低温等离子体用于柴油机尾气脱硝的实验

柴油机作为卡车、重型机械以及船舶的主动力装置仍被广泛采用,其尾气中氮氧化物的脱除技术也是目前的研究热点。本文搭建了模拟柴油机尾气的配气系统,采用介质阻挡放电产生低温等离子体（non-thermal plasma,NTP）的方法对模拟柴油机尾气进行了脱硝的实验研究。实验结果表明：针对本系统,电源效率和能量密度随着输入电压的增大而升高,当输入电压高于60V时,电源效率在90%以上;在O₂/N₂条件下,随着O₂浓度以及能量密度的增加,NO生成量逐渐增加,NO₂生成量先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;在NO/N₂条件下,低温等离子体对NO的脱除率接近100%;在NO/O₂/N₂条件下,随着NO浓度的增加,临界O₂浓度升高,O₂体积分数为1%时脱硝效率在90%以上,O₂体积分数高于14%时低温等离子体的脱硝率为负值,且随着能量密度的增加,生成的NO _x 浓度也更高,O₂浓度对低温等离子体的脱硝性能起决定性作用;在低能量密度时,加入NH₃会提高脱硝性能,高能量密度时NH₃会略微降低NTP的脱硝性能,当加入H₂O模拟真实柴油机尾气成分且喷氨时,获得的脱硝率最高为40.6%。     

Effect of gas composition on nitric oxide removal from simulated flue gas with DBD-NPC method

A new method for nitric oxide (NO) removal was developed by combining dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and negative pulse corona (NPC). The effects of gas composition (O₂, CO₂, and H₂O) on NO removal were investigated with this method, and the effect of alcohols (methanol and ethanol) addition on NO removal was also investigated as well as the reaction mechanisms to enhance the NO removal efficiency. The experimental results showed that O₂, CO₂, and H₂O had obvious inhibition effects on NO removal, and the negative effects were in the following order:O₂ > CO₂ > H₂O. The addition of methanol or ethanol in the reaction system could mitigate the negative effects of O₂, CO₂, and H₂O on NO removal, and also eliminated the production of NO₂. The positive effect of alcohols addition with DBD-NPC denitration method was also validated in the simulated flue gas, in which the NO_x (NO, NO₂) was mainly converted into N².     

电镀废水中共存阳离子对Fe(Ⅱ)/O2去除无机磷的影响

通过序批试验,考察了有氧条件下,共存阳离子对亚铁除磷效率的影响并以实际电子废水为考察对象,对比研究Fe(Ⅱ)/O₂与传统石灰工艺的除磷效果及相关技术经济指标。结果表明:NH₄⁺-N对同步氧化Fe(Ⅱ)除磷效率几乎没有影响;Zn(Ⅱ)可通过与磷酸根反应产生沉淀提高磷的去除率。Mn(Ⅱ)可与新生三价铁形成稳定络合物,促进亚铁氧化并改善铁磷沉淀物混凝沉淀性能,当Mn(Ⅱ)投加量为1.0 mg·L^-1时,反应60 min后,磷的去除率提高11%。Cu(Ⅱ)能高效催化亚铁氧化,从而使亚铁除磷效率显著提高,在Cu(Ⅱ)浓度为0.05 mg·L^-1时,除去45%水中磷所需时间由空白的60 min缩短为5 min,Cu(Ⅱ)是所选共存阳离子中最为高效的亚铁除磷催化剂。以实际电镀废水为研究对象,在共存离子的促进作用下,Fe(Ⅱ)/O₂对废水中磷的去除效果优于传统石灰法,且药剂成本及产泥量均低于直接投加石灰的除磷工艺。     

