氧化亚铜粉体制备工艺研究进展

制备氧化亚铜粉体主要有:湿化学法(水热法、化学沉淀法、溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法)、电化学法(阳极氧化法、阴极电沉积法)、固相法(低温固相法、机械化学法)、气相法以及新方法 (超声波化学法、辐射法)等。本文就Cu2O粉体的制备工艺进行了综述与展望。     

氧化亚铜基复合光催化剂的研究进展

氧化亚铜在光催化、太阳能电池、传感器等领域有着广阔的应用前景。结合氧化亚铜光催化剂的研究方向,综述了改善其光催化性能的常用方法,包括形貌尺寸改进、掺杂、金属负载和半导体复合等。介绍了几种具有代表性的氧化亚铜基复合光催化剂,包括金属-氧化亚铜复合光催化剂、氧化亚铜-半导体复合光催化剂、氧化亚铜-碳材料复合光催化剂和三元复合光催化剂,阐述了它们各自的反应机理。最后对氧化亚铜基复合光催化剂今后的发展进行了展望。     

氧化亚铜制备方法的研究进展

氧化亚铜（Cu2O）具有优越的光电性质,是一种具有广泛用途的材料。结合最新的研究进展综述了Cu2O的制备方躐重点介绍了液相反应法、固相反应法中各种方法的特点和研究新进展,并阐明了制备Cu2O的发展趋势。     

Cu2O/Cu/SiO2纳米复合物的制备及光催化性质研究

采用正硅酸乙酯和硫酸铜为原料,通过Sol-gel法制备了Cu2O/Cu/SiO2纳米复合物。研究了反应中各种因素对产物的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。利用SEM、XRD、EDX、UV-vis、FT-IR、PL等对产物进行了表征。光催化分解有机物实验证明所得产物具有较好的光催化活性。     

Cu2O光催化降解苯酚

以Cu2 O粒子为光催化剂 ,钨丝灯为光源 ,研究了Cu2 O粒子对苯酚有机污染物的光催化降解过程。并考察了光照时间 ,催化剂用量 ,催化剂种类 ,不同光源 ,苯酚的初始浓度和溶液的酸度对苯酚光催化降解过程的影响。结果表明 ,Cu2 O粒子在钨丝灯光照射下 ,能较好地降解苯酚。     

Cu2O/CuO的制备及光催化性能研究

以葡萄糖为还原剂、采用液相法首先制备了八面体Cu_2O光催化剂,然后以其为基体,通过原位氧化Cu_2O的方式构筑Cu_2O/CuO复合光催化剂。通过XRD、拉曼、XPS对其成分进行检测,TEM、SEM观察其粒径和形貌;研究了亚甲基蓝降解工艺条件,实验结果表明,ρ(亚甲基蓝)=5 mg/L的溶液100 mL、Cu_2O/CuO复合光催化剂的最佳添加量为10 mg、体系pH=11时亚甲基蓝的降解效果最好。通过对最佳条件下循环降解实验表明,Cu_2O/CuO复合光催化剂有着良好的循环稳定性能。     

六角型Cu2O/Au复合材料的合成及光催化性能研究

以乙酸铜、抗坏血酸和氢氧化钠为原料,在常温条件下合成六角形Cu_2O。以AuCl_3为金源、以六角形Cu_2O为基材,通过AuCl_3与Cu_2O的置换反应,合成了六角形Cu_2O/Au的复合材料。利用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、紫外-可见光谱仪对所得材料的相组成、微观形貌、组分和光催化性质进行系统的表征分析。结果表明:成功合成了纳米Au修饰的氧化亚铜基六角形复合材料Cu_2O/Au;Cu_2O/Au相比Cu_2O,光催化性能明显提高,在6h内对甲基橙的光催化降解率从73%提高至95%以上。     

