两性皮革加脂剂LDF-II的合成及应用研究

用天然油脂、多乙烯多胺和丙烯酸合成制得N-酰胺基多乙烯多胺-β-氨基丙酸型两性加脂剂,最佳合成条件分两步的反应温度分别控制在100℃及120℃、两步反应时间分别为2h和4h,天然油脂与多乙烯多胺及丙烯酸的物质量的比为1:0.7:1,并进行了加脂剂的应用实验,用FT-IR对产物的结构进行了表征.     

两性皮革加脂剂的合成及应用研究

用高级饱和脂肪酸、乙二胺和丙烯酸合成制得N—酰胺基乙二胺—β—氨基丙玻型两性加脂剂，最佳合成条件为两步的反应温度分别控制在80℃—90℃及100℃—110℃、两步反应时间分别为1h和2h及反应物的物质量的比为：n(高级脂肪酸)：n(乙二胺)：n(丙烯酸)＝1：1：1。进行了加脂剂的应用实验并用FT—IR对产物的结构进行了表征。     

两性皮革加脂剂的合成及性能研究

用饱和脂肪酸、乙二胺和丙烯酸合成制得N -酰胺基乙二胺 - β -氨基丙酸型两性加脂剂 ,最佳合成条件为两步反应温度分别控制在 80 - 90℃及 10 0 - 110℃和两步反应时间分别为 1h和 2h时 ,n(高级饱和脂肪酸 )∶n(乙二胺 )∶n(丙烯酸 )为 1∶1∶1,进行了加脂剂的应用试验及讨论了加脂剂对皮革中六价铬含量的影响 ,用FT -IR对产物的结构进行了表征     

亚硫酸化油酸顺丁烯二酸聚乙二醇双酯的合成及应用

以油酸、聚乙二醇、顺丁烯二酸酐及亚硫酸氢钠为原料，且当四者的摩尔比为1：1：1：1．2及两步酯化反应、亚硫酸化反应的温度和时间依次分别为140℃、90℃、75℃及2h、1h、1h时，制得了亚硫酸化油酸顺丁烯二酸聚乙二醇双酯加脂剂，讨论了影响亚硫酸化反应的主要因素，用FTIR对产物的结构进行了表征，同时进行了亚硫酸化加脂剂的应用实验。     

亚硫酸化加脂剂FP-Ⅰ的合成及应用

当天然油脂、聚乙二醇、顺丁烯二酸酐及亚硫酸氢钠的摩尔比为1：3．5：3：3；醇解反应、酯化反应和亚硫酸化反应的温度分别为150℃、90℃及75℃时制得了亚硫酸化加脂剂FP-Ⅰ，用FP-Ⅰ对产物的结构进行了表征，同时进行了亚硫酸化加脂剂FP-Ⅰ的应用实验。     

新产品——阳离子加脂剂

阳离子加脂剂是一种新型的加脂剂,由合成油脂和天然油脂等组成。用阳离子及非离子类型的乳化剂经一定的机械方法处理而制得。为白色和微黄色的乳状液,含油量为60%左右。近中性、耐酸碱,使用时可用冷水或热水溶解。但不宜用80℃以上的水。贮藏温度以不超过40℃为宜。使用前必须搅拌     

多功能复合加脂剂的研制(一)

以丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸十八酯共聚物和蓖麻油-马来酸酯磺酸盐、菜油共混，制备了多功能复合型加脂剂。探讨了复合型加脂剂的合成工艺，并确定了最佳生产工艺，产品具有良好的乳液稳定性。用红外、^1H核磁共振谱对中间产物进行了表征。     

氯化石蜡和氯化天然油脂在皮革加脂中的应用

早期在制革工业中使用的加脂剂大都是天然油脂,比如蓖麻油、菜籽油、鱼油和牛蹄油等,以及天然油脂的加工产品,比如硫酸化蓖麻油、亚硫酸化鱼油等。到了四十年代,逐渐发展了合成加脂剂。氯化石蜡(合成牛蹄油)类加脂剂就是性能较好、使用较多的一类合成加脂剂。氯化石蜡是用石油中的石蜡烃类,经过氯化作用而制得。由于氯化石蜡有许多优良的加脂性能,加之原料来源丰富,故在国内外发     

两性加脂剂LDF—1的合成与应用研究

用天然动植物油脂和乙二胺为原料，脱水合成了双油酰基乙二胺，再与氯乙酸钠反应得到最终产物双油酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠型加脂剂，用FT－IR对产物的结构进行了表征。     

天然油脂合成磷酸酯皮革加脂剂的研究进展

综述了目前以天然油脂为主要原料合成的磷酸酯皮革加脂剂及其复合型加酯剂的复配研究进展,并展望了天然油脂基磷酸酯皮革加脂剂的发展方向。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the