等速升温流态化下CaO/生物质焦的SO2/NO联合脱除特性

燃煤锅炉污染物超低排放标准对电厂脱硫和脱硝系统提出了更高的要求。CaO作为脱硫剂可以实现循环流化床锅炉烟气中SO₂的高效脱除,焦炭作为还原剂直接还原NO,同时CaO的存在对焦炭还原NO起催化作用,可以实现燃煤烟气中SO₂/NO的联合脱除。为了探究连续温度变化对CaO/生物质焦联合脱硫脱硝性能的影响,在钙循环捕集CO₂技术背景下,研究了等速升温流态化下CaO/生物质焦的SO₂/NO联合脱除特性。探究了烟气中O₂和CO₂对CaO/椰壳焦脱除SO₂/NO的影响。结果表明,O₂通过对椰壳焦表面碳原子的活化作用降低了异相还原NO温度,在300~950℃等速升温过程中CaO/椰壳焦的NO脱除效率逐渐增加,780℃以上能实现100%脱硝。O₂也提高了CaO/椰壳焦的脱硫效率。CO₂与CaO的碳酸化反应以及与椰壳焦的气化反应对同时脱除SO₂/NO有明显抑制作用。O₂和CO₂共同作用下,在500~800℃内CaO/椰壳焦的脱硝效率随温度升高而增加,脱硫效率先降低后升高。NO促进了CaO/椰壳焦脱除SO₂,而SO₂对脱硝有抑制作用。800℃时CaO/椰壳焦同时脱除SO₂和NO的效率分别为97.7%和93.9%。     

Engineering practice and economic analysis of ozone oxidation wet denitrification technology

SO₂ and NO emitted from coal-fired power plants have caused serious air pollution in China. In this study, a test system for NO oxidation using O₃ is established. The basic characteristics of NO oxidation and products forms are studied. A separate test system for the combined removal of SO₂ and NO_x is also established, and the absorption characteristics of NO_x are studied. The characteristics of NO oxidation and NO_x absorption were verified in a 35 t·h^-1 industrial boiler wet combined desulfurization and denitrification project. The operating economy of ozone oxidation wet denitrification technology is analyzed. The results show that O₃ has a high rate and strong selectivity for NO oxidation. When O₃ is insufficient, the primary oxidation product is NO₂. When O₃ is present in excess, NO₂ continues to get oxidized to N₂O₅ or NO₃. The removal efficiency of NO₂ in alkaline absorption system is low (only about 15%). NO_x removal efficiency can be improved by oxidizing NO_x to N₂O₅ or NO₃ by increasing ozone ratio. When the molar ratio of O₃/NO is 1.77, the NO_x removal efficiency reaches 90.3%, while the operating cost of removing NO_x per kilogram is 6.06 USD (NO₂).     

碳质材料催化臭氧氧化去除水中溶解性有机物的研究进展

碳质材料催化臭氧氧化(CMs/O₃)体系具有除污性能强、臭氧利用率高和无金属溶出的特点, 但受制于CMs催化性能的易失性, 该方法目前仍处于实验室研发阶段。本文系统阐述了CMs/O₃体系的反应原理, 并认为表面催化氧化与均相羟自由基(HO·)反应是去除水中溶解性有机物的主要途径;详细分析了影响非均相反应机理与体系处理效能的关键因素, 并指出在反应过程中, 碳表面碱性活性点位的消耗与酸性含氧基团的累积可导致其催化性能的降低, 而选择以中孔结构为主的碳质材料, 优化溶液pH值和臭氧相对投加量等操作参数, 将有利于降低CMs内部的传质阻力, 显著提高对目标污染物的去除率。基于新近发表的文献, 本文综述了CMs/O₃对多种有机污染物和实际废水的处理效能, 并认为多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的引入与新型固着、负载技术的使用, 有望提升CMs/O₃在微污染水体深度净化领域的实用化水平。同时, 努力将CMs/O₃与现有技术相耦合, 建立经济、高效的组合工艺也是当前应用研究的重要方向。     

温度和氧含量对NH4Br改性稻壳焦汞氧化吸附特性的影响

采用10 g·L^-1 NH₄Br溶液对原始稻壳焦进行浸渍改性制备了脱汞吸附剂。利用比表面积及孔隙度分析仪、扫描电子显微镜/X射线能谱分析仪对改性前后稻壳焦吸附剂物理化学性质进行表征。在固定床汞吸附实验台上对吸附剂床层出口元素汞(Hg⁰)和二价汞(Hg²⁺)进行同步检测,研究了不同温度下N₂气氛和N₂+6.4 %(体积)O₂气氛中改性稻壳焦的汞氧化吸附特性。50℃下N₂气氛、N₂+6.4%(体积)O₂气氛以及150℃下N₂气氛中固定床出口均未明显检测到Hg²⁺,50℃和150℃时脱汞率均可达90%。温度为150℃时,在N₂+6.4%(体积)O₂气氛中吸附剂的总汞(Hg^T)脱除效率为98.2%,其中82.2%的Hg⁰被吸附脱除,其余则被O₂非均相氧化为Hg²⁺而氧化脱除。通过对程序升温管式炉出口Hg^T进行检测研究了吸附剂表面吸附态汞的脱附特性。汞脱附峰值温度300℃表明吸附态汞可能以Hg-Br化合物的形式赋存于改性稻壳焦表面,220~350℃的脱附温度说明吸附态汞有较高的热稳定性。100.14%~118.62%的汞平衡率验证了实验结果的准确性。     