含镉化合物在光催化领域应用的研究进展

镉是一种位于Ⅱ_B族的过渡金属,与常见的光催化剂中锌元素同族,除了具有锌的部分性质外,还具有其他优异的光学性质,因此具有很广泛的应用前景。本文综述了不同类型的镉化合物在光催化领域的应用,介绍了半导体的光催化原理、含镉的新型催化剂的合成方法以及掺杂量对催化活性的影响,同时也分析了导致催化剂活性改变的原因,并在最后介绍了镉的危害及其处理措施。通过对离子镉、氧化镉、硫化镉以及其他镉化合物的分析研究,发现适量的镉及其化合物的引入会导致整个催化体系结构或性质的改变,并通过协同作用提升催化活性。但目前此类催化剂实现工业化应用还面临着很大的挑战,仍需要在设计简易合成方法、提高催化剂的量子效率及稳定性、催化剂催化机理等方面进行更深入的研究。     

准立方体氧化铁纳米材料的制备及光催化性能研究

采用简单的溶剂热法制备了准立方体α-Fe2O3纳米材料;采用X-射线粉末衍射仪,扫描电镜和透射电镜对其进行了表征.将制备的准立方体α-Fe2O3纳米材料用于光催化降解有机染料结晶紫,并将其光催化效果与商品氧化铁对比.结果表明:准立方体α-Fe2O3纳米材料光催化性能明显优于商品氧化铁,可以作为潜在的光催化剂.     

紫甘蓝天然染料敏化三氧化二铋太阳能电池研究

对紫甘蓝天然染料敏化Bi2O3太阳能电池进行了研究。考察了Bi2O3薄膜的制备温度、染料吸附对Bi2O3太阳能电池性能的影响。结果表明,紫甘蓝天然染料作为敏化剂明显改善Bi2O3太阳能电池的光电性能。Bi2O3薄膜在500℃煅烧4h,在染料中吸附12h的太阳能电池的开路电压为0.250V,短路电流为0.063mA·cm-2。     

TiO_2纳米管复合列阵材料的制备及其应用研究进展

阳极氧化制备的TiO₂纳米管列阵由于具有独特的、高度有序的列阵结构,制备工艺简单,成本低廉,已经发展成为重要的无机功能材料。在TiO₂纳米管内外复合其它纳米材料以构成一种特殊的异质结复合结构可以提高其性能,拓展其应用空间。本文基于国内外最新研究进展,系统综述了采用金属、半导体、有机物对TiO₂纳米管列阵修饰而得的复合纳米材料,及其化学、电化学和物理的方法;并介绍其在光催化降解污染物、太阳能电池、生物传感器方面的潜在应用,提出了未来的发展方向。     

电化学法制取氧化亚铜

采用电化学法制取氧化亚铜,研究了电解液组成及其浓度,温度,电流密度以及添加剂等因素对氧化亚铜产品质量的影响,得到了电化学法轩氧化亚铜的优化工艺条件：ρ（NaCl)=260-290g/L,ρ(NaOH)=0.5g/L(pH12.1);电解温度：75－80℃;电流密度：750－1000A／m^2;ρ(Na2Cr2O7)=0.1g/L。在此条件下,可以得到Cu2O纯度＞95％的一级产品。     

太阳能电池用光敏活性染料的合成

设计合成了含有两个羧酸 (酯 )基的铼联吡啶和钌三联吡啶光敏活性染料 ,其中的羧酸酯基水解成羧基后可作为光敏染料与纳米二氧化钛表面发生键合的活性基团。详细研究了染料的合成及提纯方法 ,并利用1 H - 1 HCOSY、HSQC、HMBC等二维相关NMR谱和电喷雾质谱 (ESI-MS)对染料的结构进行了准确表征     

Preparation and characterization of core-shell electrodes for application in gel electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Core-shell electrodes based on TiO₂ covered with different oxides were prepared and characterized. These electrodes were applied in gel electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The TiO₂ electrodes were prepared from TiO₂ powder (P25 Degussa) and coated with thin layers of Al₂O₃, MgO, Nb₂O₅, and SrTiO₃ prepared by the sol-gel method. The core-shell electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. J-V curves in the dark and under standard AM 1.5 conditions and photovoltage decay measurements under open-circuit conditions were carried out in order to evaluate the influence of the oxide layer on the charge recombination dynamics and on the device's performance. The results indicated an improvement in the conversion efficiency as a result of an increase in the open circuit voltage. The photovoltage decay curves under open-circuit conditions showed that the core-shell electrodes provide longer electron lifetime values compared to uncoated TiO₂ electrodes, corroborating with a minimization in the recombination losses at the nanoparticle surface/electrolyte interface. This is the first time that a study has been applied to DSSC based on gel polymer electrolyte. The optimum performance was achieved by solar cells based on TiO₂/MgO core-shell electrodes: fill factor of ∼0.60, short-circuit current density J_sc of 12 mA cm⁻², open-circuit voltage V_oc of 0.78 V and overall energy conversion efficiency of ∼5% (under illumination of 100 mW cm⁻²).     

