Al_2O_3多孔陶瓷的制备及性能

以煅烧α-Al_2O_3微粉为原料、粘土为高温烧成粘结剂、羧甲基纤维素为成型粘结剂,采用模压成型法制备了氧化铝多孔陶瓷,运用TG-DSC、SEM、XRD等手段研究了烧成温度、粘土含量对氧化铝多孔陶瓷微观形貌、物相结构、线收缩率、气孔率及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在烧结温度为1400℃时,氧化铝多孔陶瓷出现液相烧结,1500℃时液相烧结随粘土含量的增加更加明显;粘土在高温下促进了氧化铝多孔陶瓷的致密化使得线收缩率增大、气孔率降低、抗折强度提高。烧成氧化铝多孔陶瓷的主晶相为α-Al_2O_3,并有少量的莫来石相,莫来石由粘土在高温下转变得到。1400℃烧成的氧化铝多孔陶瓷综合性能优异,其气孔率介于28.6%~33.7%之间,抗折强度介于37.0~64.0 MPa之间。     

陶瓷窑具用堇青石基质料的研究

研究了陶瓷窑具用堇青石基质料的基本组成、组织结构与性能；分析了矿化剂的作用。Ａ级以生矾土、滑石、紫木节粘土和矿化剂（含Ｋ２Ｏ的粘土）配料，采用共同细磨、制粉等工艺，在较低的温度（约１３００℃）烧成。堇青石的合成反应完全，晶体发育良好。以此基质料配以焦宝石骨料一次烧成制备的匣钵，使用寿命显著提高。     

合成莫来石原料的研制与生产

莫来石制品具有高温蠕变率低、热膨胀率小、抗侵蚀性强、热震稳定性好等良好的高温性能 ,在冶金、玻璃、陶瓷、机械行业得到了广泛应用。由于莫来石在天然矿物里很少见 ,所以合成莫来石就成为莫来石制品的主要原料。本工作主要立足于重庆地区丰富的高纯铝矾土资源 ,通过对影响莫来石形成的因素 ,尤其是Al2 O3 /SiO2 、磨料细度、烧成状况 (烧成温度、保温时间、烧成气氛 )对莫来石的影响进行了试验分析 ,成功地合成出了性能稳定的M6 0、M70莫来石。1　研制过程1.1　原料使用的原料主要是重庆产高纯铝矾土和湖南产低R2 O高纯粘土。其理化…     

利用石墨尾矿研制陶瓷仿古砖

分析了石墨尾矿的化学组成、矿物组成及显微结构,然后以石墨尾矿、高岭土、页岩、钾长石、钠长石等为原料,设计并制备了陶瓷仿古砖,研究了石墨尾矿添加量对仿古砖相组成、显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明:石墨尾矿的添加量可达70%(质量分数),经1 100℃烧成的样品综合性能最优,抗折强度达90.47 MPa、吸水率为0.18%、气孔率0.44%、体积密度2.47 g/cm~3、烧成收缩6.69%,样品的相组成为钙长石、石英、透辉石和赤铁矿,以石墨尾矿为主要原料可制备满足《陶瓷砖》GB/T 4100—2015的陶瓷仿古砖。     

利用气化炉渣制备轻质隔热墙体材料的研究

以气化炉渣为原料,采用挤出成型法,通过力学性能测试、物相组成和显微结构分析,研究了烧成温度和结合剂添加量等工艺条件对制备的轻质隔热墙体材料性能的影响。结果表明:烧成试样的矿物相为钙长石、石英、赤铁矿和莫来石;1000℃烧成时,添加20%(质量分数,下同)粘土可制备出体积密度为1.00 g/cm3、导热系数为0.19W/(m·k)和耐压强度为5.3 MPa的轻质烧结自保温墙体材料;添加30%粘土可制备出体积密度为1.20 g/cm3、导热系数为0.23 W/(m·k)和耐压强度达20.1 MPa的烧结自保温可承重墙体材料;添加40%粘土可制备出体积密度为1.18 g/cm3、导热系数为0.26 W/(m·k)和耐压强度达16.6 MPa的烧结自保温可承重墙体材料。     