O2/CO2气氛下多种碳基随机孔模型的建立

传统随机孔模型基于简单一步反应建立,不适用于处理O₂/CO₂气氛下焦炭颗粒复杂气固反应。针对此问题,基于焦炭本身具有多种碳基的特点,以及焦炭颗粒在O₂/CO₂气氛下燃烧的特性,建立复杂气固反应下的多种碳基随机孔模型和孔隙结构模型。模拟直径为100 μm的焦炭颗粒在O₂/CO₂气氛下燃烧的过程,使用FORTRAN语言自主编程计算并分析结果。研究表明,燃烧初期颗粒呈现竞争效应,孔隙内部气体浓度产生剧烈波动。波动的生成原因是化学反应与物理扩散之间的竞争,可以通过增加环境氧浓度和减小焦炭颗粒粒径来改善。所提出的多种碳基随机孔模型对于表征O₂/CO₂气氛下焦炭颗粒的燃烧特性有着良好的适应性。     

CeO2表面氧化转移FCC烟气中SO2的反应过程

为提高Ce基脱硫助剂对石油加工过程中流化催化裂化（FCC）烟气深度脱硫效果,采用实验与密度泛函理论（DFT）探究了SO₂、O₂在CeO₂表面的反应过程。通过60℃、200℃反应温度下SO₂、O₂与CeO₂的反应,对反应前后CeO₂样品的XRD、IR、XPS谱图比较分析,探索S、Ce的价态变化和相对含量转变规律,从而推测SO₂可能的反应路径。基于密度泛函理论模拟构造了O₂单分子和SO₂、O₂双分子在CeO₂（111）和MgAl₂O₄（111）O空位表面可能产生的吸附构型;利用LST/QST方法搜索SO₂氧化反应过程,计算各步反应能垒。结果表明CeO₂（111）相比MgAl₂O₄（111）具有更好的SO₂催化效果,其中CeO₂在反应中起到了晶格O传递作用,并进一步推断SO₃的脱附过程是整个反应的速率控制步骤。     

A/O1/O2生物膜系统污染物降解特性

将传统A/O工艺的好氧单元分为两段,在各反应器中设置填料,构建了A/O₁/O₂生物膜系统,对锦纶废水进行处理,研究了污染物在系统各段的降解情况,并借助红外光谱分析方法探讨了污染物中官能团的变化规律。结果表明,A/O₁/O₂生物膜系统处理锦纶废水的效果良好,COD、NH₄⁺-N和TN的平均去除率分别为92.70%、85.35%和58.85%。当有机负荷从1.64～4.61 kg/(m³·d) 变化时,A段、O₁段和O₂段中COD、NH₄⁺-N和TN的降解变化趋势均不相同。对于COD的去除,A段、O₁段和O₂段的平均贡献率分别为63.08%、29.72%和4.16%;对于NH₄⁺-N的去除,O₁段和O₂段的平均贡献率分别为23.80%和75.99%;对于TN的去除,A段、O₁段和O₂段的平均贡献率分别为74.97%、19.77%和4.09%。经A段缺氧、O₁段和O₂段好氧处理后,废水中酰胺化合物、氨基酸和脂肪族化合物含量减少,出现了无机的NH₄⁺、NO₃^－、HCO₃^－以及碳水化合物。     

电芬顿-臭氧一体化工艺处理船舶生活污水

高级氧化技术是一种新型、绿色的水处理工艺,通过各种强化技术更快、更多地产生具有强氧化性的羟基自由基,使其与废水中的有机物发生链式反应,从而将废水中的有机物快速高效降解为无害的无机盐。采用两种典型的高级氧化技术：电芬顿和臭氧,一体化处理船舶生活污水,研究结果表明：在电流密度20 mA/cm²,芬顿试剂n（H₂O₂）：n（Fe²⁺）=3：1,C（Fe²⁺）为0.01 mol/L,氧气速率2 L/min,臭氧投加量6 g/L时,电芬顿-臭氧一体化装置能有效降解船舶生活污水中的污染物,当处理时间为120 min时,对COD去除率可达86.4%。     

