新型制冷剂R134,R134—R134a及R134—R22的热力学性质

采用马丁－侯８１型方程对制冷剂Ｒ１３４、Ｒ１３４－Ｒ１３４ａ及Ｒ１３４－Ｒ２２的热力学性质进行了系统的计算，并绘制了Ｒ１３４的热力学性质图表，为Ｒ１３４在制冷业及相关领域的应用提供了依据。     

马丁-侯方程中参数m和B4的直接求取

马丁-侯(M-H)方程在计算液相体积、高压气体的焓熵、以及极性液体的焓熵方面有很好的精度优势,但对其中B4参数的求取需要迭代计算而影响了M-H方程在工程计算中的应用.今首先将M-H方程的m参数和物质的偏心因子ω关联起来,在保持M-H方程计算气相体积精度的条件下得到计算m的普适方法.然后提出参数B4与物质的对比温度Tr以...     

用马丁—侯方程理论计算流体P—V—T性质

本文导出了马丁－侯状态方程理论式常数的计算公式，并用理论计算了了ＣＯ２的等温曲线和十种非极性和极性物质的汽液饱和曲线，其计算精确度令人满意。     

用马丁－侯方程理论式计算流体P－V－T性质

本文导出了马丁－侯状态方程理论式常数的计算公式，并用理论式计算了ＣＯ_２的等温曲线和十种非极性和极性物质的汽液饱和曲线，其计算精确度令人满意。     

从统计力学推导流体状态方程(Ⅲ)——关于马丁-侯状态方程等的统计力学证明与解释

本文从多方阱非球形势硬粒子微扰理论出发,通过适当的近似与化简,导出了马丁-侯状态方程,从而使这个由经验提出的状态方程得到了统计力学的证明与解释.从多方阱非球形势硬粒子微扰理论出发,通过更粗略的近似也能得到范德华状态方程以及Barner与Adler改进的(?)offie状态方程.由理论分析,马丁-侯方程较为全面,不仅有高级微扰项,保留了多级密度展开式,同时取用了较精确的多级参考流体状态方程.     

从统计力学推导流体状态方程(Ⅲ)——关于马丁-侯状态方程等的统计力学证明与解释

本文从多方阱非球形势硬粒子微扰理论出发,通过适当的近似与化简,导出了马丁-侯状态方程,从而使这个由经验提出的状态方程得到了统计力学的证明与解释.从多方阱非球形势硬粒子微扰理论出发,通过更粗略的近似也能得到范德华状态方程以及Barner与Adler改进的(?)offie状态方程.由理论分析,马丁-侯方程较为全面,不仅有高级微扰项,保留了多级密度展开式,同时取用了较精确的多级参考流体状态方程.     

超临界二氧化碳PVT性质计算研究

通过用BWR方程、Exp-RK立方型方程和81型马丁-候方程对超临界状态下CO2的P-V-T性质进行计算,得出CO2在超临界状态时的压力值P并与实验数值进行比对,分析其偏差。可知,使用Exp-RK方程跟81型马丁-候方程计算超临界状态下CO2的偏差都较小,两方程都可适用于超临界状态下二氧化碳P-V-T性质的计算。81型马丁-候精确度较高,Exp-RK方程公式简便、参数较少,用于超临界状态的工程计算也非常方便。     

马丁-侯（M-H）状态方程研究应用进展

概括了马丁-侯状态方程的进展,介绍了马丁-侯状态方程的特点。分析了马丁-侯状态方程存在的问题,提出了解决的方法。对马丁-侯状态方程的应用进行了阐述,指出了其仍然具有很大的研究价值。     

M—H状态方程计算氟氯烷体系的汽液平衡

对马丁-侯状态方程式进行修改,使其应用范围扩展到液相,对其用于计算汽液平衡的热力学可行性作了论述,并探讨了M-H状态方程常数的混合法则并得出了逸度系数的表达式,该方程用来计算四个氟氯烷二元体系的汽液平衡,与文献值符合是好的。     

用改进的Eyring方程推算无限稀释扩散系数

在Ｅｙｒｉｎｇ绝对速率理论的基础上，提出一个关联扩散自由体积的关系式，从而得到改进的扩散系数计算方程，可从纯物质粘度推算无限稀释扩散系数，方程不含任何待定参数．对８２个各类体系共３３２点扩散系数数据，计算平均相对偏差为１２．１％，而Ｗｉｌｋｅ－Ｃｈａｎｇ方程对同样体系的计算偏差为１４．８％，Ｓｉｄｄｉｑｉ－Ｌｕｃａｓ方程的偏差为１２．３％．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。