正交设计优化粉煤灰-煤矸石质多孔陶粒的制备过程

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用添加造孔剂法制备出了多孔陶粒。为了优化工艺参数,得到性能较好的粉煤灰多孔陶粒,通过正交试验设计,系统地研究了煤矸石的掺量、成孔剂、烧结温度对多孔陶粒的物理化学性能的影响,如气孔率、吸水率、抗压碎强度、物相组成和显微形貌等。研究结果表明,成孔剂是影响多孔陶粒性能的最主要因素。当煤矸石掺量20%、成孔剂15%,经1160℃烧成的多孔陶粒样品有着较大的抗压碎强度,显气孔率也达到58.22%。样品的晶相组成为钙长石,及少量的方石英和赤铁矿。其内部孔隙丰富,大孔与小孔交错分布,是一种兼具较高气孔率和较强力学强度的优质多孔陶瓷。     

不同化学矿物组成的粘土煅烧时的相转化

查明了氧化铁含量偏高及化学矿物组成各不相同的粘土材料煅烧时的相转化特点。查明重选尾矿的粘土中在950℃时出现液相,于1050～1150℃时发生莫来石强化结晶,在扎纳道尔斯克矿的高岭石型粘土中于1000℃出现液相,于1100～1200℃发生莫来石强化结晶,比锆英石钛铁矿重选尾矿高50℃。     

镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球气孔率的调控

以镁工业废渣为主原料,添加一些成孔剂及天然矿物烧结助剂,制备了可用于工业废水及废气处理的高性能镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球。讨论了3种成孔剂的成孔效果和影响气孔率、强度的因素。理化性能和显微结构测试表明,高温成孔剂石墨添加量为20%,烧成温度为1100℃时,样品的显气孔率为56.17%,吸水率为43.76%,体积密度为1.28g/cm3,抗压碎强度为34.21MPa,耐酸性为99.59%,耐碱性为99.81%;低温成孔剂煤粉和白云石的加入也能起到气孔率调控的作用。镁渣多孔陶瓷滤球的气孔分布均匀,呈三维连通状,有利于实现其过滤性能。     

热处理温度对自合成莫来石结合SiC多孔陶瓷性能的影响

本文通过自合成莫来石结合的方式制备了碳化硅质多孔陶瓷,主要研究了烧结温度对其机械性能、微孔性能的影响.结果表明:随着烧成温度的变化,莫来石结合碳化硅多孔陶瓷材料的结合剂晶相结构发生较大变化,从而导致材料中各项机械性能、化学性能、热稳定性能及微孔性能也不断变化.最后确定其适宜的烧成温度应控制在1390℃至1430℃之间.     

矾土均质料对炮泥性能的影响

分别以粒度≤3 mm的电熔棕刚玉、高铝矾土熟料和矾土均质料为主要原料制备了高炉用无水炮泥,研究了加入量(w)均为30%的3种原料对炮泥性能的影响。结果表明:1)与高铝矾土熟料相比,矾土均质料孔隙率较低,用其制备的炮泥在获得良好塑性的条件下需要的焦油量较少;2)加入矾土均质料炮泥的常温耐压强度和高温抗折强度明显高于加入高铝矾土熟料炮泥试样的,其性能与加入棕刚玉炮泥的性能相近,并且炮泥性能具有良好的稳定性;3)加入矾土均质料炮泥具有优异性能的原因得益于矾土均质料化学组成和矿物组成均匀稳定,材料结构中存在大量发育良好的莫来石相。     

Crystallization of zeolite L from Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system

Zeolite L powder was prepared from the substrate mixture of Na₂O-K₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O system at temperatures of 373-443 K. In order to investigate the factors which influence the synthesis outcome, a reference system which yields zeolite L in a reproducible manner was chosen and subjected to controlled changes in synthesis parameters. The crystalline zeolite L samples obtained were characterized by elemental chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was established that phase purity, morphology, and the size of crystals of crystalline product were affected by molar ratios of the substrate, such as SiO₂/Al₂O₃, (K₂O+Na₂O)/SiO₂, Na₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O), and H₂O/(K₂O+Na₂O). Amorphous silica powder (Zeosil) was the preferred silica source, and the crystallization rate was promoted by introducing gel aging, seeding, and rapid heating rate.     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