基于Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学解析O2/CO2/H2O气氛下烟煤焦反应机理

流化床富氧燃烧湿烟气循环兼具经济与环保优势。湿烟气循环（O₂/CO₂/H₂O）条件下煤焦与O₂、CO₂及H₂O的反应同时发生。为探究O₂/CO₂/H₂O气氛下煤焦-O₂、煤焦-CO₂、煤焦-H₂O反应间的相互作用机制,在自制高精度热重实验装置上系统考察了O₂、CO₂、H₂O及其混合气氛下,典型烟煤焦在900℃的反应特性。基于吸附和脱附原理的Langmuir-Hinshelwood（L-H）机理性模型分别计算了烟煤焦与O₂、CO₂和H₂O反应的动力学参数。通过采用单独活性位点与竞争活性位点两种假设分析了O₂/CO₂、O₂/H₂O和CO₂/H₂O气氛下烟煤焦-O₂、烟煤焦-CO₂和烟煤焦-H₂O两两反应间的作用机制,揭示了H₂O分子优先吸附于烟煤焦表面活性位点,O₂分子次之,而CO₂分子相对滞后。O₂/CO₂/H₂O气氛下烟煤焦-O₂、烟煤焦-CO₂、烟煤焦-H₂O反应表现出部分竞争反应活性位点,传统的单独活性位点与竞争活性位点假设均无法准确描述其反应速率特性。基于H₂O分子优先,O₂分子次优先吸附的原理,建立了O₂、CO₂、H₂O混合气氛下煤焦反应速率L-H动力学方程,方程计算结果与实验值良好吻合。研究结果为深入分析煤焦颗粒流化床富氧燃烧特性及构建可靠、准确的燃烧反应模型提供了理论支撑。     

乙醇胺对介质阻挡耦合电晕放电同时脱除NO、SO2的影响

采用自行设计的介质阻挡耦合电晕放电等离子体反应装置进行了模拟烟气同时脱硫脱硝的研究,分别考察乙醇胺（HOCH₂CH₂NH₂,MEA）在不同模拟烟气体系中对NO、SO₂脱除的影响,深入探讨了MEA在放电过程中与NO的作用机理。结果表明：在N₂/O₂/SO₂/NO体系中,0.56% MEA的加入可以显著消除O₂对NO脱除的抑制作用;在N₂/CO₂/SO₂/NO体系中,MEA会吸收进入体系中的部分CO₂,以减弱CO₂对NO脱除的抑制;在N₂/O₂/CO₂/H₂O/NO/SO₂体系中,0.56% MEA的加入既可以有效减弱H₂O的影响,也可以使NO的脱除率达到71.28%,继续将MEA的体积分数增大至1.20%时,可将该体系下NO脱除率提高到81.25%;同时,MEA可以在短时间内高效吸收体系内的SO₂,且几乎不受其他气体成分的影响,SO₂脱除率保持在95%左右。     

Fe2+/H2O2体系O2生成路径

掌握Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系O₂的生成路径,可为避免H₂O₂无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内各种自由基对O₂生成速率的影响,进而确定O₂的生成路径。结果表明:Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内不会产生大量O₂^-·,O₂^-·不是生成O₂的主要反应物质;O₂^-·被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量O₂^-·,但此时无O₂生成,证明生成O₂的反应由·OH和HO₂·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO₂·-H₂O+O₂是体系内O₂生成的主要路径。控制Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO₂·的产生,是提高Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系中H₂O₂利用率的有效手段。     

Development of a transient kinetic model for the CO oxidation by O2 over a Pt/Rh/CeO2/γ-Al2O3 three-way catalyst

A transient kinetic model was developed for the CO oxidation by O₂ over a Pt/Rh/CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ three-way catalyst. The experiments which were modelled consisted of periodically switching between a feed stream containing 0.5 mol% CO in helium and a feed stream containing 0.5 mol% O₂ in helium, with a frequency from 0.1 to 0.25 Hz, in the temperature range 393–433 K. These temperatures are representative for cold start conditions. The transient experiments yield information about the reaction mechanism. A transient kinetic model based on elementary reaction steps was developed which describes the experimental data in the above mentioned range of experimental conditions adequately. The kinetic model consists of two monofunctional and one bifunctional contribution. The first monofunctional reaction path comprises competitive adsorption of CO and O₂ on the noble metal surface followed by a surface reaction. The second monofunctional reaction path consists of CO adsorption on an oxygen atom adsorbed on the noble metal surface, followed by a reaction to CO₂. The bifunctional reaction path involves a reaction between CO adsorbed on the noble metal surface and oxygen from ceria at the noble metal/ceria interface. Also, reversible adsorption of carbon dioxide on the support is taken into account. The kinetic parameters, i.e. preexponential factors and activation energies for the different elementary reaction steps, and the oxygen storage capacity were estimated using multi-response non-linear regression analysis of the oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide outlet concentrations.     

