膜分离技术在油气田水处理中的应用

随着油气田水处理环境保护的重要性不断提升,膜分离技术作为一种高效能、低能耗的水处理技术应运而生。探讨了膜分离技术在油气田水处理中的优点、适用材料、关键制备技术,以及优化与控制方法,为油气田水处理提供技术支撑与借鉴。本文对膜分离技术在油气田水处理过程中,如何优化膜分离工艺,如何控制膜污染等问题进行研究。提出了油气田水处理中膜分离技术的应用要点,包括选择合适的膜材料和制备工艺、优化膜分离工艺和控制膜污染等方面。结果显示,膜分离技术在油气田水处理中具有广阔的应用前景和实用价值。     

微生物转化生产2-苯乙醇的原位产物转移技术研究进展

阐述了微生物转化法生产天然2-苯乙醇的代谢途径以及2-苯乙醇对微生物的毒性即产物抑制作用,而原位产物转移技术（ISPR技术）可有效降低产物抑制作用,提高2-苯乙醇产量。着重介绍了微生物转化生产2-苯乙醇的ISPR技术的研究现状,比较总结了萃取、吸附与基于膜分离的渗透蒸发和渗透萃取技术的优缺点,提出今后的研究重点应是将开发ISPR技术与培育高产量菌株和高效发酵工艺相结合,利用相对简单的设备及后处理技术即可显著提高2-苯乙醇的产率,早日实现微生物转化生产2-苯乙醇的工业化。     

生物乙醇提浓工艺中渗透蒸发膜材料的研究进展

渗透蒸发膜分离技术具有分离效率高、低能耗、易于和发酵装置耦合等优势,在生物乙醇的分离、提浓工艺中得到广泛应用。结合国内外生物乙醇的研究现状,综述了渗透蒸发膜分离技术的研究进展,并对渗透蒸发膜分离技术的核心材料--膜材料的制备与应用进行详细介绍,展望了生物乙醇的渗透蒸发膜分离技术的发展前景。     

超滤技术在化工工艺过程中的应用

超滤技术作为膜分离技术的一种,有着比膜分离技术更加优越的应用价值。首先对超滤技术的概念、优点和特点进行总结,并对超滤技术在化工工艺过程中的应用进行分析总结,为化工工艺过程中超滤技术的应用提供资料参考。     

Research and application of ultrasound-enhanced membrane filtration

膜分离过程中的膜污染和浓差极化现象,可通过超声场产生的机械振动、声冲流及声空化等实现有效控制。本文对超声场强化膜分离过程的机理与研究现状进行了分析,从超声场强化膜分离集成系统、膜材料、结构及其稳定性,超声场与其它方法协同强化膜分离过程等方面的研究工作进行了综述,并对超声场强化膜分离技术在含颗粒体系、生物食品领域、水处理领域中的应用特点进行了分析和总结。在此基础上,对超声场强化膜分离过程的发展方向和研究前景进行了展望。     

膜分离技术在药物生产中的应用

回顾膜分离技术的发展,对膜分离技术的基本特性、技术特点及分类进行简单介绍;概括膜分离法在药物生产中的应用,并分析与总结膜分离技术的优点和在使用过程中应注意的因素。通过分析发现,膜分离技术在药物生产中将起到越来越重要的作用。     

气体分离膜技术的应用与发展

膜分离技术作为一门新兴的学科,从它出现至今仅几十年的历史.这期间膜分离技术的理论研究和商业应用出现巨大发展.和传统的分离技术相比,膜分离过程具有节省投资,运行费用低,装置与设备集成度高,易于模块化处理等特点.在传统的膜分离技术研究基础上,如超滤、微滤和反渗透等,近年来人们积极开发了气体分离膜技术,并且在初步商业化应用中和传统的气体分离技术进行比较,展示出乐观的前景.表1中列出采用不同方法进行气体分离的技术特点与装置规模.     