TiO2 micro-flowers composed of nanotubes and their application to dye-sensitized solar cells

TiO₂ micro-flowers were made to bloom on Ti foil by the anodic oxidation of Ti-protruding dots with a cylindrical shape. Arrays of the Ti-protruding dots were prepared by photolithography, which consisted of coating the photoresists, attaching a patterned mask, illuminating with UV light, etching the Ti surface by reactive ion etching (RIE), and stripping the photoresist on the Ti foil. The procedure for the blooming of the TiO₂ micro-flowers was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) as the anodizing time was increased. Photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were fabricated using TiO₂ micro-flowers. Bare TiO₂ nanotube arrays were used for reference samples. The short-circuit current (J_sc) and the power conversion efficiency of the DSCs based on the TiO₂ micro-flowers were 4.340 mA/cm² and 1.517%, respectively. These values of DSCs based on TiO₂ micro-flowers were higher than those of bare samples. The TiO₂ micro-flowers had a larger surface area for dye adsorption compared to bare TiO₂ nanotube arrays, resulting in improved J_sc characteristics. The structure of the TiO₂ micro-flowers allowed it to adsorb dyes very effectively, also demonstrating the potential to achieve higher power conversion efficiency levels for DSCs compared to a bare TiO₂ nanotube array structure and the conventional TiO₂ nanoparticle structure.     

Carbon nanotubes-polyethylene oxide composite electrolyte for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

Novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) was prepared and characterized for the first time. The strong bonding and interaction between CNTs and PEO in CNTs-PEO composites was observed by the characterization of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectra. The introduction of CNTs into PEO matrix significantly improved the electrolyte properties of DSSC such as roughness, amorphicity and ionic conductivity. The solid-state DSSC fabricated with the optimum composite electrolyte (added 1% CNTs in PEO matrix, 1%CNT-PEO) achieved maximum conversion efficiency of 3.5%, an open circuit voltage (V_OC) of 0.589 V, short circuit current density (J_SC) of 10.64 mA/cm² and fill factor (FF) of 56%. The highest IPCE in the DSSC fabricated with 1%CNT-PEO electrolyte is ascribed to the improved ionic conductivity of composite electrolytes and enhanced interfacial contact between electrode and electrolyte.     

Synthesis of MDMO-PPV capped PbS quantum dots and their application to solar cells

Poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) capped PbS quantum dots about 3-6 nm in diameter were synthesized with a novel method. Unlike the synthesis of oleic acid capped PbS quantum dots, the reactions were carried out in solution at room temperature, with the presence of a capping ligand species, MDMO-PPV. The quantum dots were used to fabricate bulk heterojunction solar cells with an indium tin oxide (ITO)/polyethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrenesulphonate (PEDOT: PSS)/MDMO-PPV: PbS/Al structure. Current density-voltage characterization of the devices showed that after the addition of the MDMO-PPV capped PbS quantum dots to MDMO-PPV film, the performance was dramatically improved compared with pristine MDMO-PPV solar cells.     

Recent trends in polymer tandem solar cells research

Polymer solar cells have many intrinsic advantages, such as their light weight, flexibility, and low material and manufacturing costs. Recently, polymer tandem solar cells have attracted significant attention due to their potential to achieve higher performance than single cells. This trend article intends to provide the latest progress in polymer tandem solar cell technology with a focus on active layer materials and interfacial materials for sub-cell interconnection. Following an introduction of the structure and current status of polymer tandem solar cells, this article will review polymers which have been, and could be used, for tandem solar cells. Furthermore, this article will discuss the interconnecting layer consisting of p- and n-type interfacial layers, which is equally critical for polymer tandem solar cells. Finally, because tandem solar cell measurements are more complicated than that of single solar cells, this article will also address polymer tandem solar cell measurement issues.