NO removal by CH4 on Co-NaX-CO and Ag-NaX catalysts in a dual-bed system

NO removal using CH₄ as a reductant in a dual-bed system has been investigated with Co-NaX and Ag-NaX catalysts, which were prepared by Co²⁺-, Ag⁺-ion exchange into zeolite NaX, respectively, and activation for 5 h at 500 °C. The experimental result has been compared with that of a Co-NaX-CO catalyst, additionally pre-treated under CO flow for the Co-NaX catalyst. The cobalt crystal structure of a Co-NaX-CO catalyst is Co₃O₄, which promotes NO oxidation to NO₂ by excess O₂ at a low temperature (523 K). The mechanical mixture of Co-NaX-CO and Ag-NaX catalysts shows a synergy effect on NO reduction to N₂ by CH₄ in the presence of excess O₂ and H₂O, but the NO reduction decreases quickly as time passes. However, the NO reduction to N₂ in a deNO bed at 523 K and a deNO₂ bed at 423 K, which are relatively lower than the reaction temperatures for common SCR systems, still remained at 67% even in a H₂O 10% gas mixture after 160 min.     

The selective reduction of NOx with propene on Pt-beta catalyst: A transient study

The mechanism of the NO/C₃H₆/O₂ reaction has been studied on a Pt-beta catalyst using transient analysis techniques. This work has been designed to provide answers to the volcano-type activity behaviour of the catalytic system, for that reason, steady state transient switch (C₃H₆/NO/O₂ → C₃H₆/Ar/O₂, C₃H₆/Ar/O₂ → C₃H₆/NO/O₂, C₃H₆/NO/O₂ → Ar/NO/O₂, Ar/NO/O₂ → C₃H₆/NO/O₂, C₃H₆/NO/O₂ → C₃H₆/NO/Ar and C₃H₆/NO/Ar → C₃H₆/NO/O₂) and thermal programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted below and above the temperature of the maximum activity (T_max). Below T_max, at 200 °C, a high proportion of adsorbed hydrocarbon exists on the catalyst surface. There exists a direct competition between NO and O₂ for Pt free sites which is very much in favour of NO, and therefore, NO reduction selectively takes place over hydrocarbon combustion. NO and C₃H₆ are involved in the generation of partially oxidised hydrocarbon species. O₂ is essential for the oxidation of these intermediates closing the catalytic cycle. NO₂ is not observed in the gas phase. Above T_max, at 230 °C, C₃H_6 ads coverage is negligible and the surface is mainly covered by O_ads produced by the dissociative adsorption of O₂. NO₂ is observed in gas phase and carbon deposits are formed at the catalyst surface. From these results, the state of Pt-beta catalyst at T_max is inferred. The reaction proceeds through the formation of partially oxidised active intermediates (C_xH_yO_zN_w) from C₃H_6 ads and NO_ads. The combustion of the intermediates with O₂(g) frees the Pt active sites so the reaction can continue. Temperature has a positive effect on the surface reaction producing active intermediates. On the contrary, formation of NO_ads and C₃H_6 ads are not favoured by an increase in temperature. Temperature has also a positive effect on the dissociation of O₂ to form O_ads, consequently, the formation of NO₂ is favoured by temperature through the oxygen dissociation. NO₂ is very reactive and produces the propene combustion without NO reduction. These facts will determine the maximum concentration of active intermediates and consequently the maximum of activity.     

