基于FPGA的数字波形发生器

数字波形发生器基于FPGA设计,VHDL编程实现,集成在 1片Xilinx公司的SpartanⅡ系列XC2S10 0PQ2 0 8芯片上。核心技术是直接数字频率合成技术。芯片集成了固定分频器、正弦波合成器、三角波、矩形波与锯齿波发生器,波形选择模块和键盘控制模块,其输出的 8位数据通过D/A转换并经功率放大后即得所需波形。通过改变相位步进调节频率,可从 10Hz～ 30kHz等步进调节,最小步进 10Hz;通过改变D/A电阻网络的基准电压调幅度。系统频率范围宽,频率和幅度精度高     

大功率造波机中驱动技术的研究现状与展望*

造波机是实现造波模拟的核心基础装备。在综合分析国内外试验水池与造波技术的现状与研究进展的基础上,结合工程实际的需要,指出现有造波机在一定频率范围下振幅保持和精确控制等方面的问题,提出应用于造波机的新型液压驱动技术。新型的造波技术能更好地模拟大功率波浪,其关键技术是通过电动机带动阀芯旋转、液流高频转换使得液压缸运动换向,以实现造波频率和振幅的控制。为了更好地重现海况中的大功率波浪和更为真实模拟有关波浪与建筑物相互作用,探索基于电液转阀控制驱动的造波方法是未来大功率造波试验的重要研究方向。     

基于双DDS的高速任意波发生器实现技术

提出了一种基于双 DDS(Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer)的高速任意波发生器实现技术。在利用 FPGA实现DDS的基础上 ,使用两路 DDS分别产生主波形和调制波形 ,方便地实现两个任意波信号的幅度调制 ;同时 ,通过调制波形数据实时控制主 DDS的频率控制字 ,用数字的方法直接实现波形的各种频率调制。并重点对高速相位累加器、调频和扫频等功能进行了详细的分析和设计 ,最后给出了实验及应用结果     

精密光学斩波控制器设计

光学斩波控制器用于对光谱测量中入射光进行斩波调制,使入射光变为按一定频率变化的光信号,并提供参考频率信号,使后续锁相放大器对单色仪分光后的光信号进行锁相放大,实现对微弱光信号的检测。精密光学斩波控制器是微弱光信号测量中的关键部件之一,其斩波频率的稳定度及精确度是影响微弱信号放大的关键因素。以ARM单片机为核心,通过对斩波轮进行高精度转速测量,以分段式增量PID实现直流电机的PWM闭环控制,最终实现斩波轮转速的精密控制。实际应用表明,将该斩波器生成的脉冲作为锁相放大器的参考信号得到了令人满意的效果。     

焊接逆变电源数字控制的分析

针对传统电焊机的交流电压的频率为电网频率50Hz的工作特点,其工作效率低,焊接效果差,耗电多等缺点.本文设计了焊接逆变电源的数字控制,通过数字控制实现电焊机逆变电源输出交流电压的频率,其实现方法是通过改变单相逆变器SPWM的调制波的频率,从而改变输出交流电压的频率.通过理论分析和DSP数字控制实验验证了该控制系统的稳定性和可靠性,并能适时的改变逆变电源输出交流电压的频率,该方法能提高焊接的效率、降低能源,提高焊接质量.     

超声导波在圆管结构损伤定位中的应用

针对结构损伤会影响超声导波传播,提出基于超声导波无损检测的结构健康监测方法。以内径为174mm、外径为194mm、材料为20~#碳钢的圆管结构为例,根据频散方程利用数值法求解其纵向模态以及周向Lamb波频散曲线。同时考虑其频散曲线和波的结构,确定激励频率中心频率为80kHz。在此基础上进行有限元仿真,验证圆管中导波的传播机理及特征。针对此频率圆管纵向模态导波以及周向Lamb波的频散特性、波的结构比较接近,且都与板中的Lamb波相似,从而提出了单点激励、多点接收,并采用椭圆定位的方法,实现圆管结构损伤定位。通过仿真和实验验证该方法对切槽、圆孔等损伤的识别效果,并对损伤定位误差的影响因素进行了分析。     

基于AD9834的高性价比信号发生器设计

该信号发生器基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术,能够输出多种信号(正弦波、三角波、矩形波).在由集成DDS芯片产生的信号基础上,通过自行设计高分辨率程控放大器,实现了对频率、相位及幅值等参数的程控.占空比调节电路设计新颖,其可调范围宽、精度高.整个系统操作方便、实用、性价比高.     

基于AT89S51函数信号发生器的设计

函数信号发生器可以产生方波、三角波和正弦波信号。文中以AT89S51单片机为电路控制模块,通过D/A转换器的输出电压控制压控函数发生器ICL8038的信号产生电路,来产生矩形波、三角波和正弦波,这种电路的频率稳定度高,频率可调范围宽,输出信号的电压幅度较大并且在一定范围内实现连续可调,使用简单,调整方便,性能稳定。介绍了基于AT89S51函数信号发生器电路的整体设计、各单元电路的设计、软件设计及整机测试。     

科隆蛋扣件段钢轨波磨产生机理及发展特性

为研究地铁钢轨波磨的产生机理和发展特性,通过建立车辆-轨道空间耦合模型和钢轨波磨评价模型,从频域和时域的角度分析波磨产生机理,并运用波磨增长率对科隆蛋扣件轨道钢轨波磨的产生机理和发展特性进行研究。基于频域的分析,对轨道结构模型进行模态分析和频响分析,发现存在与实测波磨通过频率接近的轨道结构固有频率,说明该频率所对应的振型更容易被激发出来,促使轨道结构发生共振现象,形成相应频率的波磨。基于时域的分析,运用车辆-轨道耦合模型,计算钢轨垂向振动加速度、钢轨垂向位移的时程曲线并进行频域变换,发现存在与实测波磨通过频率接近的特征频率,说明轨道结构相应频率下的振动是促进波磨形成的重要原因。车速的改变对波磨增长率的特征频率没有影响,体现了波磨的固定频率特性。随着列车运行次数的增加,特征频率对应波长的波磨逐渐形成并不断发展;波磨的波长范围和发展速度随着列车速度的增加而逐渐增大。     

一种基于DDS的函数发生器

针对综合测试仪的函数发生器模块的高集成度和低成本的要求,设计了一个通过现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现直接数字频率合成(DDS)数字部分的函数发生器。它由微处理器系统、DDS系统、模拟通道3部分组成;在FPGA内部设计了相位累加器和ROM波形存储表,通过加载频率控制字改变波形频率,实现了DDS系统的数字部分,采用W77E58单片机作为函数发生器的微处理系统。测试结果表明,设计的函数发生器输出的正弦波、方波和三角波完全满足项目对波形幅度、频率、精度等指标的要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.