碳酸钠—过氧化氢—水体系相图的绘制

进行了Na2CO3-H2O2-H2O体系溶解度的测定并绘制成相图,最后对其应用进行了讨论。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y2O3-ZrO2 and Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 precursor powders

Thixotropic gels of the precursor powders of the titled compounds have been prepared by the addition of oxalic acid to the mixed solutions of metal salts at room temperature (≈ 27 °C). The clear sols of yttrium-zirconyl oxalate (YZO) and yttrium-cerium-zirconyl oxalate (YCZO) gelled within a few hours and were oven-dried at 40 °C. The various stages of gelation behaviour of the sols are explained on the basis of DLVO theory. By repeptizing the dried gel powders with water, concentrated sols were prepared. The gelation time as a function of chloride ion concentration is discussed for both sols. The nature of the temperature dependence of the dried gel powders was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the crystallization behaviour of the dried amorphous gel powders. It is found that these powders crystallize in tetragonal phase when calcined at 850 °C for 1 h. Estimation of surface area and infra-red characterization have also been carried out for the prepared powders.     

Stable Ti/RuO2-Sb2O5-SnO2 electrodes for O2 evolution

RuO₂-based electrodes are generally known to be unstable for O₂ evolution. In this paper, a stable type of RuO₂-based electrode, Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂, is demonstrated for O₂ evolution. In the ternary oxide coating, RuO₂ serves as the catalyst, SnO₂ as the dispersing agent, and Sb₂O₅ as the dopant. The accelerated life test showed that the Ti/RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ electrode containing 12.2 molar percent of RuO₂ nominally in the coating had a service life of 307 h in 3 M H₂SO₄ solution under a current density of 0.5 A cm⁻² at 25 °C, which is more than 15 times longer than other types of RuO₂-based electrodes. Instrumental analysis indicated that RuO₂-Sb₂O₅-SnO₂ was a solid solution with a compact structure, which contributed to the stable nature of the electrode.     

Preparation and characterization of Cr2O3-TiO2-Al2O3-V2O5 green pigment

Green pigments with high near infrared reflectance based on a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition have been synthesized. Cr₂O₃ was used as the host component and mixtures of TiO₂, Al₂O₃ and V₂O₅ were used as the guest components. TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and V₂O₅ were mixed into 39 different compositions. The spectral reflectance and the distribution of pigment powder were determined using a spectrophotometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. It was found that a pigment powder sample S9 with a Cr₂O₃-TiO₂-Al₂O₃-V₂O₅ composition of 80, 4, 14 and 2 wt%, respectively, gives a maximum near infrared solar reflectance of 82.8% compared with 49.0% for pure Cr₂O₃. The dispersion of pigment powders in a ceramic glaze was also studied. The results show that the pigment powder sample S9 is suitable for use as a coating material for ceramic-based roofs.     

Crystal Structure of the LiNaZnP2O7 Compound in the Li2ZnP2O7-Na2ZnP2O7 Glass-Forming System

The crystal structure of the LiNaZnP₂O₇ compound is determined using X-ray powder diffraction (space group Cmcm, a = 12.431 Å, b = 7.589 Å, c = 6.283 Å). The structure has a mixed tetrahedral framework consisting of the diortho groups [P₂O₇] and the tetrahedra [ZnO₄] and [LiO₄], which are joined into chains. The [ZnO₄] and [LiO₄] tetrahedra are distributed in the chains in a random manner, because the zinc and lithium atoms statistically occupy one crystallographic position. The sodium cations are arranged in channels of the tetrahedral framework. The atomic coordinates and interatomic distances in the structure are reported. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Fizika i Khimiya Stekla, Shepelev, Lapshin, Petrova, Novikova.     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2一ZrO2复合陶瓷膜的制备与表征

采用Sol—Gel法制备出掺杂SiO2，TiO2及ZrO2改性的γ-Al2O3膜，并通过SEM，EPMA，AFM等测试手段对膜结构和性能进行表征。探讨了制膜工艺条件对膜性能及结构的影响。制备的Al2O3复合膜膜厚为1—2μm，结构均匀无缺陷。