Oxidation entropies and enthalpies of ceria–zirconia solid solutions

The thermodynamic redox properties for a series of ceria–zirconia solid solutions have been measured by determining their oxidation isotherms between 873 and 1073 K. Isotherms were obtained using Coulometric titration and using O₂ titration of samples equilibrated in flowing mixtures of H₂ and H₂O. Samples having the following compositions were studied after calcinations at 973 and 1323 K: CeO₂, Ce_0.92Zr_0.08O₂, Ce_0.81Zr_0.19O₂, Ce_0.59Zr_0.41O₂, Ce_0.50Zr_0.50O₂, Ce_0.25Zr_0.75O₂, Ce_0.14Zr_0.86O₂, and ZrO₂. While the oxidation enthalpy for CeO₂ was between −750 and −800 kJ/mol O₂, the oxidation enthalpies for each of the solid solutions were between −500 and −550 kJ/mol O₂ and essentially independent of the extent of reduction. The shapes of the isotherms for the solid solutions were affected by the oxidation entropies, which depended strongly on the sample composition and the extent of reduction. With CeO₂, Ce_0.92Zr_0.08O₂, and Ce_0.14Zr_0.86O₂, the samples remained single-phase after calcination at 1323 K and the thermodynamic redox properties were unaffected. By contrast, Ce_0.59Zr_0.41O₂ formed two phases following calcination at 1323 K, Ce_0.78Zr_0.22O₂ (71 wt.%) and Ce_0.13Zr_0.87O₂ (29 wt.%); the isotherm changed to that which would be expected for a physical mixture of the two phases. A model is presented which views reduction of the solid solutions in terms of the local atomic structure, with the formation of “pyrochlore-like” clusters causing the increased reducibility of the solid solutions. Some of the changes in reducibility are associated with the number of sites from which oxygen can be removed in order to form pyrochlore-like clusters.     

NO decomposition and reduction by CH4 over Sr/La2O3

Both NO decomposition and NO reduction by CH₄ over 4%Sr/La₂O₃ in the absence and presence of O₂ were examined between 773 and 973 K, and N₂O decomposition was also studied. The presence of CH₄ greatly increased the conversion of NO to N₂ and this activity was further enhanced by co-fed O₂. For example, at 773 K and 15 Torr NO the specific activities of NO decomposition, reduction by CH₄ in the absence of O₂, and reduction with 1% O₂ in the feed were 8.3·10⁻⁴, 4.6·10⁻³, and 1.3·10⁻² μmol N₂/s m², respectively. This oxygen-enhanced activity for NO reduction is attributed to the formation of methyl (and/or methylene) species on the oxide surface. NO decomposition on this catalyst occurred with an activation energy of 28 kcal/mol and the reaction order at 923 K with respect to NO was 1.1. The rate of N₂ formation by decomposition was inhibited by O₂ in the feed even though the reaction order in NO remained the same. The rate of NO reduction by CH₄ continuously increased with temperature to 973 K with no bend-over in either the absence or the presence of O₂ with equal activation energies of 26 kcal/mol. The addition of O₂ increased the reaction order in CH₄ at 923 K from 0.19 to 0.87, while it decreased the reaction order in NO from 0.73 to 0.55. The reaction order in O₂ was 0.26 up to 0.5% O₂ during which time the CH₄ concentration was not decreased significantly. N₂O decomposition occurs rapidly on this catalyst with a specific activity of 1.6·10⁻⁴ μmol N₂/s m² at 623 K and 1220 ppm N₂O and an activation energy of 24 kcal/mol. The addition of CH₄ inhibits this decomposition reaction. Finally, the use of either CO or H₂ as the reductant (no O₂) produced specific activities at 773 K that were almost 5 times greater than that with CH₄ and gave activation energies of 21–26 kcal/mol, thus demonstrating the potential of using CO/H₂ to reduce NO to N₂ over these REO catalysts.     

Performance,optimization, and mechanism of nitric oxide removal by thiourea dioxide/FeIIEDTA reaction systems

In this work, a new innovative absorption system containing both thiourea dioxide (TD) and Fe^ⅡEDTA was used to NO removal. The independently influences of O₂ volume concentration, TD concentration, original pH value and absorbent temperature on NO removal in bubbling device were examined preliminarily. The results revealed that the NO removal efficiency firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of the three independent variables (O₂ volume concentration, TD concentration and temperature). However, the NO removal efficiency monotonously increased to some extent with pH value increasing from 6.5 to 10.5. In addition, the respective effects of the four variables and the interactive function of them on NO removal were checked with the response surface methodology (RSM) by central composite design (CCD). The calculative model showed that pH value possessed a main positive independent impact on NO removal. Furthermore, the interactive effects between any two factors were expounded by the 3D surface and counter plots. Finally, the optimum absorption conditions for the maximum NO removal at 94.3% experimentally and 95.8% statistically were obtained in O₂ volume content of 6.0%, TD concentration of 0.02 mol·L^-1, original pH value of 10.5 and absorption temperature of 42 ℃.