膜分离技术应用的研究进展

简要介绍了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透的分离机理;综合概述了膜分离技术在废水处理、医药生产、化工生产、白酒除浊过滤中的应用进展,提出了膜分离技术在应用过程中需要研究的关键课题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

膜技术在自来水厂的应用现状

综述了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透几种常用的膜分离技术及其组合膜分离技术在国内外自来水厂的应用现状,结合其对各种有毒有害物质的去除情况,说明了膜分离技术在自来水厂应用中的处理效果及存在的问题,并对膜分离技术的应用前景作了展望,以期为膜分离技术在自来水厂中的应用提供借鉴。     

膜技术在自来水厂的应用现状

综述了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透几种常用的膜分离技术及其组合膜分离技术在国内外自来水厂的应用现状,结合其对各种有毒有害物质的去除情况,说明了膜分离技术在自来水厂应用中的处理效果及存在的问题,并对膜分离技术的应用前景作了展望,以期为膜分离技术在自来水厂中的应用提供借鉴。     

超临界流体与膜过程耦合技术的研究进展

单独应用超临界流体技术或膜技术 ,会出现一些难以克服的缺点 ,而将两者结合在一起的耦合过程可以很好地发挥各自的优势 ,符合绿色化工过程的要求 ,有广阔的应用前景。综述了超临界流体和膜过程耦合技术自出现以来在过程开发和基础研究方面的进展情况 ,其中包括超临界CO2 回收、膜分离过程强化、提高超临界流体萃取选择性以及超临界膜反应等方面开展的研究工作和取得的结果 ,并指出了有待解决的关键性问题和今后的发展方向。     

Liquid membrane technology: fundamentals and review of its applications

OVERVIEW: During the past two decades, liquid membrane technology has grown into an accepted unit operation for a wide variety of separations. The increase in the use of this technology owing to strict environmental regulations and legislation together with the wider acceptance of this technology in preference to conventional separation processes has led to a spectacular advance in membrane development, module configurations, applications, etc. IMPACT: Liquid membrane technology makes it possible to attain high selectivity as well as efficient use of energy and material relative to many other separation systems. However, in spite of the known advantages of liquid membranes, there are very few examples of industrial applications because of the problems associated with the stability of the liquid membrane. APPLICATIONS: Liquid membrane technology has found applications in the fields of chemical and pharmaceutical technology, biotechnology, food processing and environmental engineering. On the other hand, its use in other fields, such as in the case of hydrogen separation, the recovery of aroma compounds from fruits, the application of ionic liquids in the membrane formulation, etc., is increasing rapidly. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

The membrane emulsification process—a review

Membrane emulsification has received increasing attention over the last 10 years, with potential applications in many fields. In the membrane emulsification process, a liquid phase is pressed through the membrane pores to form droplets at the permeate side of a membrane; the droplets are then carried away by a continuous phase flowing across the membrane surface. Under specific conditions, monodispersed emulsions can be produced using this technique. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review on the membrane emulsification process including: principles of membrane emulsification, influence of process parameters and industrial applications. Small‐scale applications such as drug delivery systems, food emulsions, and the production of monodispersed microspheres are also included. Compared with conventional techniques for emulsification, membrane processes offer advantages such as control of average droplet diameter by average membrane pore size and lower energy input. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

太阳能光催化反应器的研究进展

为促进太阳能光催化反应器的研究和开发,从反应器中催化剂的存在形态、反应器的聚光形式以及应用3个方面对太阳能光催化反应器的研究现状进行了系统的综述,对催化剂悬浮型和固定膜型反应器以及聚光型和非聚光型反应器进行了比较,并分析了反应器在实际废水处理或者大批量处理中应用的可行性。     

亲和膜手性拆分技术及手性拆分固膜

阐述了亲和膜拆分技术,包括亲和超滤、纳滤、电渗析、渗析及渗透汽化等在手性拆分领域的应用,对基于对映体间亲和性差异的手性选择膜及基于"形状记忆"的分子印迹拆分膜的最新进展进行了综述,并就今后的发展方向提出建议。     

