/hm2对褐飞虱的控制效果仍有73.88%～89.22%,因此从防效和经济的角度考虑,5%氟硅菊酯EC控制褐飞虱最佳制剂用量为3000～4500 mL/hm2,防治适期宜在褐飞虱低龄若虫高峰期.     

7种杀虫剂对茄子西花蓟马的防治效果

[目的]筛选有效防治茄子西花蓟马的杀虫剂。[方法]选取5种化学药剂和2种生物药剂,采用随机区组排列设计,评价常规手动喷雾条件下,各药剂在不同质量浓度下对茄子西花蓟马的田间防治效果。[结果与结论]药后1、3、7 d,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC、40%氟虫·乙多素WG、5.7%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐WG和10%虫螨腈SC防治西花蓟马的速效性和持效性明显优于其他药剂,防效可达82.49%～97.85%,可科学轮换用于蓟马防治。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.