膜蒸馏技术研究及应用进展

膜蒸馏作为一种新型分离技术,具有操作温度低、设备简单、脱盐率高等特点,在海水淡化、苦咸水脱盐、果汁浓缩等过程具有良好的应用前景。本文简述了膜蒸馏的工作原理、特点和膜材料的制备方法,指出当前膜材料的研究方向。综述了直接接触式、气隙式、真空式和气扫式4种基本膜蒸馏形式和几种改进的膜蒸馏形式的传热传质原理、研究现状和发展方向。重点介绍了可再生能源以及工业低温余热驱动膜蒸馏的技术特点、研究现状和应用,包括太阳能光伏/光热驱动膜蒸馏技术、太阳能热泵耦合驱动膜蒸馏技术、太阳池膜蒸馏技术、地热能梯级利用驱动膜蒸馏技术和低温余热驱动膜蒸馏技术等,并指出其发展方向。最后,探讨了膜蒸馏技术亟待研究和解决的问题,为该技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

膜法碳捕集技术——研究现状及展望

碳捕集是实现CO₂减排的重要技术手段之一。在众多碳捕集技术中,膜分离技术具有操作简单、能耗低、环境污染小等优势,吸引了广泛关注。完整的膜法捕集CO₂技术研究链条包括膜材料开发、分离膜规模化制备、膜组件研制和膜分离工艺及装置的设计建造。本文针对膜法碳捕集技术链的四个环节,总结对比了国内外技术水平和研究进展,分析了碳捕集膜从实验室研究到工业放大的瓶颈问题,并对本文作者课题组在各个技术环节所积累的研究成果进行了综述。在此基础上,对进一步提高膜法碳捕集技术水平的研究方向进行了展望。     

An industrial perspective on membrane distillation processes

Process intensification has led to significant developments in both distillation and membrane technology. Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging technology for fluid separations that are typically performed by conventional separation processes, such as distillation or reverse osmosis (e.g. water desalination, or water removal). Compared with other membrane technologies, the driving force in MD is the difference in vapor pressure across the hydrophobic membrane, rather than the total pressure. MD can be a cost effective separation process, especially when more sustainable alternative sources of energy (e.g. geothermal and solar) or waste heat sources are used. Many review papers on MD are available in the open literature, but most of them focus on the membrane characteristics (e.g. material aspects). This industrial perspective paper assesses the MD technology and reports on relevant issues by offering a concise overview of MD technology, addressing different MD configurations, current major applications, operating parameters and their effect on the MD process, commercially available membranes, as well as cost estimations to determine the feasibility of MD processes. While successfully applied in desalination and a few other niche applications, MD has failed to make a strong industrial impact in other areas still dominated by distillation. A key message is that membrane distillation is still a growing technology for separation and purification processes, but it needs further exploration and optimization to become a mature technology applicable to more industrial processes in the chemical process industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

膜技术与过程耦合

过程耦合是应用技术领域研究的热点之一,膜及膜分离技术的开发促进了过程耦合技术发展.介绍了几类基于膜的过程耦合技术,如膜萃取、膜蒸馏、渗透蒸发及亲和膜过程等.指出今后研究工作的重点是开发适应各具体过程的膜材料及膜组件,进行共性研究,完善膜耦合过程的机理与模型,研究设备匹配及相关的流体力学和反应动力学等.     

Vacuum membrane distillation processes for aqueous solution treatment—A review

The current applications of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process for various industrial aqueous solutions have been thoroughly reviewed. The applications of VMD can be grouped into three major processes: the single component transport process, the binary component transport process and the multicomponent transport process. The porous and hydrophobic membrane in the VMD system serves as a physical support for the liquid–gas interface and does not allow one of the phases to disperse into the other. The membrane provides an efficient separator for the phase-change process. The use of the correct membrane can offer a high production rate and a high separation factor at low temperatures. VMD, an alternative separation technology with applications in desalination, concentration, organic extraction and dissolved gas removal, can compete with conventional liquid–gas separation systems. The present paper critically reviewed VMD technology; the important components of the scope of this review included applications and processes, membrane modules, heat and mass transfer, model development, membrane, process conditions, fouling, energy consumption and production cost. Finally, the potential for future research as a requisite for VMD industrialisation was suggested.